Provision of ecosystem services by large scale corridors and ecological networks

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2949-2962 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Samways ◽  
C. S. Bazelet ◽  
J. S. Pryke
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Networks

Dryland Degradation and Expansion: Implications for Mexican Policies from the Earth System Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lopez Porras
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
The Earth

Despite international efforts to stop dryland degradation and expansion, current dryland pathways are predicted to result in large-scale migration, growing poverty and famine, and increasing climate change, land degradation, conflicts and water scarcity. Earth system science has played a key role in analysing dryland problems, and has been even incorporated in global assessments such as the ones made by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. However, policies addressing dryland degradation, like the ‘Mexican programme for the promotion of sustainable land management’, do not embrace an Earth system perspective, so they do not consider the complexity and non-linearity that underlie dryland problems. By exploring how this Mexican programme could integrate the Earth system perspective, this paper discusses how ’Earth system’ policies could better address dryland degradation and expansion in the Anthropocene.

Vulnerability and Importance of Arctic Wetlands as large-scale nature-based solutions for Sustainability in a Changing Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisie Kåresdotter ◽  
Zahra Kalantari
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Arctic Wetlands

<p>Wetlands as large-scale nature-based solutions (NBS) provide multiple ecosystem services of local, regional, and global importance. Knowledge concerning location and vulnerability of wetlands, specifically in the Arctic, is vital to understand and assess the current status and future potential changes in the Arctic. Using available high-resolution wetland databases together with datasets on soil wetness and soil types, we created the first high-resolution map with full coverage of Arctic wetlands. Arctic wetlands' vulnerability is assessed for the years 2050, 2075, and 2100 by utilizing datasets of permafrost extent and projected mean annual average temperature from HadGEM2-ES climate model outputs for three change scenarios (RCP2.6, 4.5, and 8.5). With approximately 25% of Arctic landmass covered with wetlands and 99% being in permafrost areas, Arctic wetlands are highly vulnerable to changes in all scenarios, apart from RCP2.6 where wetlands remain largely stable. Climate change threatens Arctic wetlands and can impact wetland functions and services. These changes can adversely affect the multiple services this sort of NBS can provide in terms of great social, economic, and environmental benefits to human beings. Consequently, negative changes in Arctic wetland ecosystems can escalate land-use conflicts resulting from natural capital exploitation when new areas become more accessible for use. Limiting changes to Arctic wetlands can help maintain their ecosystem services and limit societal challenges arising from thawing permafrost wetlands, especially for indigenous populations dependent on their ecosystem services. This study highlights areas subject to changes and provides useful information to better plan for a sustainable and social-ecological resilient Arctic.</p><p>Keywords: Arctic wetlands, permafrost thaw, regime shift vulnerability, climate projection</p>

scholarly journals LANDSCAPE DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT: CASE STUDY OF TEHRAN AND HIS KAN RIVER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilda Vagge ◽  
◽  
Gioia Maddalena Gibelli ◽  
Alessio Gosetti Poli ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design For Sustainability ◽  
Holistic Method

The authors, with the awareness that climate change affects and changes the landscape, wanted to investigate how these changes are occurring within the metropolitan area of Tehran. Trying to keep a holistic method that embraces different disciplines, reasoning from large scale to small scale, the authors tried to study the main problems related to water scarcity and loss of green spaces. Subsequently they dedicated themselves to the identification of the present and missing ecosystem services, so that they could be used in the best possible way as tools for subsequent design choices. From the analysis obtained, the authors have created a masterplan with the desire to ensure a specific natural capital, the welfare of ecosystem services, and at the same time suggest good water management practices. It becomes essential to add an ecological accounting to the economic accounting, giving dignity to the natural system and the ecosystem services that derive from it.

Large scale biotic damage impacts on forest ecosystem services

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 741-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalesh Dhar ◽  
Lael Parrott ◽  
Scott Heckbert
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services

scholarly journals Subjective well-being indicators for large-scale assessment of cultural ecosystem services

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 258-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Bryce ◽  
Katherine N. Irvine ◽  
Andrew Church ◽  
Robert Fish ◽  
Sue Ranger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment

scholarly journals Avoiding impacts on biodiversity through strengthening the first stage of the mitigation hierarchy

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Phalan ◽  
Genevieve Hayes ◽  
Sharon Brooks ◽  
David Marsh ◽  
Pippa Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
Mitigation Hierarchy ◽  
Conservation Organizations

AbstractThe mitigation hierarchy is a decision-making framework designed to address impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services through first seeking to avoid impacts wherever possible, then minimizing or restoring impacts, and finally by offsetting any unavoidable impacts. Avoiding impacts is seen by many as the most certain and effective way of managing harm to biodiversity, and its position as the first stage of the mitigation hierarchy indicates that it should be prioritized ahead of other stages. However, despite an abundance of legislative and voluntary requirements, there is often a failure to avoid impacts. We discuss reasons for this failure and outline some possible solutions. We highlight the key roles that can be played by conservation organizations in cultivating political will, holding decision makers accountable to the law, improving the processes of impact assessment and avoidance, building capacity, and providing technical knowledge. A renewed focus on impact avoidance as the foundation of the mitigation hierarchy could help to limit the impacts on biodiversity of large-scale developments in energy, infrastructure, agriculture and other sectors.

Monitoring Soil Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services by Using Large-Scale Survey Data

2015 ◽  
pp. 127-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan M. Keith ◽  
Robert I. Griffiths ◽  
Peter A. Henrys ◽  
Steve Hughes ◽  
Inma Lebron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Large Scale Survey

scholarly journals Valuation of Wetland Ecosystem Services in National Nature Reserves in China’s Coastal Zones

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
Xiubo Yu ◽  
Xiyong Hou ◽  
Yubin Liu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Literature Database ◽  
National Nature Reserves ◽  
Wetland Types

Wetlands provide ecosystem services for regional development, and, thus, have considerable economic value. In this study, a combination of evaluation methods was carried out to evaluate the wetland ecosystem services provided by national nature reserves in 11 coastal provinces/municipalities in China. We constructed a literature database containing 808 observations (over 170 papers) on field-scale research for wetlands in China’s coastal zones. Using this literature database, as well as land use (LU) data, net primary productivity (NPP), and statistical data, and digital elevation model (DEM) data, we established a valuation framework and database for nine important ecosystem services of the 13 wetland types in the study area. After the large-scale academic literature review, the ordinary kriging offered by Geostatistical Analyst tools was used to interpolate the physical dimensions of the unmeasured locations. The results showed that: 1) the wetland ecosystem services in 35 national nature reserves have a total value of 33.168 billion USD/year; 2) the values of wetland ecosystem services revealed considerable spatial variability along China’s coastal zones; and 3) assessments provide additional insights into the trade-offs between different ecosystem services and wetland types. The valuation framework and database established in this study can contribute to the mapping of wetland ecosystem services in coastal zones.

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