scholarly journals Gender Differences in HIV Risk Behaviors Among Persons Involved in the U.S. Criminal Justice System and Living with HIV or at Risk for HIV: A “Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain” Harmonization Consortium

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2945-2957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey B. Loeliger ◽  
Mary L. Biggs ◽  
Rebekah Young ◽  
David W. Seal ◽  
Curt G. Beckwith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Substance Use and HIV-Risk Behaviors Among Young Men Involved in the Criminal Justice System

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Valera ◽  
Matthew Epperson ◽  
Jessie Daniels ◽  
Megha Ramaswamy ◽  
Nicholas Freudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors

Estimating Risks of Arrest and Criminal Populations: Regression Adjustments to Capture–Recapture Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (13) ◽  
pp. 1767-1797
Author(s):  
Martin Bouchard ◽  
Carlo Morselli ◽  
Mitch Macdonald ◽  
Owen Gallupe ◽  
Sheldon Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Offense Type ◽  
Visible Part ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Official Data

The size of criminal populations is unknown, and policy decisions are typically based only on the number of offenses and offenders that come to the attention of the criminal justice system. However, the size of criminal populations may follow different trends than what is observed in official data. We use a regression-adjusted capture–recapture model to estimate the number of people at risk of arrest for offenses involving amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) from arrests and rearrests occurring in Quebec, Canada, controlling for year of first arrest, age, and gender. The 4,989 individuals arrested were the visible part of an estimated 42,541 [36,936, 48,145] individuals otherwise at risk of arrest (12%). Additional results show that trends in criminal populations and risks of arrest vary across offense type and drug classifications.

scholarly journals Gender differences in HIV risk behaviors in an adult emergency department in New York City

1999 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Shuter ◽  
Peter L. Alpert ◽  
Max G. DeShaw ◽  
Barbara Greenberg ◽  
Chee Jen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
York City ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors

Conclusion

Outlaw Women ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
Susan Dewey ◽  
Bonnie Zare ◽  
Catherine Connolly ◽  
Rhett Epler ◽  
Rosemary Bratton
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Frontier Myth ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
The U.S

Our Wyoming study offers direct implications for the U.S. prison system, which has reached a new frontier in terms of the sheer number of people incarcerated, on probation or parole, or experiencing the lifelong consequences of a felony conviction. Much like the frontier myth that continues to exercise influence in U.S. politics and dominant culture, mass incarceration is the result of popular acceptance of beliefs that ignore pervasive socioeconomic inequalities. These beliefs encourage the U.S. voting public to endorse addressing deeply rooted social problems, particularly addiction, through criminal justice solutions designed by the politicians they elect. Such is the nature of democracy in a society characterized by ever-widening inequalities between rich and poor, those with stable jobs and contingent workers, where the criminal justice system is fodder for countless films, series, and other entertainment, and where individuals rely far more on electronic communication than on meaningful social interaction. Social isolation and inequality breed fear, and three fear-based beliefs undergird the existence of the criminal justice system in its present form: drug-abusing women are a threat to public safety, law breaking is an individual choice rather than a community problem, and women released from prison pose a long-term risk to society.

Characterization of HIV Risk Behaviors and Clusters Using HIV-TRACE among a Cohort of Persons Living with HIV in Washington, DC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Wilbourn ◽  
Brittani Saafir-Callaway ◽  
Kamwing Jair ◽  
Joel O Wertheim ◽  
Oliver Laeyendecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Comparing Plea Bargaining and Abbreviated Trial Procedures

2019 ◽  
pp. 702-727
Author(s):  
Gwladys Gilliéron
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Plea Bargaining ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wrongful Convictions ◽  
The U.S

This chapter compares U.S. plea bargaining with plea-bargaining-type procedures and penal orders in Continental Europe, with reference to Switzerland, Germany, and France. It first considers consensual criminal procedures across jurisdictions and why they exist, focusing on plea bargaining in the U.S. criminal justice system and abbreviated trial procedures in European civil law systems. It then examines the extent to which abbreviated trial procedures in civil law systems differ from plea bargaining in the U.S. system, the problems inherent in consensual criminal procedures, and the question of whether there are any solutions. In particular, it explains how plea bargaining and penal orders may lead to wrongful convictions. Finally, it discusses prospects for reform of plea bargaining in the United States and in civil law systems in Europe.

Substance Use among Women at Risk for HIV Infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Wambach ◽  
Joseph B. Byers ◽  
Dianne F. Harrison ◽  
Philippa Levine ◽  
Allen W. Imershein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Increased Risk

This article reports results from a survey of culturally diverse women at risk for HIV infection in south Florida. Data concerning their substance use and its association with HIV risk behaviors are presented. Results indicate levels of consumption which exceed expectations based on general estimates of female substance use. Further, substance use was associated with specific behaviors and lifestyles which placed the women at increased risk for HIV infection.

scholarly journals Reduced Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Persons With HIV After Release From the Criminal Justice System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne E Biondi ◽  
Cynthia Frank ◽  
Brady P Horn ◽  
Sandra A Springer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hiv Viral Suppression

Abstract Background HIV prevalence is 3 times greater for those in the criminal justice system than the general population, with an assumed increase in sexual risk behaviors (SRBs) postrelease. HIV viral suppression impacts HIV transmission; however, studies of SRBs among persons with HIV leaving the criminal justice system are limited, and no studies have examined viral suppression in relation to SRBs in persons leaving the criminal justice system. Methods Data were examined from 2 double-blind placebo-controlled trials of extended-release naltrexone among persons with HIV and alcohol use or opioid use disorder. Participants self-reported sexual activity, including number of sexual partners, sex type, and condom use. HIV viral suppression was evaluated prerelease and at 6 months. Results Thirty days before incarceration, 60% reported having sex compared with 41% and 46%, respectively, at months 1 and 6 postrelease. The number of sex partners and sexual intercourse events decreased from pre-incarceration to months 1 and 6 postrelease. Condom use increased but was not statistically significant. Of the 11 (9.7%) who reported having sex without a condom 1 month postrelease, only 2 did not have viral suppression (VS; HIV VL <200 copies/mL), whereas the 7 (6.5%) who reported SRBs at 6 months all had VS. Conclusions After release, SRBs decreased, and among those who reported SRBs, most were virally suppressed, and thus risk of transmitting HIV was low.

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