Preface: Data-driven operations research in transportation and logistics

Author(s):  
Guoqing Zhang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Tatsushi Nishi
Author(s):  
T. Agami Reddy

Abstract The discourse on resilience, currently at the forefront of research and implementation in a wide variety of fields, is confusing because of its multi-disciplinary/spatial/temporal nature. Resilience analysis is a discipline that allows the assessment and enhancement of the coping and recovery behaviors of systems when subjected to short-lived high-impact external shocks leading to partial or complete failure. This paper, meant for pedagogical teaching and research formulation, starts by providing an overview of different aspects of resilience in general and then focuses on communities and regions that are complex adaptive systems (CAS) involving multiple engineered infrastructures providing essential services to local inhabitants and adapted to available natural resources and social requirements. Next, for objective analysis and assessment, it is proposed that resilience be characterized by four different quantifiable sub-attributes. This paper then describes the standard technocentric manner in which different temporal phases during and in the aftermath of disasters are generally visualized and analyzed, and discusses how these relate to reliability and risk analyses. Subsequently, two prevalent types of frameworks are described and representative literature reviewed: (i) those that aim at improving general resilience via soft methods such as subjective means (interviews, narratives) and census data, and (ii) those that are meant to enhance specific resilience under certain threat scenarios using hard/objective methods such as data-driven analysis and performance-predictive modeling methods, akin to resource allocation problems in operations research. Finally, the need for research into an integrated framework is urged; one that could potentially combine the strengths of both approaches.


Author(s):  
Michael A. Miller

This paper summarizes the methodology and preliminary results from a nearly 2-year study for the Wake County Public Schools System in North Carolina. The size and complexity of this system have provided the opportunity for the Operations Research and Education Laboratory to expand the successful Integrated Planning for School and Community program to encompass a projected enrollment of more than 250,000 students in 2025 and a diverse network of municipality and county land use plans. The goals of this project are to provide flexible, data-driven decision science tools for the location of future school sites and attendance boundaries and to cultivate an environment among Wake County planners and school administration that will foster effective communication of common goals.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Jaillet ◽  
Gar Goei Loke ◽  
Melvyn Sim

A new study in the INFORMS journal Operations Research proposes a data-driven model for conducting strategic workforce planning in organizations. The model optimizes for recruitment and promotions by balancing the risks of not meeting headcount, budget, and productivity constraints, while keeping within a prescribed organizational structure. Analysis using the model indicates that there are increased workforce risks faced by organizations that are not in a state of growth or organizations that face limitations to organizational renewal (such as bureaucracies).


Author(s):  
Janiele E. S. C. Custodio ◽  
Miguel A. Lejeune

We present a spatiotemporal data set of all out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrests (OHCA) dispatches for the City of Virginia Beach. We also develop a modular toolkit that can be used to process the data and generate problem instances based on user-defined input. The data were collected from multiple sources, and our analysis process was validated by Virginia Beach officials. The data set consists of detailed information about each dispatch made in response to an OHCA; it includes the time the call for service arrived, the response time of the first unit on scene, the address, and the coordinates of each OHCA incident. It also contains detailed spatial information for all existing first-responder stations and both the great-circle and the road distances between all first-responder stations and OHCA incidents. The raw data files were very large in size and were processed using SAS®, MATLAB, and QGIS. In conjunction with the database, we provide a MATLAB code that allows generating multiple random test instances based on user-defined input. The library of problems can be used in healthcare emergency problems and also for facility location models, bilocation problems, and drone studies. The data set was organized such that it can be readily used by researchers in the field of healthcare operations research and those studying the spatiotemporal distribution of OHCAs. Given the difficulty to access OHCA data at the level of detail we provide, the data set will facilitate the implementation of data-driven models to design emergency medical response networks and to study the distribution of OHCAs. Additionally, the provision of data and the toolkit will be very useful in benchmarking algorithms and solvers, which is valuable to the data-driven optimization community in general. Summary of Contribution: The paper provides a data set of spatiotemporal information out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) for the City of Virginia Beach. The complete data set also includes spatial information about all fire, emergency medical services, and police stations in the city and both the road and haversine distances between each pair of stations and OHCA incident. Additionally, we provide a toolkit to generate random instances based on user input. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that an OHCA database is made publicly available in such level of detail, and there is no precedent of such in IJOC. OHCAs are a leading cause of death worldwide, and emergency medical services still encounter difficulties in providing care in a timely manner. Given the criticality of OHCAs, we believe that making this data set publicly available can help the implementation of data-driven models by researchers in the field of operations research.


ICR Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adha Shaleh

The world is increasingly data-driven. So much has been said about environmental data sets capable of yielding greater insights into water conservation, irrigation systems, medicinal knowledge and agriculture. It is no secret now that organisations are using various techniques such as algorithms, cloud computing and sentiment analysis to discover new practices that can aid business operations, research projects and inform policymaking. Characterised by the high volume, variety and velocity of data, environmental information from the internet is growing and changing minute by minute. Inadvertently, the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to confirm its grand position in Industry 4.0. Herein, various data types have been revolutionised, helping researchers to see environmental problems in a whole new light.


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Deterding

Gamification in management is currently informed by two contradicting framings or rhetorics: the rhetoric of choice architecture casts humans as rational actors and games as perfect information and incentive dispensers, giving managers fine-grained control over people’s behavior. It aligns with basic tenets of neoclassical economics, scientific management, operations research/management science, and current big data-driven decision making. In contrast, the rhetoric of humanistic design casts humans as growth-oriented and games as environments optimally designed to afford positive, meaningful experiences. This view, fitting humanistic management ideas and the rise of design and customer experience, casts managers as “second order” designers. While both rhetorics highlight important aspects of games and management, the former is more likely to be adopted and absorbed into business as usual, whereas the latter holds more uncertainty, but also transformative potential.


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