Behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders: Multiple levels of a resilience process

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Amey Degnan ◽  
Nathan A. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Resilience Process ◽  
Withdrawal Motivation ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Over Time

Behavioral inhibition is reported to be one of the most stable temperamental characteristics in childhood. However, there is also evidence for discontinuity of this trait, with infants and toddlers who were extremely inhibited displaying less withdrawn social behavior as school-age children or adolescents. There are many possible explanations for the discontinuity in this temperament over time. They include the development of adaptive attention and regulatory skills, the influence of particular styles of parenting or caregiving contexts, and individual characteristics of the child such as their level of approach–withdrawal motivation or their gender. These discontinuous trajectories of behaviorally inhibited children and the factors that form them are discussed as examples of the resilience process.

LINKING CHILDREN'S SOCIAL WORLDS: PERSPECTIVETAKING IN PARENT-CHILD AND PEER CONTEXTS

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Fitzgerald ◽  
Karen J. White
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Interpersonal Understanding ◽  
Parent Child

Parental use of victim-centered discipline (VCD) (Hoffman, 1975) was examined as it related to children's perspective-taking, social behavior, and peer acceptance. Participants were 93 (50 girls, 43 boys) primarily Caucasian (87%) school-age children. Perspective-taking was assessed via Selman's (1979) interpersonal understanding interview. Peers, parents, and teachers assessed social behavior. Nominations and play ratings determined peer acceptance. Results indicated that VCD was positively related to children's perspective-taking. Perspective-taking was negatively related to aggression and positively related to prosocial behavior. Results suggested perspective-taking mediates the previous relationship established between VCD and social behavior. Peer acceptance was negatively related to aggression and positively related to prosocial behavior. Age and socioeconomic status also were related to the pattern of relationships between VCD, perspective-taking, and social behavior.

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL PADA ANAK USIA PRA-SEKOLAH DENGAN TERAPI BERMAIN ASSOSIATIVE PLAY MENGGUNAKAN BOLA DI TK AISYIYAH PRAJURIT KULON MOJOKERTO

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ima Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Play Therapy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Test

ABSTRAKBermain pada anak akan mengembangkan berbagai kemampuan dan anak akan belajar untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan, sehingga anak akan cepat mengatasi masalah yang timbul. Perilaku sosial merupakan salah satu indikator untuk menilai bagaimana pertumbuhan optimal anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi bermain Assosiative Play menggunakan bola terhadap perkembangan sosial anak usia pra-sekolah di TK Aisyiyah Prajurit Kulon Kota Mojokerto. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analitik korelasi dengan desain pre-experimental one group pre-post test. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 26 murid, menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah terapi bermain asosiative play menggunakan bola dan variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah perkembangan perilaku social anak. Data dikumpulkan dengan lembar observasi perilaku sosial anak pra-sekolah. Hasil penelitian secara statistik terbukti ada pengaruh terapi bermain Assosiate Play menggunakan bola terhadap perkembangan sosial pada anak usia pra-sekolah (p=0.001). Salah satu manfaat bermain terapi adalah mengembangkan perilaku sosial anak karena anak akan belajar berinteraksi, dan menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan. Diharapkan lembaga pendidikan khusus TK Aisyiyah dapat menerapkan bermain terapi terutama Assosiative Play untuk perkembangan social anak usia pra-sekolah.Kata kunci: Assosiative play, terapi bermain, perilaku sosial, anak usia pra-sekolahABSTRACTPlaying at the child will develop a wide range of capabilities and the child would learn to adapt with the environment. Social behavior is one indicator to assess how far optimal growth in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Assosiate using ball play therapy in social development in pre-school age children in Aisyiyah kindergarten of Prajurit Kulon Mojokerto. This study uses an analytical approach correlation with pre-experimental design of one group pre-post test. Samples of this study were 26 students, using purposive sampling technique. The independent variable in this study was the asosiative using ball play therapy and the dependent variable in this research was the development of the social behavior of children. Data were  collected with social behavior observation sheet. The results proved statistically there was an effect of  Assosiative using ball play therapy in social development in pre-school age children in Aisyiyah kindergarten of Prajurit Kulon Mojokerto (p=0.01). One of the benefits of play therapy is to develop the social behavior of the child because the child will learn to interact and adapt to the environment. Education institutions especially for in Aisyiyah kindergarten can apply Assosiative play therapy for social development of pre-school age children.Keywords: Assosiative play, play therapy, social behavior, pre-school age child DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT PDF >>

Organization of Extracurricular Activities of Primary School Children with Sensory Disabilities in an Inclusive Educational Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Natalya Aleksandrovna Odinokova ◽  
◽  
Victoria Eduardovna Gamanovich ◽  
Olga Vyacheslavovna Dalivelya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
School Children ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Primary School Age

The article presents the author’s view of the organization extracurricular activities of primary school age children with sensory impairment based on a humanistic approach, focused on the personality of students with special educational needs, taking them into account individual characteristics, abilities and interests. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence, evolution of formation and meaning in educational space of the school of extracurricular activities, emphasizing attention to the peculiarities of its organization with children of primary school age with sensory impairment. Methodology. The methodological basis is made up of research domestic and foreign authors, the experience of practicing teachers, testifying to the relevance of theoretical and practical software implementation of extracurricular activities with children with sensory impairment. Results. Based on the analysis of regulatory documents, scientific research, literature and teaching materials the concept of “extracurricular activities” was identified and substantiated, issues of structure, content, requirements for the conditions of its conduct on an example of organizing an excursion with children with visual impairments. In detention, conclusions are drawn about the features of the organization of extracurricular activities of primary school children with sensory impairments. In the future, it is envisaged to conduct a practical diagnostic research and analysis of the results obtained, which will reveal efficiency and prioritization of extracurricular activities, organized with children of primary school age with sensory impairment.

scholarly journals POSSIBILITIES OF TEACHERS FOR MONITORING, DETECTING AND RECORDING OF INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS IN EARLY SCHOOL AGE

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Tatjana Koteva-Mojsovska
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Early School ◽  
Early School Age ◽  
The Individual ◽  
School Period

The monitoring and recording of the individual characteristics of children are very important for the development of quality education. Also the views of the teachers about the differences in the development, the potentials and the affinities of the children in the early school period are especially important. The quality education process in the modern school should be adapted to the individual potentials of the children. The children are individuals with their own integrity and characteristics. (Johnston and Halocha, 2010). They have individual pace and develop individual approaches in the learning process. This individual pace in the development of the children requires the teachers to regularly monitor and record the individual characteristics and differences of the children, monitoring the children’s interests, planning instruction which will adapt to the different learning approaches and the different pace of progress of the students.Setting out from this paradigm, this paper, which is based on a realized research, aims to offer findings about the treatment of the individual characteristics of the early school-age children in our country. According to this, we carried out a research in four primary schools in Skopje, which showed us that the teachers lack the appropriate conditions and possibilities to monitor and record the individual characteristics and the specific differences of the students in the early school period.

scholarly journals Trends and Correlates of Overweight among Pre-School Age Children, Adolescent Girls, and Adult Women in South Asia: An Analysis of Data from Twelve National Surveys in Six Countries over Twenty Years

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassandra L. Harding ◽  
Victor M. Aguayo ◽  
Patrick Webb
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
School Age ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Over Time

Overweight has become a global pandemic and is associated with a rise in diet-related non-communicable diseases and associated co-morbidities. Most of the world’s undernourished people live in South Asia, yet the number of overweight and obese individuals in this region is growing. This study explores trends and correlates of overweight among pre-school age children, adolescent girls, and adult women in South Asia. Using pooled data from 12 national surveys in six countries, generalized linear mixed models were run to analyze relationships. Overweight children had significantly higher odds than non-overweight children of having an overweight mother (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 1.34, p < 0.01). Overweight adolescent girls were more likely to come from a wealthier household (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR): 2.46, p < 0.01) in an urban area (1.74, p < 0.01), and have formal education (1.22, p < 0.01), compared to non-overweight girls. Similar relationships were seen among overweight vs. non-overweight adult women. In Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, overweight among girls and women increased over time, while differentials associated with household wealth, urban residence, and formal education attenuated over time. Overweight and obesity are becoming more prevalent across South Asia in a context of persisting undernutrition. Once a condition of the wealthier, more educated and urban, rates of overweight are increasing among poorer, less educated, and rural women. This requires immediate attention to ‘multi-use’ policies and programmes.

Will Johnny See Daddy This Week?

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDA S. STEPHENS
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Paternal Involvement ◽  
Marital Disruption ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Nonresidential Fathers ◽  
Noncustodial Fathers ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this analysis is to examine the determinants of postdivorce contact between nonresidential fathers and their children after marital disruption and to evaluate the relative merit of three sociological perspectives on postdivorce contact: (a) social parenting, (b) marital-involvement parenting, and (c) socioeconomic-advantaged parenting. The results suggest that fathers have limited contact with their children postdivorce that decreases over time. The fathers' socioeconomic characteristics appear to temper this reduction in fathers' involvement with their children after marital disruption. As fathers develop new relationships postdivorce, their level of involvement with their children is reduced, whereas mothers' remarriage only affects the probability of fathers' having weekly contact with their children. For the most part, characteristics of the children, their mothers, and the former marriages, which ordinarily are positively associated with paternal involvement during marriage, did not affect the level of postdivorce visitation. Noncustodial fathers, however, were more likely to see young children every week than were fathers of school-age children.

scholarly journals Global state of deworming coverage and inequity in low-income and middle-income countries: a spatiotemporal study of household health surveys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan C. Lo ◽  
Sam Heft-Neal ◽  
Jean T. Coulibaly ◽  
Leslie Leonard ◽  
Eran Bendavid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Equity Index ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIntroductionMass deworming against soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) is a hallmark program in the neglected tropical diseases portfolio that is designed to be equitable and “pro-poor”. However, the extent to which current deworming treatment programs achieve equitable coverage across wealth class and gender remains unclear, and the current public health metric of national deworming coverage does not include representation of inequity. This study develops a framework to measure both coverage and equity in global deworming to guide future programmatic evaluation, investment, and metric design.MethodsWe used nationally representative, geospatial household survey data that measured mother-reported deworming receipt in pre-school age children (age 1-4 years) in the previous 6 months. We estimated global deworming coverage disaggregated by geography, wealth quintile and gender and computed an equity index. We examined trends in coverage and equity index across countries, within countries, and over time. We used a regression model to compute the household correlates of deworming receipt and ecological correlates of equitable deworming.FindingsOur study included 820,883 pre-school age children living in 50 STH-endemic countries between 2004 and 2017. Globally, the mean global deworming coverage in pre-school children was estimated at 36%. The sub-national coverage ranged from 0.5% to 87.5%, and within-country variation was greater than between-country variation in coverage. The equity index was undesirable (deworming was consistently concentrated in the wealthier populations) in every endemic region of 12 countries. Of the 31 study countries that WHO reported achieving the goal of 75% national coverage, 26 had persistent inequity in deworming as defined by the mean equity index. Deworming equity modestly improved over time, and within-country variation in inequity decreased over time. We did not detect differences in deworming equity by gender. We found the strongest household correlates of deworming to be vitamin A supplementation and receipt of three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3), while the strongest ecological predictors of equitable deworming were regions with higher coverage of health services such as DTP3 and vitamin A supplementation.InterpretationAlthough mass deworming is considered to be “pro-poor”, we find substantial inequities by wealth, despite often high reported national coverage. These inequities appear to be geographically heterogeneous, modestly improving over time, and we found no evidence of gender differences in inequity. Future reporting of deworming coverage should consider disaggregation by geography, wealth, and gender with incorporation of an equity index to complement national deworming coverage.FundingBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Stanford University Medical Scientist Training Program

A Socioemotional Perspective for Understanding Social Difficulties of School-Age Children With Language Disorders

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Hummel ◽  
Barry M. Prizant
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Social And Emotional Development ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Language Disabilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Difficulties

Recent research clearly has established that many school-age children with language disabilities have significant socioemotional problems. These children likely make up a significant portion of the caseload of school speech-language pathologists. This article provides a perspective for recognizing, understanding, and treating the social behavior problems of children with language disorders who have or who are at risk for developing emotional or behavioral disorders. This view is derived from studies of social and emotional development of children who are normally developing and those who are socioemotionally challenged.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Individual and Family Characteristics and Cyberbullying Exposure in a Nationally Representative Sample of School-Aged Children Living in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7443
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Rakic ◽  
Milena Santric-Milicevic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Milena Vasic ◽  
Uros Babic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual

The study provides evidence on the individual and family factors as potential predictors (odds ratio—OR and 95% CI) of cyber-violence among school-aged children (11–17 years old) from 64 schools participating in the 2017 Serbian Study on health behavior in school-age children (HBSC). The standardized international HBSC research protocol was used. The study population was the nationally representative sample of 3267 students of V and VII grades of primary and I grade of secondary schools in Serbia. Potential predictors for the probability of occurrence vs. non-occurrence of cyberbullying exposure at least once and multiple times were identified among 24 explanatory variables, including the individual characteristics and family context. The cyberbullying exposure was more prevalent among girls than among boys of school-age, i.e., over one in seven girls and one in ten boys were exposed to cyberbullying. Over one in seven students at age 13 years and almost every seventh student at grade I of the gymnasium were exposed to cyberbullying. There were more students exposed to at least one cyberbullying than to multiple cyberbullying. Potential predictors of exposure to cyberbullying are gender, opinion of the family’s affluence status, fathers’ employment, communication with father, and family support. The study compensates for the evidence of cyberbullying in Serbia, which could help raise awareness, inform national and international stakeholders in the region and enable their efforts and strengthen cooperation in ending cyberbullying. This study’s findings could inform the development of an intervention program aimed at families and various professionals involved in protecting and improving school-age children’s health and well-being.

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