Archival Readiness

This article explores the challenges of engaging historically excluded communities with archives and archival discourse, focusing on people and communities experiencing homelessness. Positioning the phrase literal homelessness, which is used in the United States to determine eligibility for an annual census of people experiencing homelessness, as representative of ongoing exclusive and non-collaborative forms of recordkeeping, the author proposes a concept that she calls archival readiness to move toward archive making, rather than archive taking, with historically excluded communities. Using her experiences as a part-time staff member in a temporary emergency shelter that was established during the COVID-19 pandemic, she shows how archival readiness, based on ongoing relationships among archivists, researchers, community organizations, and individuals, would increase the likelihood that shelter guests would participate in archiving. Exploring how homelessness creates challenges for the development of inclusive institutional and community-archiving praxes, she argues that while archival readiness would not solve each of these challenges, it could enable historically excluded communities to participate in generating other approaches. The author enacts archival readiness by sharing three records from the shelter and her interpretations of them, introducing forms of information about shelter living that is not collected in official data that tracks “literal homelessness.”

Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 cases in the State of Guanajuato during the third wave of infections using advanced information analysis techniques

The State of Guanajuato, located in the center of Mexico, is one of the regions of the country with a high rate of infections of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in relation to its population size, according to official data provided by the federal government. Motivated by this fact, we undertook to further analyze such data in order to identify correlations between a possible complication of the COVID-19 disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and some non-transmissible chronic diseases and other comorbidities. To carry out our study, we rely on the KDD methodology and specialized machine-learning tools, that allow to extract hidden knowledge in the data, which cannot usually be obtained using traditional information analysis techniques. In this way, initially, the cases infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus were characterized in a general way and, later, classification models were built to identify some rules among the comorbidity variables.

As identidades negras da EJA em diálogo com a (re)educação das relações étnico-raciais

O propósito do texto é discutir o processo de reeducação das relações étnico-raciais na educação de jovens e adultos, a partir das identidades negras no cotidiano escolar da EJA. É um estudo de abordagem qualitativa em que recorremos à pesquisa bibliográfica, cujos referenciais estão pautados em documentos legais como a Lei 10.639/2003, Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais das Relações Étnico-Raciais e para o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana, Censo Educacional de 2019; além do aporte teórico em Falola (2020), Oyêwùmí (2018), Gomes (2005), Odé Inocêncio (2001), Schwarcz (2012), dentre outros que fundamentam a discussão. No primeiro momento, consideramos os dados oficiais de pardos e pretos informados nas matrículas da EJA, como resultado do Censo Educacional (2019) e seus efeitos na produção das identidades e reconhecimento das culturas africanas e afro-brasileiras. No segundo momento, problematizamos a questão da reeducação para as relações étnico-raciais reconhecendo que, passados dezessete anos de implementação da primeira versão da Lei 10.639/2003, não foram suficientes para a ressignificação dos conhecimentos potenciais de África e da diáspora. Por fim, é necessário continuarmos a discutir os aspectos ligados à dimensão da corporeidade, africana e afro-brasileira, tornada invisível e negada nas salas de aula da EJA; às múltiplas abordagens das religiosidades de matriz africana; às inúmeras manifestações e práticas culturais de raiz africana conectadas com as experiências de seus descendentes brasileiros, sem esgotarmos o debate.Palavras-chave: Relações Étnico-Raciais; Identidades africanas e afro-brasileiras; Educação de Jovens e Adultos.EJA’s black identities in dialogue with the (re)education of ethnic-racial relationsABSTRACT The purpose of the text is to discuss the process of re-education of ethnic-racial relations in the education of young people and adults, based on black identities in the daily life of EJA. It is a study with a qualitative approach in which we resorted to bibliographical research, whose references are based on legal documents such as Law 10.639/2003, National Curriculum Guidelines for Ethnic-Racial Relations and for the Teaching of Afro-Brazilian and African History and Culture, Census 2019 Educational; in addition to theoretical contributions in Falola (2020), Oyêwùmí (2018), Gomes (2005), Odé Inocêncio (2001), Schwarcz (2012), among others that support the discussion. At first, we considered the official data of browns and blacks informed in EJA enrollments, as a result of the Educational Census (2019) and its effects on the production of identities and recognition of African and Afro-Brazilian cultures. In the second moment, we problematize the issue of re-education for ethnic-racial relations, recognizing that, seventeen years after the implementation of the first version of Law 10.639/2003, it was not enough for the re-signification of the potential knowledge of Africa and the diaspora. Finally, it is necessary to continue to discuss aspects related to the dimension of corporeality, African and Afro-Brazilian, made invisible and denied in EJA classrooms; the multiple approaches to African-based religiosities; to the countless manifestations and cultural practices of African roots connected with the experiences of their Brazilian descendants, without exhausting the debate.Keywords: Ethnic-Racial Relations; African and Afro-Brazilian Identities; Youth and Adult Education. Las identidades negras de EJA en diálogo con la (re) educación de las relaciones étnico-raciales RESUMENEl propósito del texto es discutir el proceso de reeducación de las relaciones étnico-raciales en la educación de jóvenes y adultos, basado en las identidades negras en la vida cotidiana de EJA. Se trata de un estudio con enfoque cualitativo en el que se recurrió a la investigación bibliográfica, cuyas referencias se basan en documentos legales como la Ley 10.639 / 2003, Lineamientos Curriculares Nacionales para las Relaciones Étnico-Raciales y para la Enseñanza de la Historia Afrobrasileña y Africana y Cultura, Censo 2019 Educativo; además de aportes teóricos en Falola (2020), Oyêwùmí (2018), Gomes (2005), Odé Inocêncio (2001), Schwarcz (2012), entre otros que apoyan la discusión. En un primer momento, se consideraron los datos oficiales de pardos y negros informados en las inscripciones de EJA, como resultado del Censo Educativo (2019) y sus efectos en la producción de identidades y reconocimiento de las culturas africanas y afrobrasileñas. En un segundo momento, problematizamos el tema de la reeducación para las relaciones étnico-raciales, reconociendo que, diecisiete años después de la implementación de la primera versión de la Ley 10.639 / 2003, no fue suficiente para la resignificación del conocimiento potencial. de África y la diáspora. Finalmente, es necesario seguir discutiendo aspectos relacionados con la dimensión de la corporeidad, africana y afrobrasileña, invisibilizados y negados en las aulas de EJA; los múltiples enfoques de las religiosidades africanas; a las innumerables manifestaciones y prácticas culturales de raíces africanas conectadas con las vivencias de sus descendientes brasileños, sin agotar el debate.Palabras clave: Relaciones étnico-raciales; Identidades africanas y afrobrasileñas; Educación de jóvenes y adultos.

Natural population movement and COVID-19: data from Russia

The COVID-19 pandemic is highly infectious, so it paralyzed the health systems of many countries causing a high mortality rate. Official data on COVID-19 deaths at many sites are questioned, and the figures are considered several times higher than official data. In this sense, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the natural movement of the population and, in addition, to evaluate the real mortality rate from COVID-19 in Russia from the construction of predictive mortality models. The study used data from the World Health Organization and the Statistical Service of the Federal State of Russia; se used linear and polynomial models to construct mortality models. The study revealed an underestimation of the official COVID-19 death rate by 2.4 to 6.8 times, depending on the data source. There was a sharp increase in mortality in Russia in 2020 among people over 50 years of age, and with the increase in age, mortality increased. The main reasons for the sharp increase in mortality were coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases, among others.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PRINCIPLES OF ASSIGNING CRIMINAL PENALTIES TO MINOR OFFENDERS

The article discusses the general principles and the principles applied when imposing punishments to minors who have committed crimes. Juvenile delinquents are the social base of organized crime. Juvenile delinquency harms the personal development of the minor offender himself, thereby contributing to continuing the minor's criminal activity. The research results confirm that a significant number of serious offenders began their criminal activities being minors. Correction of juvenile offenders is very important, that is, formation of stable skills of an honest attitude to work. Precise execution of laws and respect for them. Crimes committed by minors, despite the degree of their study, the share of crimes committed by minors in the total number of crimes is on average 10–12% and these are only registered official data, which means that real statistics can be 1.5–2 times higher. The above-stated points to the problem of illegal behavior of minors and the need to find effective ways to impose penalties to juvenile offenders.

Prediction of COVID-19 pandemic dynamics in Russia based on simple mathematical models of epidemics

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic which began in 2020 and has taken more than five million lives has become a threat to the very existence of mankind. Therefore, predicting the spread of COVID-19 in each individual country is a very urgent task. The complexity of its solution is due to the requirement for fast processing of large amounts of data and the fact that the data are mostly inaccurate and do not have the statistical properties necessary for the successful application of statistical methods. Therefore, it seems important to develop simple forecasting methods based on classical simple models of epidemiology which are only weakly sensitive to data inaccuracies. It is also important to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach in relation to the incidence data in Russia. Purpose: Obtaining forecast data based on classical simple models of epidemics, namely SIR and SEIR. Methods: For discrete versions of SIR and SEIR models, it is proposed to estimate the parameters of the models using a reduced version of the least squares method, and apply a scenario approach to the forecasting. The simplicity and a small number of parameters are the advantages of SIR and SEIR models, which is very important in the context of a lack of numerical input data and structural incompleteness of the models. Results: A forecast of the spread of COVID-19 in Russia has been built based on published data on the incidence from March 10 to April 20, 2020, and then, selectively, according to October 2020 data and October 2021 data. The results of the comparison between SIR and SEIR forecasts are presented. The same method was used to construct and present forecasts based on morbidity data in the fall of 2020 and in the fall of 2021 for Russia and for St. Petersburg. To set the parameters of the models which are difficult to determine from the official data, a scenario approach is used: the dynamics of the epidemic is analyzed for several possible values of the parameters. Practical relevance: The results obtained show that the proposed method predicts well the time of the onset of the peak incidence, despite the inaccuracy of the initial data.

ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL EFFECTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 IN ELDERLY AND SENILE PEOPLE IN SHYMKENT

Первые случаи COVID-19 в Казахстане начали регистрироваться в марте 2020г. и на середину июля по официальным данным было уже зарегистрировано почти 60 тысяч случаев, в том числе 373 летальных (0,6%). Понимание истинного бремени заболевания является важным для усиления системы общественного здравоохранения и своевременного корректирования карантинных и смягчающих мер в современном мире. Название инфекции COVID-19 появилось благодаря англоязычной аббревиатуре «Coronavirus Disease 2019». Большая часть пациентов с COVID-19 полностью выздоравливает. Однако, у части из них остаются остаточные явления - одышка при легкой физической нагрузке, легкий кашель, боли и дискомфорт в области лопаток, ухудшение показателей функции сердца, отсутствие обоняния и вкуса, снижение зрения, повышенная утомляемость, бессонница, нарушение менструального цикла, выпадение волос, депрессивное состояние. Остаточные явления в значительной степени снижают качество жизни пациентов, особенно у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста, переболевших COVID-19, мешая вести прежний образ жизни, ухудшая работоспособность и способность выдерживать психоэмоциональные нагрузки. В данной статье проведена оценка остаточных явлений и последствий COVID-19 у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста г. Шымкент. The first cases of COVID-19 in Kazakhstan began to be registered in March 2020. and by mid-July, according to official data, almost 60 thousand cases were already registered, including 373 fatal (0.6%). Understanding the true burden of the disease is important for strengthening the public health system and timely correction of quarantine and mitigation measures in the modern world. The name of the COVID-19 infection appeared due to the English-language abbreviation «Coronavirus Disease 2019». Most of the patients with COVID-19 fully recover. However, some of them have residual phenomena-shortness of breath with light physical exertion, a slight cough, pain and discomfort in the shoulder blades, deterioration of heart function, lack of smell and taste, decreased vision, increased fatigue, insomnia, menstrual cycle disorders, hair loss, depression. Residual phenomena significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, especially in elderly and senile people who have had COVID-19, preventing them from leading a previous lifestyle, impairing their performance and ability to withstand psychoemotional loads. This article evaluates the residual effects and consequences of COVID-19 in elderly and senile people in Shymkent.

How to measure the territorial economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in contexts with scarce regional data?

In this paper we propose an index to approximate the territorial economic impact of the COVID–19 pandemic in contexts with scarce or outdated regional data, which is often the case in developing countries. This index is based on data that are usually available in most countries: a) the sectoral productive structure of the regions, b) the operational level of each sector, c) the mobility of workers in each region, and d) the possibility of remote work among sectors. The empirical application for Argentina describes the impact of the pandemic on regional production during the second and third quarters of 2020, both for the provinces and labor market areas. Our results show that the regional impact of COVID–19 on private economic activity was highly heterogeneous between and within provinces. The proposed index is also highly correlated with sporadic official data coming from national agencies, while it has a wider geographical and temporal scope, especially in terms of labor market areas.

Short-term impact of COVID-19 on financial system in a dollarized economy

This paper analyzes the short-term impact of the lockdown policies implemented to stop the spread of the COVID-19 on the Ecuadorian financial system. We use a regression discontinuity in time (RDiT) design jointly with official data. Results show an overall decrease in total deposits (-3.4%) as well as in credits targeted to private sector (-0.60%). In addition, we find heterogeneous results across the different types of credits and deposits being the most affected those related to public institutions.