Experimental bone defect healing with xenogenic demineralized bone matrix and bovine fetal growth plate as a new xenograft: radiological, histopathological and biomechanical evaluation

Abstract Background: Caprine species satisfy the conditions of an ideal donor animal when compared to bovine species that has been extensively studied and commercialized for bone xenograft. Histopathological and radiological evaluations of caprine demineralized bone matrix (CDBM) were therefore carried out for fracture healing properties for its possible use in bone grafting procedures. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rabbits were used for this study and were divided randomly into three groups of eight (n=8) rabbits each. Critical bone defect was created on the ulnar diaphysis under xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia for autogenous bone graft (ABG) group, CDBM group and the last group was left unfilled as negative control (NC). Immediate post-grafting radiograph was taken and repeated on days 14, 28, 42 and 56 to monitor the evidence of radiographic healing. The animals were euthanized on day 56 and defect sites were harvested for histopathology. Results: There was a progressive evidence of radiographic healing and bone formation in all the groups with significance difference (P=0.0064). When compared with ABG, NC differ significantly (P<0.0001) whereas the CDBM did not differ significantly (P=0.6765). The histopathology sections of ABG and CDBM showed normal bone tissue while the NC section was predominated by fibrous connective tissue. There was therefore an overall significant difference (P=0.0001) in which CDBM did not differ from ABG (P=0.2946) while NC did (P=0.0005). Conclusion: The ABG and CDBM groups showed a similar healing effect in the critical bone defect. Therefore, CDBM could be used as an effective alternative to ABG in orthopaedics to circumvent the limitations and complications associated with it. Level of Evidence: Not applicable.

Download Full-text

Osteoclast-Derived Extracellular miR-106a-5p Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Facilitates Bone Defect Healing

10.21203/rs.3.rs-940184/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yutong Wu ◽

Hongbo Ai ◽

Yuchi Zou ◽

Jianzhong Xu

Keyword(s):

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Signal Molecules ◽

Calvarial Defect ◽

Communication Mode ◽

Defect Healing ◽

Bone Defect Healing ◽

Intercellular Communications

Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are considered to play critical roles in intercellular communications during normal and pathological processes since they are enriched with miRNAs and other signal molecules. In bone remodeling, osteoclasts generate large amounts of sEVs. However, there is very little research about whether and how osteoclast-derived sEVs (OC-sEVs) affect surrounding cells. In our study, microarray analysis identified miR-106a-5p highly enriched in OC-sEV. Further experiments confirmed that OC-sEVs inhibited Fam134a through miR-106a-5p and significantly promoted bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic mineralization in vitro. Next, we prepared sEV-modified demineralized bone matrix (DBM) as a repair scaffold, and used a calvarial defect mouse model to evaluate the pro-osteogenic activities of the scaffold. In vivo result indicated DBM modified with miR-106a-5p-sEVs showed an enhanced capacity of bone regeneration. This important finding further emphasizes that sEV-mediated miR-106a-5p transfer play critical roles in osteogenesis and indicate a novel communication mode between osteoclasts and BMSCs.

Download Full-text

Characterization of Bone Defect Repair in Young and Aged Rat Femur Induced by Xenogenic Demineralized Bone Matrix

Journal of Periodontology ◽

10.1902/jop.2002.73.9.1003 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 73 (9) ◽

pp. 1003-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Paola Torricelli ◽

Milena Fini ◽

Gianluca Giavaresi ◽

Lia Rimondini ◽

Roberto Giardino

Keyword(s):

Bone Defect ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Rat Femur ◽

Aged Rat ◽

Bone Defect Repair ◽

Defect Repair ◽

Demineralized Bone

Download Full-text

Comparative Effectiveness of Bone Grafting Using Xenograft Freeze-Dried Cortical Bovine, Allograft Freeze-Dried Cortical New Zealand White Rabbit, Xenograft Hydroxyapatite Bovine, and Xenograft Demineralized Bone Matrix Bovine in Bone Defect of Femoral Diaphysis of White Rabbit: Experimental Study In Vivo

International Journal of Biomaterials ◽

10.1155/2017/7571523 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ferdiansyah Mahyudin ◽

Dwikora Novembri Utomo ◽

Heri Suroto ◽

Tri Wahyu Martanto ◽

Mouli Edward ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Zealand White Rabbit ◽

Femoral Diaphysis ◽

New Zealand White Rabbit ◽

Woven Bone ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Demineralized Bone

Autogenous bone graft is gold standard in treating bone defects, but it might have difficulty in corporation and rejection reaction. This study is to compare the effectiveness among freeze-dried xenograft, freeze-dried allograft, hydroxyapatite xenograft, and demineralized bone matrix xenograft as bone graft to fill bone defect in femoral diaphysis of white rabbit. Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were distributed into five groups. Bone defect was filled correspondingly with xenograft freeze-dried cortical bovine, allograft freeze-dried cortical New Zealand white rabbit, xenograft hydroxyapatite bovine, and xenograft demineralized bone matrix bovine. No graft was used in control group. VEGF, osteoblast, and woven bone were higher in allograft freeze-dried cortical New Zealand white rabbit (mean 5.6625 (p<0.05)) and xenograft demineralized bone matrix bovine (mean 5.2475 (p<0.05)) with calcification of woven bone was already seen in week 2 in the latter group. There was a decrease of woven bone (mean 4.685 (p<0.05)) fibrous tissue (mean 41.07 (p<0.05)) in xenograft demineralized bone matrix bovine. The Immunoglobulin-G was elevated in control and all study groups but not significantly (p=0.07855). Bone healing process in xenograft demineralized bone matrix bovine is more effective than in xenograft hydroxyapatite bovine, allograft freeze-dried New Zealand white rabbit, xenograft freeze-dried cortical bovine, and control.

Download Full-text

Immunogenicity of Bone Graft Using Xenograft Freeze-Dried Cortical Bovine, Allograft Freeze-Dried Cortical New Zealand White Rabbit, Xenograft Hydroxyapatite Bovine, And Xenograft Demineralized Bone Matrix Bovine In Bone Defect Of Femoral Diaphysis White Rabbit Experimental Study In Vivo

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v3i6.1143 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 344 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ferdiansyah Ferdiansyah ◽

Dwikora Novembri Utomo ◽

Heri Suroto

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Zealand White Rabbit ◽

Femoral Diaphysis ◽

Autogenous Bone ◽

Rejection Reaction ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Demineralized Bone

Bone defect remains a big challenge for orthopedic surgeon. Bone grafting nowadays become the second common transplantation after blood transfusion. Autogenous bone graft is the gold standard in treatment of bone defect, but it’s source limitation and donor site morbidity makes some surgeon were looking for allograft or xenograft. There are some issues with allo- and xenograft about difficulty in corporation and rejection reaction. This study explores the immunogenicity of allograft and xenograft. Keyword : freeze-dried xenograft, freeze-dried allograft, hydroxyapatite xenograft, demineralized bone matrix xenograft.

Download Full-text

Repair of Bone Defect Using Bone Marrow Cells and Demineralized Bone Matrix Supplemented with Polymeric Materials

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/157488810790442831 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Basan Gowda Kurkalli ◽

Olga Gurevitch ◽

Alejandro Sosnik ◽

Daniel Cohn ◽

Shimon Slavin

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Marrow Cells ◽

Demineralized Bone

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets Overexpressing BMP-7 in Canine Critical-Sized Bone Defects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19072073 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 2073 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yongsun Kim ◽

Byung-Jae Kang ◽

Wan Kim ◽

Hui-suk Yun ◽

Oh-kyeong Kweon

Keyword(s):

Bone Defect ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Trophic Factors ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Cell Sheets ◽

Demineralized Bone

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro osteogenic capacity of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) overexpressing adipose-derived (Ad-) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) sheets (BMP-7-CS). In addition, BMP-7-CS were transplanted into critical-sized bone defects and osteogenesis was assessed. BMP-7 gene expressing lentivirus particles were transduced into Ad-MSCs. BMP-7, at the mRNA and protein level, was up-regulated in BMP-7-MSCs compared to expression in Ad-MSCs. Osteogenic and vascular-related gene expressions were up-regulated in BMP-7-CS compared to Ad-MSCs and Ad-MSC sheets. In a segmental bone-defect model, newly formed bone and neovascularization were enhanced with BMP-7-CS, or with a combination of BMP-7-CS and demineralized bone matrix (DBM), compared to those in control groups. These results demonstrate that lentiviral-mediated gene transfer of BMP-7 into Ad-MSCs allows for stable BMP-7 production. BMP-7-CS displayed higher osteogenic capacity than Ad-MSCs and Ad-MSC sheets. In addition, BMP-7-CS combined with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) stimulated new bone and blood vessel formation in a canine critical-sized bone defect. The BMP-7-CS not only provides BMP-7 producing MSCs but also produce osteogenic and vascular trophic factors. Thus, BMP-7-CS and DBM have therapeutic potential for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects and could be used to further enhance clinical outcomes during bone-defect treatment.

Download Full-text