scholarly journals Substance Use and HIV-Risk Behaviors Among Young Men Involved in the Criminal Justice System

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Valera ◽  
Matthew Epperson ◽  
Jessie Daniels ◽  
Megha Ramaswamy ◽  
Nicholas Freudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors

“A Rose out of This Cement”

2018 ◽  
pp. 142-161
Author(s):  
Nikki Jones
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Black Fathers ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Chapter 5 tells the story of Jay, one of several young men that Eric and his group tried to support shortly in his efforts to break free from the criminal justice system. I first met Jay when he was in his early twenties. He was just beginning to construct the kind of narrative and life that would lead him away from the street. Five years after our first meeting, I found myself speaking at Jay’s funeral. This chapter reveals the limitations of buffer-and-bridge work when it comes to changing the life trajectory of young men like Jay and highlights the limitations of the crime-fighting community when it comes to protecting Black youth from violence. The chapter provides a compelling illustration of how and why individualistic efforts at transformation or narrowly focused calls for the redemption of Black men in general and Black fathers in particular – narratives often embraced by a variety of community residents – will always fall short of delivering young people from the various forms of violence that shape their adolescence.

Public Health and the Criminal Justice System

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-240
Author(s):  
Gary Tennis ◽  
Kenneth J. Martz ◽  
Jac A. Charlier
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Care Intervention ◽  
Incarcerated Population

Approximately two-thirds of America’s incarcerated population suffers with untreated or undertreated substance use disorders, and many of those individuals commit several crimes related to drug use and addiction on a daily basis prior to being incarcerated. To end the opioid epidemic in the United States we not only need to bolster our health care and public health response to substance use disorders, we need to engage the criminal justice system as a specific touchpoint for public health intervention in communities and states across the country. The principal argument in the chapter is that while individuals with opioid and/or other substance use disorders should get treatment before ever being involved in crime—if they are justice-involved, it is imperative that the criminal justice system serve as a belated but necessary public health and health care intervention supportive of treatment, recovery, and prevention of addiction.

Substance Use among Women at Risk for HIV Infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Wambach ◽  
Joseph B. Byers ◽  
Dianne F. Harrison ◽  
Philippa Levine ◽  
Allen W. Imershein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Increased Risk

This article reports results from a survey of culturally diverse women at risk for HIV infection in south Florida. Data concerning their substance use and its association with HIV risk behaviors are presented. Results indicate levels of consumption which exceed expectations based on general estimates of female substance use. Further, substance use was associated with specific behaviors and lifestyles which placed the women at increased risk for HIV infection.

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorder, Intravenous Injection, and HIV Infection: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1465-1471
Author(s):  
Shao-Cheng Wang ◽  
Brion Maher
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Impaired Control

DSM-V-defined substance use disorder comprises four groups of symptoms: impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological reactions. Behavioral patterns of impaired control, including impulsivity and risk taking, are associated with HIV risk behaviors. Substance users with stronger craving symptoms are more likely to use drugs via intravenous injection than other routes because of the faster drug effect and the higher bioavailability; thus, they are at high risk of HIV infection. HIV risk behaviors such as unprotected sex and intravenous injection facilitate HIV disease spread. Public health policies such as Needle and Syringe Exchange Programs and medication-assisted treatment are proven to reduce HIV risk behaviors such as the frequency of intravenous injection and even the incidence of HIV infection, but both of them have limitations. While intravenous injection is a frequently discussed issue in public policies and the HIV-related literature, it is a much less frequent topic in the addiction literature. We believed that understanding the mental substrate behind impulsivity/risk taking and the possible biological mechanism of intravenous injection may help in creating more effective strategies to slow down HIV infection.

scholarly journals Reduced Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Persons With HIV After Release From the Criminal Justice System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne E Biondi ◽  
Cynthia Frank ◽  
Brady P Horn ◽  
Sandra A Springer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hiv Viral Suppression

Abstract Background HIV prevalence is 3 times greater for those in the criminal justice system than the general population, with an assumed increase in sexual risk behaviors (SRBs) postrelease. HIV viral suppression impacts HIV transmission; however, studies of SRBs among persons with HIV leaving the criminal justice system are limited, and no studies have examined viral suppression in relation to SRBs in persons leaving the criminal justice system. Methods Data were examined from 2 double-blind placebo-controlled trials of extended-release naltrexone among persons with HIV and alcohol use or opioid use disorder. Participants self-reported sexual activity, including number of sexual partners, sex type, and condom use. HIV viral suppression was evaluated prerelease and at 6 months. Results Thirty days before incarceration, 60% reported having sex compared with 41% and 46%, respectively, at months 1 and 6 postrelease. The number of sex partners and sexual intercourse events decreased from pre-incarceration to months 1 and 6 postrelease. Condom use increased but was not statistically significant. Of the 11 (9.7%) who reported having sex without a condom 1 month postrelease, only 2 did not have viral suppression (VS; HIV VL <200 copies/mL), whereas the 7 (6.5%) who reported SRBs at 6 months all had VS. Conclusions After release, SRBs decreased, and among those who reported SRBs, most were virally suppressed, and thus risk of transmitting HIV was low.

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