Genetic analysis and screening of pyrethroid resistance mutations in Varroa destructor populations from Turkey

Abstract The use of insecticides has been a central approach to control disease-transmitting mosquitoes for the last century. The high prevalence of pyrethroid use as public health insecticides has resulted in the evolution of pyrethroid resistance in many populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), throughout its global distribution range. Insecticide resistance is often correlated with an associated fitness cost. In this project, we studied the phenotypes of hybrid mosquitoes derived from crossing a pyrethroid-resistant strain of Ae. aegypti (Puerto Rico [PR]) with a more susceptible one (Rockefeller [ROCK]). We first sequenced and compared the para gene of both original strains. We then crossed males from one strain with females of the other, creating two hybrids (Puertofeller, Rockorico). We used a Y-tube choice assay to measure the attraction of these strains towards a human host. We then compared the levels of pyrethroid resistance in the different strains. We found three known resistance mutations in the para gene sequence of the PR strain. In our attraction assays, PR females showed lower attraction to humans, than the ROCK females. Both hybrid strains showed strong attraction to a human host. In the insecticide resistance bottle assays, both hybrid strains showed marginal increases in resistance to permethrin compared to the more susceptible ROCK strain. These results suggest that hybrids of sensitive and permethrin-resistant mosquitoes have an incremental advantage compared to more susceptible mosquitoes when challenged with permethrin. This explains the rapid spread of permethrin resistance that was observed many times in the field.

Download Full-text

A new detection method for a newly revealed mechanism of pyrethroid resistance development in Varroa destructor

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-015-4627-4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (11) ◽

pp. 3999-4004 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Aneta Strachecka ◽

Grzegorz Borsuk ◽

Krzysztof Olszewski ◽

Jerzy Paleolog

Keyword(s):

Varroa Destructor ◽

Detection Method ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Resistance Development

Download Full-text

Comparison of the knockdown resistance locus (kdr) in Anopheles stephensi, An. arabiensis, and Culex pipiens s.l. suggests differing mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in east Ethiopia

10.1101/2020.05.13.093898 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tamar E. Carter ◽

Araya Gebresilassie ◽

Shantoy Hansel ◽

Lambodhar Damodaran ◽

Callum Montgomery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Anopheles Stephensi ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Target Site ◽

Resistance Locus ◽

Knockdown Resistance ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Vector Species

AbstractThe malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, which is typically restricted to South Asia and the Middle East, was recently detected in the Horn of Africa. Controlling the spread of this vector could involve integrated vector control that considers the status of insecticide resistance of multiple vector species in the region. Previous reports indicate that the knockdown resistance mutations (kdr) in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) are absent in both pyrethroid resistant and sensitive variants of An. stephensi in east Ethiopia but similar information on other vector species in the same areas is limited. In this study, kdr and the neighboring intron was analyzed in An. stephensi, An. arabiensis, and Culex pipiens s. l. collected in east Ethiopia between 2016 and 2017. Sequence analysis revealed that all of Cx. pipiens s.l. (n = 42) and 71.6% of the An. arabiensis (n=67) carried kdr L1014F known to confer target-site pyrethroid resistance. Intronic variation was only observed in An. stephensi (segregating sites = 6, haplotypes = 3) previously shown to have no kdr mutations. In addition, no evidence of non-neutral evolutionary processes was detected at the An. stephensi kdr intron which further supports target-site mechanism not being a major resistance mechanism in this An. stephensi population. Overall, these results suggest differences in evolved mechanisms of pyrethroid/DDT resistance in populations of vector species from the same region. Variation in insecticide resistance mechanisms in East Ethiopian mosquito vectors highlight possible species or population specific biological factors and distinct environmental exposures that shape their evolution.

Download Full-text

Pyrethroid target-site resistance mutations in populations of the honey bee parasite Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) from Flanders, Belgium

Experimental and Applied Acarology ◽

10.1007/s10493-021-00665-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Spyridon Vlogiannitis ◽

Wim Jonckheere ◽

Dries Laget ◽

Dirk C. de Graaf ◽

John Vontas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Honey Bee ◽

Varroa Destructor ◽

Target Site ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Target Site Resistance

Download Full-text

Analysis of the Knockdown Resistance Locus (kdr) in Anopheles stephensi, An. arabiensis, and Culex pipiens s.l. for Insight Into the Evolution of Target-site Pyrethroid Resistance in Eastern Ethiopia

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.20-1357 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Tamar E. Carter ◽

Araya Gebresilassie ◽

Shantoy Hansel ◽

Lambodhar Damodaran ◽

Callum Montgomery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Culex Pipiens ◽

Anopheles Stephensi ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Target Site ◽

Knockdown Resistance ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Vector Species ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Integrated Vector Control

The malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, which is typically restricted to South Asia and the Middle East, was recently detected in the Horn of Africa. Addressing the spread of this vector could involve integrated vector control that considers the status of insecticide resistance of multiple vector species in the region. Previous reports indicate that the knockdown resistance mutations (kdr) in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) are absent in both pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-sensitive An. stephensi in eastern Ethiopia; however, similar information about other vector species in the same areas is limited. In this study, kdr and the neighboring intron were analyzed in An. stephensi, An. arabiensis, and Culex pipiens s.l. collected between 2016 and 2017 to determine the evolutionary history of kdr in eastern Ethiopia. A sequence analysis revealed that all of Cx. pipiens s.l. (N = 42) and 71.6% of the An. arabiensis (N = 67) carried kdr L1014F, which is known to confer target-site pyrethroid resistance. Intronic variation was only observed in An. stephensi (six segregating sites, three haplotypes), which was previously shown to have no kdr mutations. In addition, no evidence of non-neutral evolutionary processes was detected at the An. stephensi kdr intron, thereby further supporting the target-site mechanism not being a major resistance mechanism in this An. stephensi population. Overall, these results show key differences in the evolution of target-site pyrethroid/dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane resistance mutations in populations of vector species from the same region. Variations in insecticide resistance mechanism profiles between eastern Ethiopian mosquito vectors may lead to different responses to insecticides used in integrated vector control.

Download Full-text

Phenotypic and molecular analysis of insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus populations from Greece

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21133/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sofia Balaska ◽

Emmanouil Alexandros Fotakis ◽

Ilias Kioulos ◽

Linda Grigoraki ◽

Spyridoula Mpellou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Vector Control ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Control Methods ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Control Programs ◽

Southern European Countries

Abstract Background: Aedes albopictus has a well-established presence in southern European countries, associated with recent disease outbreaks (e.g. Chikungunya). Development of insecticide resistance in the vector is a major concern as it’s control mainly relies on the use of biocides. Data on the specie’s resistance status is essential for efficient and sustainable control. Methods: We investigated the insecticide resistance status of several Ae. albopictus populations from Greece. Bioassays were performed against diflubenzuron (DFB), B. thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), deltamethrin and malathion. Molecular analysis of known insecticide resistance loci was performed, i.e. voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance; presence and frequency of carboxylesterases 3 (CCEae3a) and 6 (CCEae6a) gene amplification associated with organophosphate (OP) resistance and; chitin synthase-1 (CHS-1) for the possible presence of DFB resistance mutations. Results: Bioassays showed full susceptibility to DFB, Bti and deltamethrin, but resistance against the OP malathion. VGSC analysis revealed a widespread distribution of mutations F1534C (in all populations, with allelic frequencies between 6.6% - 68.3%), and I1532T (in 6 populations), but absence of V1016G. CCE gene amplifications were recorded in 8 out of 11 populations. Co-presence of mutation F1534C and CCEae3a amplification was reported in a subgroup of samples. No mutations at the CHS locus I1043 were detected. Conclusions: The results indicate: (i) the suitability of larvicides DFB and Bti for Ae. albopictus control in Greece, (ii) a possible incipient pyrethroid resistance due to the presence of kdr mutations and (iii) a possible reduced efficacy of OPs, in a scenario of re-introducing them for vector control. The study highlights the need for systematic resistance monitoring for developing and implementing appropriate evidence-based control programs. Key words: diagnostic, arbovirus, mosquito tiger, insecticide resistance, vector control, Europe

Download Full-text

Bioassay and molecular monitoring of insecticide resistance status in Aedes albopictus populations from Greece, to support evidence-based vector control

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21133/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sofia Balaska ◽

Emmanouil Alexandros Fotakis ◽

Ilias Kioulos ◽

Linda Grigoraki ◽

Spyridoula Mpellou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Vector Control ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Molecular Monitoring ◽

Allelic Frequencies ◽

Control Programs

Abstract Background: Aedes albopictus has a well-established presence in southern European countries, associated with recent disease outbreaks (e.g. Chikungunya). Development of insecticide resistance in the vector is a major concern as its control mainly relies on the use of biocides. Data on the species’ resistance status is essential for efficient and sustainable control. To date the insecticide resistance status of Ae. albopictus populations from Greece against major insecticides used in vector control remains largely unknown. Methods: We investigated the insecticide resistance status of nineteen Ae. albopictus populations from 11 regions of Greece. Bioassays were performed against diflubenzuron (DFB), B. thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), deltamethrin and malathion. Known insecticide resistance loci were molecularly analysed, i.e. voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance; presence and frequency of carboxylesterases 3 (CCEae3a) and 6 (CCEae6a) gene amplification associated with organophosphate (OP) resistance and; chitin synthase-1 (CHS-1) for the possible presence of DFB resistance mutations. Results: Bioassays showed full susceptibility to DFB, Bti and deltamethrin, but resistance against the OP malathion (range of mortality: 55.30-91.40%). VGSC analysis revealed a widespread distribution of mutations F1534C (in all populations, with allelic frequencies between 6.6% - 68.3%), and I1532T (in 6 populations; allelic frequencies below 22.70%), but absence of V1016G. CCE gene amplifications were recorded in 8 out of 11 populations (overall frequency: 33%). Co-presence of mutation F1534C and CCEae3a amplification was reported in 39 of the 156 samples commonly analysed. No mutations at the CHS-1 locus I1043 were detected. Conclusions: The results indicate: (i) the suitability of larvicides DFB and Bti for Ae. albopictus control in Greece, (ii) possible incipient pyrethroid resistance due to the presence of kdr mutations and (iii) possible reduced efficacy of OPs, in a scenario of re-introducing them for vector control. The study highlights the need for systematic resistance monitoring for developing and implementing appropriate evidence-based control programs.

Download Full-text

Detection of Pyrethroid Resistance Mutations in the Major Leishmaniasis Vector Phlebotomus papatasi

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjy066 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanouil A Fotakis ◽

Ioannis A Giantsis ◽

Samiye Demir ◽

John G Vontas ◽

Alexandra Chaskopoulou

Keyword(s):

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽

Resistance Mutations

Download Full-text