Book Review Conflict Theory and Its Application To The Social Sciences (Teori Konflik dan Penerapannya Pada Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial)

This book has a brown cover and looks like it looks normal. However, this book provides information on conflict theory in detail. In addition, what is interesting is telling the conflict from all kinds of points of view, so that it is not only focused on one side. This book is also suitable for students or students who are looking for knowledge about social or conflict as a whole. The author also recommends this book to students of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. This book is an objective description of the conflicts that occur in society. Another advantage is that it explains the basis and how conflicts are formed. At first glance, it looks like a science book, but the author tries to combine it in an easy-to-understand way. The following is a brief synopsis of this book.

State-of-the-Art Challenges and Perspectives in Multi-Organ Cancer Diagnosis via Deep Learning-Based Methods

Thus far, the most common cause of death in the world is cancer. It consists of abnormally expanding areas that are threatening to human survival. Hence, the timely detection of cancer is important to expanding the survival rate of patients. In this survey, we analyze the state-of-the-art approaches for multi-organ cancer detection, segmentation, and classification. This article promptly reviews the present-day works in the breast, brain, lung, and skin cancer domain. Afterwards, we analytically compared the existing approaches to provide insight into the ongoing trends and future challenges. This review also provides an objective description of widely employed imaging techniques, imaging modality, gold standard database, and related literature on each cancer in 2016–2021. The main goal is to systematically examine the cancer diagnosis systems for multi-organs of the human body as mentioned. Our critical survey analysis reveals that greater than 70% of deep learning researchers attain promising results with CNN-based approaches for the early diagnosis of multi-organ cancer. This survey includes the extensive discussion part along with current research challenges, possible solutions, and prospects. This research will endow novice researchers with valuable information to deepen their knowledge and also provide the room to develop new robust computer-aid diagnosis systems, which assist health professionals in bridging the gap between rapid diagnosis and treatment planning for cancer patients.

After Strict Comparison, the Conclusion of the Double-Slit Test Conflicts with the Mathematical Model

Light waves, which have almost no physical properties, are an abstract mathematical concept rather than an objective description. Confused by a set of dark and bright stripes and a sketchy schematic with little relation to the actual result, the double-slit phenomenon was misjudged as being caused by interfering light waves, but this plausible principle implies disastrous flaws. For example, (1) immediately after light passes through the double-slit device, the pattern is generated early or before interference. By changing the device-screen distance, the pattern only scales synchronously without being reconstructed by interference. The pattern with more interference points is darker, but it should be brighter. (2) Light waves can not only be subdivided into many parts but also greatly proliferate. (3) Light waves with missing leading edges outside the screen can still induce much interference. (4) Reflected light waves do not interfere. (5) The effect of polarization direction on interference should not be ignored. (6) Compared with the mathematical model, the location where the dark stripe should appear is actually the brightest spot. The formation principle of multiple regular dark stripes cannot be found. (7) To reflect the quantum property in the interference process, unless all conditions are simultaneously met, interference will not be triggered, and therefore, the principle of interference will be rejected. (8) A light source cannot be produced in a slit that may be in vacuum. (9) In the causality test, to verify the effect of collapse, the photons that have collapsed into particles should be tested again with a double-slit test. (10) The phenomenon of "observed tampering results" is obtained by observation. Has it been tampered with by observation? (11) If light is a wave, then matter and antimatter are conjoined. In conclusion, Newton's particle model is wrong, as is light wave theory.

System Modeling of Author’s Image in Texts of One Speech Genre

The question of the method of describing of Author’s Image in Texts in modern linguistics is discussed in the article. It is argued that this technique requires the development of principles focused on systems engineering. The authors of the article note that one of the problems of modern genre studies is that a large amount of research in this area in aggregate reflects various approaches to the description of the “image of the author” in texts of the genre. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that for an objective description of the author’s image, the hypothesis of “Functional modeling of the author of the genre” is put forward: the model of the genre system in the epistemological description has a complex level structure. The authors of the article put forward their own development of the technology for describing the image of the author of the genre, defining this technology as effective and consistent with the principles of a systematic approach to genre phenomena. In order to solve the problem of the attributive aspect of describing a genre, that is, to determine its units, it seems productive to analyze the genre according to the so-called communicative-semiotic model. The article proposes ways of solving emerging problems concerning the principles of objectivist description of the author’s model of the genre.

Towards an Ideology-Free, Truly Mechanistic Health Psychology

Efficient transfer of concepts and mechanistic insights from the cognitive to the health sciences and back requires a clear, objective description of the problem that this transfer ought to solve. Unfortunately, however, the actual descriptions are commonly penetrated with, and sometimes even motivated by, cultural norms and preferences, a problem that has colored scientific theorizing about behavioral control—the key concept for many psychological health interventions. We argue that ideologies have clouded our scientific thinking about mental health in two ways: by considering the societal utility of individuals and their behavior a key criterion for distinguishing between healthy and unhealthy people, and by dividing what actually seem to be continuous functions relating psychological and neurocognitive underpinnings to human behavior into binary, discrete categories that are then taken to define clinical phenomena. We suggest letting both traditions go and establish a health psychology that restrains from imposing societal values onto individuals, and then taking the fit between behavior and values to conceptualize unhealthiness. Instead, we promote a health psychology that reconstructs behavior that is considered to be problematic from well-understood mechanistic underpinnings of human behavior.

Entropy and Wealth

While entropy was introduced in the second half of the 19th century in the international vocabulary as a scientific term, in the 20th century it became common in colloquial use. Popular imagination has loaded “entropy” with almost every negative quality in the universe, in life and in society, with a dominant meaning of disorder and disorganization. Exploring the history of the term and many different approaches to it, we show that entropy has a universal stochastic definition, which is not disorder. Hence, we contend that entropy should be used as a mathematical (stochastic) concept as rigorously as possible, free of metaphoric meanings. The accompanying principle of maximum entropy, which lies behind the Second Law, gives explanatory and inferential power to the concept, and promotes entropy as the mother of creativity and evolution. As the social sciences are often contaminated by subjectivity and ideological influences, we try to explore whether maximum entropy, applied to the distribution of a wealth-related variable, namely annual income, can give an objective description. Using publicly available income data, we show that income distribution is consistent with the principle of maximum entropy. The increase in entropy is associated to increases in society’s wealth, yet a standardized form of entropy can be used to quantify inequality. Historically, technology has played a major role in the development of and increase in the entropy of income. Such findings are contrary to the theory of ecological economics and other theories that use the term entropy in a Malthusian perspective.

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Terapi Komplementer Minuman Jahe Merah Dan Madu Di Desa Pasuruan Kecamatan Penengahan Lampung Selatan

ABSTRAK Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) adalah radang akut saluran pernapasan atas maupun bawah yang disebabkan oleh infeksi jasad renik atau bakteri, virus, maupun reketsia tanpa atau disertai dengan radang parenkim paru. ISPA adalah masuknya mikroorganisme (bakteri, virus, riketsi) ke dalam saluran pernapasan yang menimbulkan gejala penyakit yang dapat berlangsung sampai 14 hari. Tujuan Deskripsi hasil Asuhan Keperawatan Komprehenshif Pada Balita Dengan Masalah Keperawatan Gangguan Bersih Jalan Nafas (Ispa) Menggunakan Terapi Komplementer Minuman Jahe Merah Dan Madu Di Desa Pasuruan Kecamatan Penengahan Lampung Selatan. Metode yang di lakukan dengan Berikan minuman herbal jahe merah dicampur madu dengan dosis 2 kali sehari sebanyak 150 ml pada pagi hari dan malam hari sebelum tidur. Hasil kajian asuhan keperawatan komprehensif pada anak dengan ISPA yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa terjadi perbedaan waktu proses penyembuhan dengan terapi jahe madu antara pasien pertama dan kedua hal ini dapat terjadi dikarenakan daya tahan tubuh anak, dan keteraturan dalam mengikuti terapi jahe madu. Diharapkan ibu balita mengetahui informasi tentang penyakit ISPA sedang dan informasi tentang perawatan pada anak dirumah sesuaidengan anjuran petugas kesehatan, sehingga jika ditemukan tanda bahaya segera membawa ke petugas kesehatan yang terdekat, dan menjaga kebersihan diri dan lingkungan untuk terhindar dari penyakit yang dapat membahayakan balita. Diharapkan orang tua balita dapat memberikan nimuman jahe+ madu pada balita sebagai penanganan pertama saat gejala ISPA menyerang anak. Kata Kunci: ISPA, Komplementer, Jahe ABSTRACT Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an acute inflammation of the upper or lower respiratory tract caused by infection of microorganisms or bacteria, viruses, or rickettsia without or using with inflammation of the lung parenchyma. ARI is the entry of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, rickettsia) into the respiratory tract that cause symptoms of a disease that can last up to 14 days. Objective Description of the results of comprehensive nursing care for toddlers with nursing problems Clean Airway Disorders (Ispa) Using Complementary Therapy of Red Ginger and Honey Drinks in PasuruanVillage, Penengah Subdistrict, South Lampung District in 2020. The method used to provide herbal drinks 2 times a day as much as 150 ml in the morning and evening before going to bed. The results of studies on the care of children on ARI that have been obtained results that occur during the process with honey-ginger therapy between the first and second patients this can occur affect the immune system of children, and regularity in the influence of honey ginger therapy. It is expected that mothers of toddlers ask for information about moderate ARI and information about care for children at home according to health workers, so that danger signs can be found immediately to the nearest health worker, and health and environmental protection to avoid diseases that can be used by toddlers. It is expected that parents of toddlers can give ginger + honey to toddlers as the first treatment when ARI symptoms attack children Keywords: ISPA, Complementary, Ginger

Ferdinand Karl Piëch: A Psychobiography of a Ruthless Manager and Ingenious Engineer

The dark sides of personalities have gained importance during the past two decades. Psychobiography deals with the life of extraordinary individuals throughout the life span by applying selected theories to analyse specific life aspects. This study uses Theodore Millon’s (1990, 2011) personality theory to explore the life of Ferdinand Karl Piëch (1937–2019), an Austrian engineer and business executive who was the chairman of the executive board of the Volkswagen Group (1993–2002) and the chairman of the supervisory board from 2002 to 2015. Piëch was also known for having a complex and controversial personality. This study aims to explore the life and work of Ferdinand Karl Piëch through the lens of Millon’s personality theory. This study has four specific aims. Firstly, to provide an accurate and objective description of Piëch’s life history. Secondly, to formulate an accurate description of Piëch’s personality on the basis of existing biographical data. Thirdly, to interpret Piëch’s personality through the use of Millon’s theoretical framework and identify the personality prototypes that correspond with his personality characteristics. Fourthly, to contribute to expanding the field of “dark personality aspects” from a psychobiographical perspective, especially the personalities of extraordinary individuals. The findings suggest that although Piëch demonstrated the characteristics of three personality prototypes, the assertive-sadistic prototype is the best fit for his personality characteristics. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations for theory and practice are given.

The Boxer Rebellion in Siberian Pre-Revolutionary Press (The Eastern Review as an Example)

The article is devoted to the content analyses of materials covering Boxer rebellion in China, they were published in Irkutsk newspaper The Eastern Review, 1900–1901. Authors’ choice was motivated with three reasons. First, the newspaper covered Eastern Russian regions’ issues, as well as Russia’s policy in the Far East, where these regions were being involved. Secondly, Boxer rebellion was one of most important events at the turn of the XX century; it defined Russia’s strategy on its Eastern borders in terms of competition with Western European countries and Japan for economic and political influence in the Celestial Empire. Thirdly, Boxer rebellion in the Siberian regional press’s point of view was not studied properly, so it needs further research to understand a provincial newspaper activities process, never having experience in military operations coverage, these activities quite surprisingly required a new way of operation. We analyzed hundreds of texts on military actions in China, Chinese Imperial Court position, contradictions between allied powers, which took part in the suppression of the rebellion in view of of post-war establishment in the East. The main focus of the research was the transformation of the newspaper’s conception to meet the needs for military information; genres of published materials about the Boxer rebellion; information obtaining technology; the degree of its authenticity and objectivity. We also examined how editorial staff created Russia’s positive image as a disinterested peace-maker, though Russian geopolitical interests had been having lasting position on the Chinese territory. Mass-media development, usage of various methods to obtain information, inclusion of opinions of conflicting sides; responsibility before readers for coverage of events allowed the newspaper not only to display objective description of current events in China but also to forecast post-war development of the Far East.

Application of Open Proportional System in Post Amendment Legislative Elections Basic Law of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945

This study aims to examine how the concept of the application of the Open Proportional System in the Legislative Elections After the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is applied. This study uses a normative juridical method based on primary and secondary legal materials. The form of the results of this research is descriptive analysis, where the results of the research provide an objective description of the concept of the application of the Open Proportional System in the Legislative Elections After the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The approaches in this study are: statute approach, and conceptual approach. In tracing legal materials, the author uses the Research library, and uses qualitative analysis. The results show that the application of the open proportional system in the legislative elections after the amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia varies, the 2004 election with a limited open proportional system using a BPP value of 100%, the 2009 and 2014 elections applying a pure open proportional system using the hare quota method and the 2019 election applying the system pure open proportional with sound conversion method using sainte lague system. The open proportional system is also able to present a variety of electoral winning parties.