scholarly journals “Plis de passage” Deserve a Role in Models of the Cortical Folding Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Mangin ◽  
Yann Le Guen ◽  
Nicole Labra ◽  
Antoine Grigis ◽  
Vincent Frouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Models ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Central Sulcus ◽  
Brain Topography ◽  
Folding Process ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Abstract Cortical folding is a hallmark of brain topography whose variability across individuals remains a puzzle. In this paper, we call for an effort to improve our understanding of the pli de passage phenomenon, namely annectant gyri buried in the depth of the main sulci. We suggest that plis de passage could become an interesting benchmark for models of the cortical folding process. As an illustration, we speculate on the link between modern biological models of cortical folding and the development of the Pli de Passage Frontal Moyen (PPFM) in the middle of the central sulcus. For this purpose, we have detected nine interrupted central sulci in the Human Connectome Project dataset, which are used to explore the organization of the hand sensorimotor areas in this rare configuration of the PPFM.

scholarly journals The Heritability of Cortical Folding: Evidence from the Human Connectome Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 702-715
Author(s):  
J Eric Schmitt ◽  
Armin Raznahan ◽  
Siyuan Liu ◽  
Michael C Neale
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mean Curvature ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Large N ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Surface Metrics ◽  
Permutation Analysis ◽  
Sulcal Depth

Abstract The mechanisms underlying cortical folding are incompletely understood. Prior studies have suggested that individual differences in sulcal depth are genetically mediated, with deeper and ontologically older sulci more heritable than others. In this study, we examine FreeSurfer-derived estimates of average convexity and mean curvature as proxy measures of cortical folding patterns using a large (N = 1096) genetically informative young adult subsample of the Human Connectome Project. Both measures were significantly heritable near major sulci and primary fissures, where approximately half of individual differences could be attributed to genetic factors. Genetic influences near higher order gyri and sulci were substantially lower and largely nonsignificant. Spatial permutation analysis found that heritability patterns were significantly anticorrelated to maps of evolutionary and neurodevelopmental expansion. We also found strong phenotypic correlations between average convexity, curvature, and several common surface metrics (cortical thickness, surface area, and cortical myelination). However, quantitative genetic models suggest that correlations between these metrics are largely driven by nongenetic factors. These findings not only further our understanding of the neurobiology of gyrification, but have pragmatic implications for the interpretation of heritability maps based on automated surface-based measurements.

scholarly journals Mapping the Early Cortical Folding Process in the Preterm Newborn Brain

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1444-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Dubois ◽  
M Benders ◽  
A Cachia ◽  
F Lazeyras ◽  
R Ha-Vinh Leuchter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Newborn ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Folding Process ◽  
Newborn Brain

scholarly journals Individual Cortical Entropy Profile: Test–Retest Reliability, Predictive Power for Cognitive Ability, and Neuroanatomical Foundation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mianxin Liu ◽  
Xinyang Liu ◽  
Andrea Hildebrandt ◽  
Changsong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract The entropy profiles of cortical activity have become novel perspectives to investigate individual differences in behavior. However, previous studies have neglected foundational aspects of individual entropy profiles, that is, the test–retest reliability, the predictive power for cognitive ability in out-of-sample data, and the underlying neuroanatomical basis. We explored these issues in a large young healthy adult dataset (Human Connectome Project, N = 998). We showed the whole cortical entropy profile from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging is a robust personalized measure, while subsystem profiles exhibited heterogeneous reliabilities. The limbic network exhibited lowest reliability. We tested the out-of-sample predictive power for general and specific cognitive abilities based on reliable cortical entropy profiles. The default mode and visual networks are most crucial when predicting general cognitive ability. We investigated the anatomical features underlying cross-region and cross-individual variations in cortical entropy profiles. Cortical thickness and structural connectivity explained spatial variations in the group-averaged entropy profile. Cortical folding and myelination in the attention and frontoparietal networks determined predominantly individual cortical entropy profile. This study lays foundations for brain-entropy-based studies on individual differences to understand cognitive ability and related pathologies. These findings broaden our understanding of the associations between neural structures, functional dynamics, and cognitive ability.

scholarly journals Genetic Influence on the Sulcal Pits: On the Origin of the First Cortical Folds

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1922-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Le Guen ◽  
Guillaume Auzias ◽  
François Leroy ◽  
Marion Noulhiane ◽  
Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Symmetric Pattern ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Pit Depth

Abstract The influence of genes on cortical structures has been assessed through various phenotypes. The sulcal pits, which are the putative first cortical folds, have for long been assumed to be under tight genetic control, but this was never quantified. We estimated the pit depth heritability in various brain regions using the high quality and large sample size of the Human Connectome Project pedigree cohort. Analysis of additive genetic variance indicated that their heritability ranges between 0.2 and 0.5 and displays a regional genetic control with an overall symmetric pattern between hemispheres. However, a noticeable asymmetry of heritability estimates is observed in the superior temporal sulcus and could thus be related to language lateralization. The heritability range estimated in this study reinforces the idea that cortical shape is determined primarily by nongenetic factors, which is consistent with the important increase of cortical folding from birth to adult life and thus predominantly constrained by environmental factors. Nevertheless, the genetic cues, implicated with various local levels of heritability in the formation of sulcal pits, play a fundamental role in the normal gyral pattern development. Quantifying their influence and identifying the underlying genetic variants would provide insight into neurodevelopmental disorders.

Lifestyle risk and cortical folding of older adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (08/09) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Bittner ◽  
C Jockwitz ◽  
S Moebus ◽  
N Pundt ◽  
UJ Bayen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

Toward a Neural Model of the Openness-Psychoticism Dimension: Functional Connectivity in the Default and Frontoparietal Control Networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Blain ◽  
Rachael Grazioplene ◽  
Yizhou Ma ◽  
Colin G. DeYoung
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Intrinsic Connectivity Networks ◽  
Personality Psychopathology

Psychosis proneness has been linked to heightened Openness to Experience and to cognitive deficits. Openness and psychotic disorders are associated with the default and frontoparietal networks, and the latter network is also robustly associated with intelligence. We tested the hypothesis that functional connectivity of the default and frontoparietal networks is a neural correlate of the openness-psychoticism dimension. Participants in the Human Connectome Project (N = 1003) completed measures of psychoticism, openness, and intelligence. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify intrinsic connectivity networks. Structural equation modeling revealed relations among personality, intelligence, and network coherence. Psychoticism, openness, and especially their shared variance, were related positively to default network coherence and negatively to frontoparietal coherence. These associations remained after controlling for intelligence. Intelligence was positively related to frontoparietal coherence. Research suggests psychoticism and openness are linked in part through their association with connectivity in networks involving experiential simulation and cognitive control. We propose a model of psychosis risk that highlights roles of the default and frontoparietal networks. Findings echo research on functional connectivity in psychosis patients, suggesting shared mechanisms across the personality-psychopathology continuum.

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