scholarly journals Blockchain-enabled real-time SLA monitoring for cloud-hosted services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Mehboob Khan ◽  
Junaid Arshad ◽  
Waheed Iqbal ◽  
Sidrah Abdullah ◽  
Hassan Zaib
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Manual Processing ◽  
And Performance

AbstractCloud computing is an important technology for businesses and individual users to obtain computing resources over the Internet on-demand and flexibly. Although cloud computing has been adopted across diverse applications, the owners of time-and-performance critical applications require cloud service providers’ guarantees about their services, such as availability and response times. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are a mechanism to communicate and enforce such guarantees typically represented as service level objectives (SLOs), and financial penalties are imposed on SLO violations. Due to delays and inaccuracies caused by manual processing, an automatic method to periodically verify SLA terms in a transparent and trustworthy manner is fundamental to effective SLA monitoring, leading to the acceptance and credibility of such service to the customers of cloud services. This paper presents a blockchain-based distributed infrastructure that leverages fundamental blockchain properties to achieve immutable and trustworthy SLA monitoring within cloud services. The paper carries out an in-depth empirical investigation for the scalability of the proposed system in order to address the challenge of transparently enforcing real-time monitoring of cloud-hosted services leveraging blockchain technology. This will enable all the stakeholders to enforce accurate execution of SLA without any imprecisions and delays by maintaining an immutable ledger publicly across blockchain network. The experimentation takes into consideration several attributes of blockchain which are critical in achieving optimum performance. The paper also investigates key characteristics of these factors and their impact to the behaviour of the system for further scaling it up under various cases for increased service utilization.

SLA (Service Level Agreement) Driven Orchestration Based New Methodology for Cloud Computing Services

2013 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Zhu Hong ◽  
Nueraimaiti Aimaier ◽  
Zhu Guo Li
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Cloud Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Computing Services

Cloud Computing is not a revolution; it’s an evolution of computer science and technology emerging by leaps and bounds, in order to merge all computer science tools and technologies. Cloud Computing technology is hottest to do research and explore new horizons of next generations of Computer Science. There are number of cloud services providers (Amazon EC2), Rackspace Cloud, Terremark and Google Compute Engine) but still enterprises and common users have a number of concerns over cloud service providers. Still there is lot of weakness, challenges and issues are barrier for cloud service providers in order to provide cloud services according to SLA (Service Level agreement). Especially, service provisioning according to SLAs is core objective of each cloud service provider with maximum performance as per SLA. We have identified those challenges issues, as well as proposed new methodology as “SLA (Service Level Agreement) Driven Orchestration Based New Methodology for Cloud Computing Services”. Currently, cloud service providers are using “orchestrations” fully or partially to automate service provisioning but we are trying to integrate and drive orchestration flows from SLAs. It would be new approach to provision cloud service and deliver cloud service as per SLA, satisfying QoS standards.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Framework for Multi-Cloud Service Broker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ahsan Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Location Awareness ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Service Broker

Cloud service broker (CSB) as an emerging technology intermediates heterogeneous multiple cloud services for both the providers and consumers. Recently, Cloud computing & mobile cloud computing applications (MCA) have gained an enormous popularity, which has led to an increasing need for the development of platform independent Middleware/CSB to support all types of cloud service consumer applications including x86*x64 based standard OS & ARM based mobile applications, web browsers, etc. Developing Platform Independent Hybrid CSB, however, is not an easy task. Developers have to deal with difficulties inherent from the different cloud controllers, cloud service providers environments, clients’ application types, network connection types (wired, wireless), GPS (Global Positioning Systems) information of cloud resources and clients’ etc. In this thesis, the proposed design of a middleware/CSB that abstracts the real-time resources of various clouds (private, public, home, Local) and stores the resources in its own Database. It will also store clients requests then analyzes the request to find the nearest available servers which is running the appropriate applications. Then the CSB will forward the destination servers information to the clients. Thesis goal is to achieve context awareness, location awareness, platform independence, portability, efficiency, and usability. Portability is achieved by following the J2ME platform specifications. The middleware has been implemented and tested on a real time Openstack cloud using by our newly designed Android Clients and platform independent Mozilla Firefox browser. The performance measurements of the middleware show that it achieves its efficiency requirements. Furthermore, the middleware’s database can be used for resource algorithm, pattern analysis, and for future requirements.

scholarly journals QoS Aware Resource Scheduling and Performance Assessment of Heuristics for Processing Jobs on Cloud

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2202-2207
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Heuristic Approaches ◽  
Cloud Users

Cloud computing or in other words, shared computing is a unique way of sharing resources via the Internet. It combines and extends features of parallel processing, grid computing, and distributed computing. Cloud Computing environments provide a competent way to schedule and process various jobs on remote machines. Rather than relying on local machines, Cloud users access services remotely via high-speed networks. Various users submitting jobs to be processed to Cloud would expect Quality of Service (QoS). So, currently, many researchers are proposing various heuristics that provide QoS to cloud users. The job scheduler is responsible for scheduling various jobs to its best-matched resource to achieve desired QoS. There are Service Level Agreements (SLAs) between Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) and Cloud users, which need to be followed by both the parties. Benefits would be affected in case of not complying with SLAs. In this paper various SLAs like Hard SLA, Best Effort SLA and Soft SLA are proposed. Jobs with required QoS parameters like Reliability, Execution Time and Priority are submitted to the scheduler. QoS of resources is determined by parameters like Reliability, Job Completion Time and the Cost of the resource. Schedulers then assign the Job to the best-matched resource according to specified SLA. Simulation is performed for First Fit and Best Fit heuristic approaches. Performances of both the heuristic approaches are evaluated with performance parameters like Average Resource Utilization (ARU), Success Rate of Jobs (SR) and Total Completion Time (TCT). This research work is useful for various organizations that provide various Cloud services to users who seek different levels of QoS for various applications.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Framework for Multi-Cloud Service Broker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ahsan Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Location Awareness ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Service Broker

Cloud service broker (CSB) as an emerging technology intermediates heterogeneous multiple cloud services for both the providers and consumers. Recently, Cloud computing & mobile cloud computing applications (MCA) have gained an enormous popularity, which has led to an increasing need for the development of platform independent Middleware/CSB to support all types of cloud service consumer applications including x86*x64 based standard OS & ARM based mobile applications, web browsers, etc. Developing Platform Independent Hybrid CSB, however, is not an easy task. Developers have to deal with difficulties inherent from the different cloud controllers, cloud service providers environments, clients’ application types, network connection types (wired, wireless), GPS (Global Positioning Systems) information of cloud resources and clients’ etc. In this thesis, the proposed design of a middleware/CSB that abstracts the real-time resources of various clouds (private, public, home, Local) and stores the resources in its own Database. It will also store clients requests then analyzes the request to find the nearest available servers which is running the appropriate applications. Then the CSB will forward the destination servers information to the clients. Thesis goal is to achieve context awareness, location awareness, platform independence, portability, efficiency, and usability. Portability is achieved by following the J2ME platform specifications. The middleware has been implemented and tested on a real time Openstack cloud using by our newly designed Android Clients and platform independent Mozilla Firefox browser. The performance measurements of the middleware show that it achieves its efficiency requirements. Furthermore, the middleware’s database can be used for resource algorithm, pattern analysis, and for future requirements.

GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS OF THE USING CLOUD SERVICES

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olexander Melnikov ◽  
◽  
Konstantin Petrov ◽  
Igor Kobzev ◽  
Viktor Kosenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technological Base

The article considers the development and implementation of cloud services in the work of government agencies. The classification of the choice of cloud service providers is offered, which can serve as a basis for decision making. The basics of cloud computing technology are analyzed. The COVID-19 pandemic has identified the benefits of cloud services in remote work Government agencies at all levels need to move to cloud infrastructure. Analyze the prospects of cloud computing in Ukraine as the basis of e-governance in development. This is necessary for the rapid provision of quality services, flexible, large-scale and economical technological base. The transfer of electronic information interaction in the cloud makes it possible to attract a wide range of users with relatively low material costs. Automation of processes and their transfer to the cloud environment make it possible to speed up the process of providing services, as well as provide citizens with minimal time to obtain certain information. The article also lists the risks that exist in the transition to cloud services and the shortcomings that may arise in the process of using them.

scholarly journals АНАЛИЗ ПОДХОДОВ К ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЮ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ОБЛАЧНЫХ СЕРВИСОВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
Вячеслав Вікторович Фролов
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Critical System ◽  
Cloud Service Providers ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Cloud Resources

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern approaches that ensure the security of cloud services. Since cloud computing is one of the fastest growing areas among information technology, it is extremely important to ensure the safety and reliability of processes occurring in the clouds and to secure the interaction between the client and the provider of cloud services. Given that fears about data loss and their compromise are one of the main reasons that some companies do not transfer their calculations to the clouds. The object of research and analysis of this work are cloud services, which are provided by various cloud service providers. The aim of the study of this work is to compare existing approaches that provide information security for cloud services, as well as offer a new approach based on the principle of diversity. There are many approaches that ensure their safety, using both traditional and cloud-specific. The multi-cloud approach is one of the most promising strategies for improving reliability by reserving cloud resources on the servers of various cloud service providers. It is shown that it is necessary to use diversity to ensure the reliability and safety of critical system components. The principle of diversity is to use a unique version of each resource thanks to a special combination of a cloud computing provider, the geographical location of data centers, cloud service presentation models, and cloud infrastructure deployment models. The differences between cloud providers and which combination of services are preferable to others in terms of productivity are discussed in detail. In addition, best practices for securing cloud resources are reviewed. As a result, this paper concludes that there is a problem of insufficient security and reliability of cloud computing and how to reduce threats in order to avoid a common cause failure and, as a result, loss of confidential data or system downtime using diversity of cloud services.

Broker-based optimization of SLA negotiations in cloud computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bharti ◽  
Rajeev Ranjan ◽  
Bhanu Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
Sla Negotiation ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
The Impact

Cloud computing provisions and allocates resources, in advance or real-time, to dynamic applications planned for execution. This is a challenging task as the Cloud-Service-Providers (CSPs) may not have sufficient resources at all times to satisfy the resource requests of the Cloud-Service-Users (CSUs). Further, the CSPs and CSUs have conflicting interests and may have different utilities. Service-Level-Agreement (SLA) negotiations among CSPs and CSUs can address these limitations. User Agents (UAs) negotiate for resources on behalf of the CSUs and help reduce the overall costs for the CSUs and enhance the resource utilization for the CSPs. This research proposes a broker-based mediation framework to optimize the SLA negotiation strategies between UAs and CSPs in Cloud environment. The impact of the proposed framework on utility, negotiation time, and request satisfaction are evaluated. The empirical results show that these strategies favor cooperative negotiation and achieve significantly higher utilities, higher satisfaction, and faster negotiation speed for all the entities involved in the negotiation.

An Analysis on the Terms and Conditions of the Clickwrap Agreement and the Benefits of Maintaining the Click Wrap Agreement in Cloud Computing

2022 ◽  
pp. 205-224
Author(s):  
Dhiviya Ram
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
End User ◽  
Cloud Service Provider ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cloud Service Providers ◽  
Provider Perspective

One of the most unique forms of contracting is apparent in cloud computing. Cloud computing, unlike other conventional methods, has adopted a different approach in the formation of binding contract that will be used for the governance of the cloud. This method is namely the clickwrap agreement. Click wrap agreement follows a take it or leave it basis in which the end users are provided with limited to no option in terms of having a say on the contract that binds them during the use of cloud services. The terms found in the contract are often cloud service provider friendly and will be less favourable to the end user. In this article, the authors examine the terms that are often found in the cloud computing agreement as well as study the benefit that is entailed in adopting this contracting method. This chapter has undertaken a qualitative study that comprises interviews of cloud service providers in Malaysia. Hence, this study is a novel approach that also provides insight in terms of the cloud service provider perspective regarding the click wrap agreement.

scholarly journals Modeling the adoption of cloud computing to assess South African SMEs: An integrated perspective

10.29007/j2nc ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Ayong ◽  
Rennie Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
South African ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Cloud Computing Adoption

The adoption of cloud computing among SMEs in developing countries, particularly South Africa, is still very low. The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model to assess the critical factors that influences South African SMEs to adopt cloud services. This paper proposes an integrated conceptual model that incorporates critical factors from the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory, institutional theory, transaction cost theory, organisation theory, information security theory, and trust theories. Cloud computing adoption research dominated by the DOI perspective, can benefit from further cross- fertilization with different theories to explain and predict patterns of cloud services use in the SME context. This model is expected to offer deeper insights and practical value to SME decision makers, cloud service providers, regulatory agencies and government responsible for establishing cloud computing adoption strategies for SMEs in South Africa. We intend to apply this model to survey research in future studies.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Services of Private Cloud Computing by Using ADAM Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Nur Widiyasono ◽  
Imam Riadi ◽  
Ahmad Luthfie
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Private Cloud ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Cloud Computing Services ◽  
Private Cloud Computing

<p>Cloud services are offered by many cloud service providers, but in for large companies generally are build  by a private cloud computing. In cloud systems of abuse it can be done by internal users or due to misconfiguration or may also refer to weaknesses in the system. This study evaluated the ADAM method (Advanced Data Acquisition Model) and tested the case schemes which are being carried out in the laboratory simulation of the process in order to obtain forensic evidence of digital data on private cloud computing services. Referring to the results of the investigation process by using ADAM Method, it can be verified that there are several parameters of the success investigation including the structure of files, files, time stamp, mac-address, IP address, username password, and the data from a server both from the desktop PC or smartphone, therefore the investigation by using ADAM can be succesed properly and correctly. Another contribution of this study was to identify the weaknesses of the service system that used owncloud in users list of the the same group can change another’s user’s passwod.</p>

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