Changes in Histophysiology of the Adrenal Medulla in Rats after Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptor DDT

Developmental exposure to persistent endocrine disruptors is of a great concern. Affection of adrenal hormones production by low-dose exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been revealed recently. Objective of the research – investigation of ultrastructural mechanisms of impaired mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid production after prenatal and postnatal exposure to endocrine disruptor DDT. Male Wistar rats exposed to low doses of DDT during prenatal and postnatal development were studied. Aldosterone and corticosterone levels in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histological examination and electron microscopy of the adrenals were performed. Pubertal rats, developmentally exposed to low doses of DDT, demonstrated lowered aldosterone and elevated corticosterone serum levels. After puberty the rats showed tendency to normalization of hormones’ production. Morphological examination of the adrenals revealed less developed zona glomerulosa in pubertal period and its relative hyperplasia after puberty. Microcirculatory disorders and focal cell death were observed in outer zona fasciculata. Electron microscopy of glomerulosa cells found signs of suppressed secretory activity in pubertal period and no significant reduction of mitochondria size in adult rats. Total number of mitochondria in 1 µm2 of cytoplasm and percent of mitochondria with swollen matrix were diminished compared to the control. Cells of inner zona fasciculata demonstrated increased functional activity. Age-dependent changes in fine structure of fasciculata cells were similar to the control, but were more pronounced. In this way, cellular mechanism of impaired mineralocorticoid production in rats prenatally and postnatally exposed to low doses of endocrine disruptor DDT, are insufficient mitochondrion function and impaired reorganization of mitochondrial apparatus, which occurs during pubertal period. Mechanisms of elevated glucocorticoid secretion are attributed to enhanced function of mitochondria in fasciculata cells.

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TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF RAT ADRENAL ZONA GLOMERULOSA POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT EXPOSED TO LOW DOSES OF DDT

New technologies in medicine, biology, pharmacology and ecology ◽

10.47501/978-5-6044060-0-7.09 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sergey Stanislavovich Obernikhin ◽

Nataliya Valentinovna Yaglova ◽

Valentin Vasilyevich Yaglov ◽

Svetlana Vladimirovna Nazimova

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Transcriptional Regulation ◽

Wnt Signaling ◽

Endocrine Disruptor ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

Zona Glomerulosa ◽

Low Doses ◽

Postnatal Exposure ◽

Canonical Wnt

The role of the transcription factor Oct4 and canonical Wnt signaling in the postnatal morphogenesis of the glomerular zone of the adrenal glands of rats under the conditions of pre- and postnatal exposure to low doses of DDT endocrine disruptor was determined.

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Morphological and Cytophysiological Changes in the Adult Rat Adrenal Medulla after Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting DDT

Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine ◽

10.17691/stm2020.12.2.06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

E.P. Timokhina ◽

S.V. Nazimova ◽

D.A. Tsomartova ◽

N.V. Yaglova ◽

S.S. Obernikhin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Medulla ◽

Postnatal Exposure ◽

Adult Rat ◽

Endocrine Disrupting

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Fine Structure of Carotid Body: Normal and Anoxic Cats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100060763 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 150-151

Author(s):

Fadhil Al-Lami ◽

R.G. Murray

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Adrenal Medulla ◽

Carotid Body ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Lead Citrate ◽

Glomus Cells ◽

Sustentacular Cells ◽

Carotid Bodies

Although the fine structure of the carotid body has been described in several recent reports, uncertainties remain, and the morphological effects of anoxia on the carotid body cells of the cat have never been reported. We have, therefore, studied the fine structure of the carotid body both in normal and severely anoxic cats, and to test the specificity of the effects, have compared them with the effects on adrenal medulla, kidney, and liver of the same animals. Carotid bodies of 50 normal and 15 severely anoxic cats (9% oxygen in nitrogen) were studied. Glutaraldehyde followed by OsO4 fixations, Epon 812 embedding, and uranyl acetate and lead citrate staining, were the technics employed.We have called the two types of glomus cells enclosed and enclosing cells. They correspond to those previously designated as chemoreceptor and sustentacular cells respectively (1). The enclosed cells forming the vast majority, are irregular in shape with many processes and occasional peripheral densities (Fig. 1).

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Immunogold labeling of the calcium binding protein synexin in isolated adrenal chromaffin granules and chromaffin cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100162326 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 952-953

Author(s):

Gemma A.J. Kuijpers ◽

Harvey B. Pollard

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Medulla ◽

Calcium Binding ◽

Chromaffin Cells ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Structural Information ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Chromaffin Granules ◽

Immuno Electron Microscopy ◽

Ultrathin Sections ◽

Adrenal Chromaffin

Exocytotic fusion of granules in the adrenal medulla chromaffin cell is triggered by a rise in the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ upon cell activation. The protein synexin, annexin VII, was originally found in the adrenal medulla and has been shown to cause aggregation and to support fusion of chromaffin granules in a Ca2+-dependent manner. We have previously suggested that synexin may there fore play a role in the exocytotic fusion process. In order to obtain more structural information on synexin, we performed immuno-electron microscopy on frozen ultrathin sections of both isolated chromaffin granules and chromaffin cells.Chromaffin granules were isolated from bovine adrenal medulla, and synexin was isolated from bovine lung. Granules were incubated in the presence or absence of synexin (24 μg per mg granule protein) and Ca2+ (1 mM), which induces maximal granule aggregation, in 0.3M sucrose-40m MMES buffer(pH 6.0). Granules were pelleted, washed twice in buffer without synexin and fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde- 2% para formaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (GA/PFA) for 30 min. Chromaffin cells were isolated and cultured for 3-5 days, and washed and incubated in Krebs solution with or without 20 uM nicotine. Cells were fixed 90 sec after on set of stimulation with GA/PFA for 30 min. Fixed granule or cell pellets were washed, infiltrated with 2.3 M sucrose in PBS, mounted and frozen in liquid N2.

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