scholarly journals Federal legal authorities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhoset Burgos-Rodríguez ◽  
Stanley W. Burgiel
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
The Us ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
Subnational Governance

AbstractThe ability of federal agencies to carry out actions or programs is based on their legal authorities. Efforts to improve federal capacities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) require careful delineation of legal authorities, regulations, and policies that would enable or limit EDRR. Building on information provided by federal agencies and an inspection of the US Code and the Code of Federal Regulations, we review and identify relevant authorities to determine federal legal capacities, gaps, and inconsistencies to address EDRR. The EDRR process can be examined in the context of four categories, including (1) explicit invasive species authorities, (2) emergency authorities that could be triggered during a crisis or serve as models for enhanced invasive species EDRR authorities, (3) supporting authorities that could be used under agency discretion, and (4) constraining authorities and legal requirements. Although the Plant Protection Act and the Animal Health Protection Act are comprehensive authorities that address the detection of and response to organisms that threaten plant and livestock health, there is no single authority that encompasses EDRR for all invasive species. Rather, there is a patchwork of authorities that unevenly addresses various aspects of EDRR. In addition to gaps in authority, EDRR efforts could be constrained by environmental compliance, as well as subnational governance and private rights. Although some of these gaps could be closed through legislation, others need to be addressed using the discretionary power of federal agencies and their ability to establish cooperation mechanisms with private and subnational entities.

scholarly journals Technology innovation: advancing capacities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Martinez ◽  
Jamie K. Reaser ◽  
Alex Dehgan ◽  
Brad Zamft ◽  
David Baisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe 2016–2018National Invasive Species Council (NISC) Management Plan and Executive Order 13751 call for US federal agencies to foster technology development and application to address invasive species and their impacts. This paper complements and draws on an Innovation Summit, review of advanced biotechnologies applicable to invasive species management, and a survey of federal agencies that respond to these high-level directives. We provide an assessment of federal government capacities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) through advances in technology application; examples of emerging technologies for the detection, identification, reporting, and response to invasive species; and guidance for fostering further advancements in applicable technologies. Throughout the paper, we provide examples of how federal agencies are applying technologies to improve programmatic effectiveness and cost-efficiencies. We also highlight the outstanding technology-related needs identified by federal agencies to overcome barriers to enacting EDRR. Examples include improvements in research facility infrastructure, data mobilization across a wide range of invasive species parameters (from genetic to landscape scales), promotion of and support for filling key gaps in technological capacity (e.g., portable, field-ready devices with automated capacities), and greater investments in technology prizes and challenge competitions.

scholarly journals The early detection of and rapid response (EDRR) to invasive species: a conceptual framework and federal capacities assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie K. Reaser ◽  
Stanley W. Burgiel ◽  
Jason Kirkey ◽  
Kelsey A. Brantley ◽  
Sarah D. Veatch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGlobalization necessitates that we address the negative externalities of international trade and transport, including biological invasion. The US government defines invasive species to mean, “with regard to a particular ecosystem, a non-native organism whose introduction causes, or is likely to cause, economic or environmental harm, or harm to human, animal, or plant health.” Here we address the role of early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) in minimizing the impact of invasive species on US interests. We provide a review of EDRR’s usage as a federal policy and planning term, introduce a new conceptual framework for EDRR, and assess US federal capacities for enacting well-coordinated EDRR. Developing a national EDRR program is a worthwhile goal; our assessment nonetheless indicates that the federal government and its partners need to overcome substantial conceptual, institutional, and operational challenges that include establishing clear and consistent terminology use, strategically identifying and communicating agency functions, improving interagency budgeting, facilitating the application of emerging technologies and other resources to support EDRR, and making information relevant to EDRR preparedness and implementation more readily accessible. This paper is the first in a special issue of Biological Invasions that includes 12 complementary papers intended to inform the development and implementation of a national EDRR program.

scholarly journals Instituting a national early detection and rapid response program: needs for building federal risk screening capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Marshall Meyers ◽  
Jamie K. Reaser ◽  
Michael H. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Risk Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
The Us

AbstractThe invasive species issue is inherently a matter of risk; what is the risk that an invasive species will adversely impact valued assets? The early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) requires that an assessment of risk is conducted as rapidly as possible. We define risk screening as rapid characterization of the types and degree of risks posed by a population of non-native species in a particular spatio-temporal context. Risk screening is used to evaluate the degree to which various response measures are warranted and justifiable. In this paper, we evaluate the US government’s risk screening programs with a view towards advancing national EDRR capacity. Our survey-based findings, consistent with prior analyses, indicate that risk evaluation by federal agencies has largely been a reactive, ad hoc process, and there is a need to improve information sharing, risk evaluation tools, and staff capacity for risk screening. We provide an overview of the US Department of Agriculture’s Tiered Weed Risk Evaluation and US Fish and Wildlife Service’s Ecological Risk Screening Summaries, two relatively new approaches to invasive species risk screening that hold promise as the basis for future work. We emphasize the need for a clearinghouse of risk evaluation protocols, tools, completed assessments and associated information; development of performance metrics and standardized protocols for risk screening; as well as support for complementary, science-based tools to facilitate and validate risk screening.

scholarly journals Federal legal authorities: guidance for application to the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhoset Burgos-Rodríguez ◽  
Stanley W. Burgiel
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Federal Agency ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Link Type

AbstractFederal agency programs and associated actions are contingent on having the legal authority to act. There is no single authority established to direct the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR). Rather, a patchwork of authorities unevenly addresses various aspects of the suite of EDRR measures. To support the development of national EDRR capacity, it is essential to delineate the federal legal statutes, regulations, and policies that enable or limit invasive species EDRR. Here we set forth general principles and a checklist of actions that agencies can refer to when they construct a more comprehensive EDRR legal and policy framework for addressing invasive species. This guidance is intended to complement the review and analysis of federal authorities contained elsewhere in this issue (Burgos-Rodríguez and Burgiel in Biol Invasions. 10.1007/s10530-019-02148-w, 2019, this issue).

Using a Novel Spatial Tool to Inform Invasive Species Early Detection and Rapid Response Efforts

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha D. Davidson ◽  
Abigail J. Fusaro ◽  
Donna R. Kashian
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Rapid Response

scholarly journals Rapid responses against invasive species on islands: lessons from the introduced Barbary ground squirrel Atlantoxerus getulus in the Canary Islands

Oryx ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix M. Medina ◽  
Marta López-Darias ◽  
Julien C. Piquet
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Island Ecosystems ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Invasive Species Control ◽  
Rapid Responses

AbstractDespite efforts to combat invasive species, further measures are still required to prevent their arrival and translocation, especially into biodiverse island ecosystems. Although many governments worldwide have already established protocols to control alien species, the European outermost regions have yet to implement fully effective prevention or rapid response procedures. The numerous translocations of the invasive Barbary ground squirrel Atlantoxerus getulus within the Canary Islands illustrate this problem. From 1996 to 2016 at least 2.1 individuals per year have been moved from Fuerteventura to other islands. If movements of these medium-sized vertebrates are taking place regularly, the number of smaller species transported within the archipelago could potentially be greater. We argue that it is essential to implement stricter strategies for invasive species control in these remote biodiversity-rich islands, including early detection and rapid response, to minimize impacts on native biodiversity.

Invasive species information networks: collaboration at multiple scales for prevention, early detection, and rapid response to invasive alien species

Biodiversity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Simpson ◽  
Catherine Jarnevich ◽  
John Madsen ◽  
Randy Westbrooks ◽  
Christine Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Information Networks

scholarly journals Putting a federal capacities assessment to work: blueprint for a national program for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie K. Reaser
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
National Security ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
American People ◽  
National Program ◽  
Policies And Programs

AbstractThis paper responds to national policy directives intended to improve the US government’s capacity to protect national security from the adverse impacts of invasive species. It is the final, synthesizing contribution to a Special Issue of Biological Invasions comprising 12 papers that collectively inform the development and implementation of a national program for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR). The blueprint sets forth policies, goals, and actions to be taken by relevant Executive Branch agencies and components of the Executive Office of the President to develop a national EDRR program, appropriations permitting. It is designed to function as guidance for advancing federal policy through Presidential, Secretarial, and/or Congressional directives. Those committed to protecting national security, the economy, and the well-being of American people are forewarned that our ability to establish a national EDRR program is undermined by the diminishment of the federal workforce; institutional structures, policies, and programs; and directly applicable leadership mechanisms, including the National Invasive Species Council, Invasive Species Advisory Committee, and their managerial Secretariat.

scholarly journals Invasive species watch lists: guidance for development, communication, and application

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie K. Reaser ◽  
Mark Frey ◽  
N. Marshall Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Development Communication ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Watch List

AbstractA watch list is a list of invasive species to be prioritized for surveillance, reporting, and other possible responses in order to reduce the risk of impact to valued assets. Watch lists are basic, yet multi-functional tools for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species. There is, however, a need to substantially improve watch list standardization, accessibility, and associated communication strategies. We provide guidance to achieve these aims, including an overview of guiding principles and a list of questions to consider when one develops, communicates, and applies invasive species watch lists. Our guidance is intended to support invasive species watch lists development and application globally.

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