Correction to: Retrospective Assessment of Behavioral Inhibition in Infants and Toddlers: Development of a Parent Report Questionnaire

The purpose of this study was to describe the development of the Gastrointestinal and Gastroesophageal Reflux (GIGER) Scale for Infants and Toddlers, and determine its factor structure and psychometric properties. Items were developed to comprehensively assess gastrointestinal (GI) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms observable by a parent. Exploratory factor analysis on 391 responses from parents of children under 2 years old resulted in a 36-item scale with 3 subscales. Internal consistency reliability was acceptable (α = .78-.94). The GIGER total score and all 3 subscales were correlated with the Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire-Revised (I-GERQ-R) ( P < .05) and Infant Gastrointestinal Symptoms Questionnaire (IGSQ) ( P < .05). GIGER total score was higher in infants with a diagnosis of GER ( P < .05) or constipation ( P < .05) compared to those without. The GIGER is a parent-report measure of GI and GER symptoms in children under 2 years old with adequate psychometric properties.

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Early lexical development in Spanish-speaking infants and toddlers

Journal of Child Language ◽

10.1017/s0305000900008461 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 523-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

Donna Jackson-Maldonado ◽

Donna Thal ◽

Virginia Marchman ◽

Elizabeth Bates ◽

Vera Gutierrez-Clellen

Keyword(s):

Reliability And Validity ◽

Parent Report ◽

Infants And Toddlers ◽

Personal Interview ◽

Waiting Room ◽

Lexical Development ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Communicative Development ◽

English Speaking ◽

Spanish Language Acquisition

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the early lexical development of a group of 328 normal Spanish-speaking children aged 0;8 to 2;7. First the development and structure of a new parent report instrument,Inventario del Desarollo de Habilidades Communcativasis described. Then five studies carried out with the instrument are presented. In the first study vocabulary development of Spanish-speaking infants and toddlers is compared to that of English-speaking infants and toddlers. The English data were gathered using a comparable parental report, theMacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. In the second study the general characteristics of Spanish language acquisition, and the effects of various demographic factors on that process, are examined. Study 3 examines the differential effects of three methods of collecting the data (mail-in, personal interview, and clinic waiting room administration). Studies 4 and 5 document the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results show that the trajectories of development are very similar for Spanish-and English-speaking children in this age range, that children from varying social groups develop similarly, and that mail-in and personal interview administration techniques produce comparable results. Inventories administered in a medical clinic waiting room, on the otherhand, produced lower estimates of toddler vocabulary than the other two models.

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Behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders: Multiple levels of a resilience process

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579407000363 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 729-746 ◽

Cited By ~ 216

Author(s):

Kathryn Amey Degnan ◽

Nathan A. Fox

Keyword(s):

Social Behavior ◽

Behavioral Inhibition ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Infants And Toddlers ◽

Resilience Process ◽

Withdrawal Motivation ◽

Multiple Levels ◽

Over Time

Behavioral inhibition is reported to be one of the most stable temperamental characteristics in childhood. However, there is also evidence for discontinuity of this trait, with infants and toddlers who were extremely inhibited displaying less withdrawn social behavior as school-age children or adolescents. There are many possible explanations for the discontinuity in this temperament over time. They include the development of adaptive attention and regulatory skills, the influence of particular styles of parenting or caregiving contexts, and individual characteristics of the child such as their level of approach–withdrawal motivation or their gender. These discontinuous trajectories of behaviorally inhibited children and the factors that form them are discussed as examples of the resilience process.

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A parent-report scale of behavioral inhibition: Validation and application to preschool-age children who do and do not stutter

Journal of Fluency Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105748 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 105748 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katerina Ntourou ◽

Elizabeth Oyler DeFranco ◽

Edward G. Conture ◽

Tedra A. Walden ◽

Nasir Mushtaq

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Inhibition ◽

Parent Report ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Preschool Age Children

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Assessing Vocal Development in Infants and Toddlers Who Are Hard of Hearing: A Parent-Report Tool

The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education ◽

10.1093/deafed/enw027 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 237-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sophie E. Ambrose ◽

Anne Thomas ◽

Mary Pat Moeller

Keyword(s):

Hard Of Hearing ◽

Parent Report ◽

Infants And Toddlers ◽

Vocal Development

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Temporal Eating Patterns Among U.S. Infants and Toddlers, NHANES 2011–2016

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa047_007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 587-587

Author(s):

Kirsten Herrick ◽

Lauren 0'Connor ◽

Sydney O'Connor ◽

Jill Reedy

Keyword(s):

Eating Habits ◽

Survey Design ◽

Parent Report ◽

Interval Length ◽

Eating Patterns ◽

Age Group ◽

Infants And Toddlers ◽

Eating Frequency ◽

Eating Occasion ◽

Eating Occasions

Abstract Objectives As characterization of temporal eating patterns of U.S. infants and toddlers is limited, we aimed to explore eating frequency and interval, and to reveal relevant challenges related to investigation among this age group. Methods Using a single 24-hour recall from NHANES 2011–2016, we estimated eating frequency in categories (1–4, 5–7, 8–10, and ≥11 times per day) (%, Standard Error (SE)) and eating interval (mean, SE) in hours, by age group (0–5 months, 6–11 months, and 12–23 months) among infants and toddlers younger than 2 years old (n = 1704). Eating interval was defined as the last reported consumption time minus the first reported consumption time. SAS was used to incorporate weights and the complex survey design. We also explored describing the data by parent report of eating occasion (breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, snack, etc.). Results Among children 0–23 months, 8% (SE 0.8), 54% (SE 1.3), 32% (SE 1.1), and 6% (SE 0.6) reported eating 1–4, 5–7, 8–10, and ≥11 times per day, respectively. The mean eating interval length decreased with increasing age category: 17.6 hours (SE 0.19), 15.6 hours (0.21), and 13.1 hours (SE 0.20), among infants and toddlers 0–5, 6–11, and 12–23 months (P < 0.001), respectively. Attempts to evaluate eating frequency by parent-reported eating occasion revealed misalignment of clock time with reported eating occasion. For example, a parent may report multiple eating occasions as “breakfast” in a given day between the hours of 6:00 AM and 10:00 PM, interspersed among other eating occasions reported as lunch, snack, or dinner. Conclusions There is a dearth of national data on the eating habits of infants and toddlers younger than 2 years, and even less is known about the temporal eating patterns for this group. We found that more than half of infants and toddlers reported 5–7 eating occasions on a given day and that toddlers 12–23 months had shorter eating intervals compared to infants 0–5 and 6–12 months. We also found some discordance with how eating occasions were reported among infants and toddlers, as the naming does not align with more typical classification that is used among older children and adults. Therefore, caution is advised when characterizing temporal eating patterns for this group. Funding Sources N/A

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Behavioral Inhibition in Childhood: European Portuguese Adaptation of an Observational Measure (Lab-TAB)

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 162

Author(s):

Luís Faísca ◽

Laura I. Ferreira ◽

Catarina C. Fernandes ◽

Jeffrey R. Gagne ◽

Ana T. Martins

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Inhibition ◽

Parent Report ◽

Laboratory Assessment ◽

The Social ◽

Observational Measure ◽

Teacher Reports ◽

Multi Method Approach ◽

And Performance ◽

Objective Description ◽

Method Approach

The assessment of behaviorally inhibited children is typically based on parent or teacher reports, but this approach has received criticisms, mainly for being prone to bias. Several researchers proposed the additional use of observational methods because they provide a direct and more objective description of the child's functioning in different contexts. The lack of a laboratory assessment of temperament for Portuguese children justifies the adaptation of some episodes of the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (Lab-TAB) as an observational measure for behavioral inhibition. Method: In our study, we included 124 children aged between 3 and 9 years and their parents. The evaluation of child behavioral inhibition was made by parent report (Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire) and through Lab-TAB episodes. Parental variables with potential influence on parents’ reports were also collected using the Social Interaction and Performance Anxiety and Avoidance Scale (SIPAAS) and the Parental Overprotection Measure (POM). Results and Discussion: The psychometric analyses provided evidence that Lab-TAB is a reliable instrument and can be incorporated in a multi-method approach to assess behavioral inhibition in studies involving Portuguese-speaking children. Moderate convergence between observational and parent report measures of behavioral inhibition was obtained. Mothers’ characteristics, as well as child age, seem to significantly affect differences between measures, being potential sources of bias in the assessment of child temperament.

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Parent Report of the Development of Auditory Skills in Infants and Toddlers Who Use Hearing Aids

Ear and Hearing ◽

10.1097/aud.0000000000000059 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. e262-e271 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Drorit Ben-Itzhak ◽

Tally Greenstein ◽

Liat Kishon-Rabin

Keyword(s):

Hearing Aids ◽

Parent Report ◽

Infants And Toddlers ◽

Auditory Skills

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The Role of Behavioral Inhibition for Conversational Speech and Language Characteristics of Preschool-Age Children Who Stutter

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-00026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 638-651

Author(s):

Victoria Tumanova ◽

Carly Woods ◽

Rachel Razza

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Inhibition ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Behavioral Observation ◽

Parent Report ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Indirect Measure ◽

Language Complexity ◽

Preschool Age Children ◽

Language Characteristics ◽

Temperamental Trait

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preschool-age children who stutter (CWS) were more likely to exhibit a temperamental trait of behavioral inhibition (BI), a correlate of shyness, than children who do not stutter (CWNS) and whether this temperamental trait affected preschool-age children's speech fluency and language complexity during a conversation with an unfamiliar adult. Method Sixty-eight preschool-age children (31 CWS, 37 CWNS) participated. The degree of BI was assessed by measuring the latency to their sixth spontaneous comment and the number of all spontaneous comments during a conversation with an unfamiliar examiner (following Kagan et al.'s [1987] methodology). Parent report of shyness from the Children's Behavior Questionnaire served as an indirect measure of BI. Children's language complexity was assessed by measuring their mean length of utterance and the number of words spoken. For CWS, the frequency of stuttering and the negative impact of stuttering were also assessed. Results First, we found no between-group differences in the degree of BI across the behavioral observation measures. However, CWS were rated shyer by parents than CWNS. Second, for CWS only, higher BI was associated with less complex utterances and fewer words spoken. Third, for CWS, higher BI was associated with fewer stuttered disfluencies produced. Conclusions This study provides empirical evidence that BI to the unfamiliar may have salience for childhood stuttering as it affected the quantity and quality of language spoken with an unfamiliar adult. Clinical implications of high BI for the assessment and treatment of preschool-age stuttering are discussed.

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