scholarly journals Overlapping Key Populations and HIV Transmission in Tijuana, Mexico: A Modelling Analysis of Epidemic Drivers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Fraser ◽  
Annick Borquez ◽  
Jack Stone ◽  
Daniela Abramovitz ◽  
Kimberly C. Brouwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Male Clients ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Sex With Men

AbstractTijuana, Mexico, has a concentrated HIV epidemic among overlapping key populations (KPs) including people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSW), their male clients, and men who have sex with men (MSM). We developed a dynamic HIV transmission model among these KPs to determine the extent to which their unmet prevention and treatment needs is driving HIV transmission. Over 2020–2029 we estimated the proportion of new infections acquired in each KP, and the proportion due to their unprotected risk behaviours. We estimate that 43.7% and 55.3% of new infections are among MSM and PWID, respectively, with FSW and their clients making-up < 10% of new infections. Projections suggest 93.8% of new infections over 2020–2029 will be due to unprotected sex between MSM or unsafe injecting drug use. Prioritizing interventions addressing sexual and injecting risks among MSM and PWID are critical to controlling HIV in Tijuana.

scholarly journals Correlates of unprotected sex with male clients among female sex workers in 13 Mexican cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1538-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley J Semple ◽  
Eileen V Pitpitan ◽  
Claudia V Chavarin ◽  
Steffanie A Strathdee ◽  
Doroteo V Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Clients

scholarly journals Correlates of Unprotected Sex With Female Sex Workers Among Male Clients in Tijuana, Mexico

2010 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira M. Goldenberg ◽  
Manuel Gallardo Cruz ◽  
Steffanie A. Strathdee ◽  
Lucie Nguyen ◽  
Shirley J. Semple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Clients

scholarly journals HIV and AIDS risk perception among sex workers in semi-urban Blantyre, Malawi

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamson Muula ◽  
Donatien Twizelimana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Clients ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Several health behaviour theories propose that risk perception affects the likelihood of behaviour intentions and practice. The perception of risk to HIV and AIDS among female sex workers in Malawi has not been well described. Yet knowledge of how this most at risk population perceives contagion could help in informing the design, implementation and monitoring of interventions.Methods: A cross sectional, qualitative study was conducted among female sex workers in Blantyre, Malawi between 2013 and 2014. Snowballing technique was used to recruit study participants. In depth interviews were done by six trained female research assistants among 45 female sex workers. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.Results: There were mixed perceptions of risk to HIV infection among the sampled sex workers. While some of the study participants perceived themselves as at higher risk of acquiring infection, some considered themselves to be at no higher risk than the general population. Some study participants suggested that married women in stable relationship were at higher risk of infection than the female sex workers. Prayer and belief in God were reported to be protective from HIV acquisition while predestination or mere talking about HIV was perceived to result in vulnerability to infection. In terms of overall knowledge about HIV, this was assessed as high. Several barriers to consistent condom use were reported: non-availability at all times, high cost and unacceptable instructions of the female condom, offers of higher pay for unprotected sex by male clients and harassment and forced unprotected sex by police.Conclusions: We have reported expression of dissonance, fatalism and predestination among female sex workers in semi-urban Malawi is responses to the threat of HIV. There is need to develop context-specific safer sex programs among female sex worker in Malawi.

scholarly journals High prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and transgender women in Papua New Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barne Willie ◽  
Avi J. Hakim ◽  
Steven G. Badman ◽  
Damian Weikum ◽  
Rebecca Narokobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Port Moresby

Abstract Background Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a tuberculosis (TB) case notification rate of 333 cases per 100,000 population in 2016 and is one of the 14 countries classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “high-burden” for TB, multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), and TB/HIV. HIV epidemic is mixed with a higher prevalence among key populations, female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women (TGW). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional HIV biobehavioral survey (BBS) using respondent-driven sampling method among FSW, MSM, and TGW in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen (2016–2017). As part of the study, participants were screened for the four symptoms suggestive of TB infection using the WHO TB screening algorithm. Sputum and venous whole blood samples were collected and tested for pulmonary TB and HIV infection, respectively. Pulmonary TB testing was performed using GeneXpert®MTB/RIF molecular point-of-care test, and HIV testing was done following the PNG national HIV testing algorithm. All data discussed are weighted unless otherwise mentioned. Results Among FSW, 72.6%, 52.0%, and 52.9% in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen, respectively, experienced at least one symptom suggestive of TB infection. Among MSM and TGW, 69% and 52.6% in Port Moresby and Lae, respectively, experienced at least one symptom suggestive of TB infection. Based on GeneXpert®MTB/RIF results, the estimated TB prevalence rate among FSW was 1200, 700, and 200 per 100,000 in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen, respectively. Among MSM and TGW, the estimated TB prevalence rate was 1000 and 1200 per 100,000 in Port Moresby and Lae, respectively. Co-prevalence of TB/HIV among FSW was 0.1% in Port Moresby and 0.2% in Lae. There were no co-prevalent cases among FSW in Mt. Hagen or among MSM and TGW in Port Moresby and Lae. Conclusions Key populations have a higher estimated rate of pulmonary TB than the national rate of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB combined. This showed that screening key populations for TB should be integrated into HIV programs regardless of HIV status in PNG’s national TB response.

Penile implantation and risky sexual behaviour among male clients of female sex workers, Myanmar

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Sun Tun ◽  
Tin Aung ◽  
May Sudhinaraset ◽  
Zaw Win ◽  
Willi McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Clients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Condom Breakage

Introduction: Male clients of female sex workers are at risk for sexually transmitted infections worldwide, yet their behaviours are seldom described in community-based samples. In addition, physical modifications to the penis, such as injections and implantations of objects to enhance sensation, have been noted in diverse cultures. The objective of the present study was to examine risk behaviours of male clients of female sex workers in Myanmar and assess associations between penile modifications and risk for sexually transmitted infections. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2010 in seven cities of Myanmar. The design used probability proportionate to size sampling of male clients at sex work venues (e.g., brothels, entertainment centres, streets) to approximate a representative sample. Results: Of 2,945 male clients at sex work venues, 2,740 (93.0%) enrolled. Overall, 9.9% reported penile injections and 10.7% reported implantations. Compared to male clients without penile modifications, those with penile injection or implantation had higher numbers of partners and more episodes of unprotected sex with casual and commercialpartners. Condom breakage and history of sexually transmitted disease symptoms were also higher among male clients with penile modifications. Conclusions: Modifications of the penis mark a constellation of risky behaviours among male clients of female sex workers in Myanmar and may also be causally related to sexually transmitted infections through condom breakage or physical effects on the penis. Health education and counselling on the potential increased risk should be considered for men with penile modifications.

Gender relations and risks of HIV transmission in South India: the discourse of female sex workers' clients

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Aubé-Maurice ◽  
Michèle Clément ◽  
Janet Bradley ◽  
Catherine M. Lowndes ◽  
Kaveri Gurav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
South India ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Female Sex

Constituting the Unsafe: Nigerian Sex Workers' Notions of Unsafe Sexual Conduct

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimaraoke O. Izugbara
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sexual Conduct

Abstract:This article reports findings of a qualitative inquiry on representations of unsafe sexual conduct among female sex workers in Aba, Nigeria. Participating sex workers viewed their work as a form of business, a survival imperative in the face of poverty, and they generally considered it both risky and disgraceful. However, they frequently framed unsafe sexual behavior in terms of poorly remunerated unprotected sex with clients. Sex workers in the study were not only generally willing to grant, but also confirmed regularly granting, unprotected sex to clients offering to pay a premium for it. Receiving “good money” for unprotected sex made higher degrees of risk acceptable to these women and was considered an effective way to avoid clients assumed to be carriers of infections. In their struggle for sexual health, sex workers in Nigeria are hindered by poverty, powerlessness, and marginality. Future programs must aim, inter alia, at supporting sex workers' willingness to insist on condoms no matter what clients offer them to do otherwise.

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