Biological control of postharvest blue mold of oranges by Cryptococcus laurentii (Kufferath) Skinner

Cryptococcus laurentii is a well-known postharvest biocontrol yeast; however, it cannot provide satisfactory levels of decay control when used alone. Here, we evaluated the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a plant growth regulator, on the biocontrol efficacy of the yeast antagonist C. laurentii against blue mold rot caused by Penicillium expansum in apple fruit. Results showed that the addition of IAA at 20 μg/ml to suspensions of C. laurentii greatly enhanced inhibition of mold rot in apple wounds compared with that observed with C. laurentii alone. The addition of IAA at 20 μg/ml or lower did not influence the population growth of C. laurentii in wounds, but adverse effects were seen on C. laurentii when the concentration of IAA was increased to 200 μg/ml or above in vitro and in vivo. P. expansum infection in apple wounds was not inhibited when the pathogen was inoculated into the fruit wounds within 2 h after application of IAA; however, infection was reduced when inoculated more than 12 h after IAA application. Treatment of wounds with IAA at 20 μg/ml 24 h before pathogen inoculation resulted in significant inhibition of P. expansum spore germination and host infection. Application of IAA at 20 μg/ml also reduced P. expansum infection when it was applied 48 h before pathogen inoculation in the intact fruit. Thus, IAA could reinforce the biocontrol efficacy of C. laurentii in inhibiting blue mold of apple fruit by induction of the natural resistance of the fruit.

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Biological control of postharvest diseases of peach with Cryptococcus laurentii

Food Control ◽

10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.10.007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 287-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Hongyin Zhang ◽

Xiaodong Zheng ◽

Ting Yu

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽

Postharvest Diseases

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Caracterización de levadurasDebaryomyces hanseniipara el control biológico de la podredumbre azul del limón mexicano Characterization of yeastDebaryomyces hanseniifor the biological control of blue mold decay of Mexican lemon

CyTA - Journal of Food ◽

10.1080/19476330903080592 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

L. G. Hernández-Montiel ◽

C. P. Larralde-Corona ◽

S. Vero ◽

M. G. López-Aburto ◽

J. L. Ochoa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Blue Mold

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Biological control of apple blue mold withPseudomonas fluorescens

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w05-039 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (7) ◽

pp. 591-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Hassan-Reza Etebarian ◽

Peter L Sholberg ◽

Kenneth C Eastwell ◽

Ronald J Sayler

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Major Effect ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Postharvest Disease ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Blue Mold ◽

Iron Chelate ◽

Penicillium Spp

Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate 1100-6 was evaluated as a potential biological control agent for apple blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum or Penicillium solitum. Both the wild-type isolate 1100-6 and a genetically modified derivative labeled with the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) were compared. The P. fluorescens isolates with or without GFP equally reduced the growth of Penicillium spp. and produced large zones of inhibition in dual culture plate assays. Cell-free metabolites produced by the bacterial antagonists reduced the colony area of Penicillium isolates by 17.3% to 78.5%. The effect of iron chelate on the antagonistic potential of P. fluorescens was also studied. The use of iron chelate did not have a major effect on the antagonistic activity of P. fluorescens. With or without GFP, P. fluorescens significantly reduced the severity and incidence of apple decay by 2 P. expansum isolates after 11 d at 20 °C and by P. expansum and P. solitum after 25 d at 5 °C when the biocontrol agents were applied in wounds 24 or 48 h before challenging with Penicillium spp. Populations of P. fluorescens labeled with the GFP were determined 1, 9, 14, and 20 d after inoculation at 5 °C. The log CFU/mL per wound increased from 6.95 at the time of inoculation to 9.12 CFU/mL (P < 0.05) 25 d after inoculation at 5 °C. The GFP strain did not appear to penetrate deeply into wounds based on digital photographs taken with an inverted fluorescence microscope. These results indicate that P. fluorescens isolate 1100-6 could be an important new biological control for apple blue mold.Key words: Penicillium expansum, P. solitum, postharvest disease, Malus, GFP.

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Control of Postharvest Decay in Pear by Four Laboratory-Grown Yeasts and Two Registered Biocontrol Products

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1999.83.2.155 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 155-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

David Sugar ◽

Robert A. Spotts

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

First Year ◽

Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽

Blue Mold ◽

Lesion Diameter ◽

Candida Oleophila ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Second Year

Control of blue mold decay in Bosc pears was studied with the laboratory-grown yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis, Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatus, and two strains of Cryptococcus laurentii, as well as registered biocontrol products Aspire, containing the yeast Candida oleophila, and Bio-Save 11 (now Bio-Save 110), containing the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Both thiabendazole (TBZ)-sensitive and TBZ-resistant strains of Penicillium expansum were used. Aspire treatment reduced the average lesion diameter by approximately 65 and 45%, and reduced decay incidence by 27 and 9% with TBZ-resistant and TBZ-sensitive P. expansum, respectively, in the first year of the study, but did not result in significant decay control in the second year. Bio-Save 11 reduced decay lesion diameter by 32 to 72% and incidence by 21 to 40% over the 2 years. In both years, TBZ-sensitive P. expansum was completely controlled by the combination of either C. laurentii (both strains), R. glutinis, or C. infirmo-miniatus with 100 ppm TBZ. With TBZ-resistant P. expansum, control of wound infection with these yeasts alone or with 100 ppm TBZ ranged from 62.9 to 100%. In a packinghouse trial, control by Bio-Save 110 + 100 ppm TBZ and Aspire + 100 ppm TBZ was not different than control by TBZ at 569 ppm, the maximum label rate. The amount of decay following Aspire + 100 ppm TBZ treatment was significantly less than the amount of decay following Bio-Save 110 + 100 ppm TBZ treatment.

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