Effect of Aging on Transpyloric Flow, Gastric Emptying, and Intragastric Distribution In Healthy Humans—Impact on Glycemia

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre O’Donovan ◽  
Trygve Hausken ◽  
Yong Lei ◽  
Antonietta Russo ◽  
Jennifer Keogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Transpyloric Flow ◽  
Intragastric Distribution

Effects of Posture on Gastric Emptying, Transpyloric Flow, and Hunger After a Glucose Drink in Healthy Humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1331-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Jones ◽  
Deirdre O’Donovan ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
Antonietta Russo ◽  
Yong Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Transpyloric Flow

scholarly journals Effect of the artificial sweetener, sucralose, on gastric emptying and incretin hormone release in healthy subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. G735-G739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Max Bellon ◽  
Judith M. Wishart ◽  
Richard Young ◽  
L. Ashley Blackshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Sweet Taste Receptors ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Gip Release ◽  
Glucose Plasma

The incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), play an important role in glucose homeostasis in both health and diabetes. In mice, sucralose, an artificial sweetener, stimulates GLP-1 release via sweet taste receptors on enteroendocrine cells. We studied blood glucose, plasma levels of insulin, GLP-1, and GIP, and gastric emptying (by a breath test) in 7 healthy humans after intragastric infusions of 1) 50 g sucrose in water to a total volume of 500 ml (∼290 mosmol/l), 2) 80 mg sucralose in 500 ml normal saline (∼300 mosmol/l, 0.4 mM sucralose), 3) 800 mg sucralose in 500 ml normal saline (∼300 mosmol/l, 4 mM sucralose), and 4) 500 ml normal saline (∼300 mosmol/l), all labeled with 150 mg 13C-acetate. Blood glucose increased only in response to sucrose ( P < 0.05). GLP-1, GIP, and insulin also increased after sucrose ( P = 0.0001) but not after either load of sucralose or saline. Gastric emptying of sucrose was slower than that of saline ( t50: 87.4 ± 4.1 min vs. 74.7 ± 3.2 min, P < 0.005), whereas there were no differences in t50 between sucralose 0.4 mM (73.7 ± 3.1 min) or 4 mM (76.7 ± 3.1 min) and saline. We conclude that sucralose, delivered by intragastric infusion, does not stimulate insulin, GLP-1, or GIP release or slow gastric emptying in healthy humans.

Vagal control of pyloric resistance

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (4) ◽  
pp. G558-G569 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Malbert ◽  
C. Mathis ◽  
J. P. Laplace
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Transpyloric Flow ◽  
Cervical Vagotomy ◽  
Vagal Efferents ◽  
Stimulation Of

Pyloric resistance is probably a major factor regulating gastric emptying of liquids, but its nervous control is unknown. The role of efferent vagal pathways in pyloric resistance was evaluated in 13 anesthetized pigs. Pyloric resistance was assessed by simultaneous recording of gastropyloroduodenal motility and transpyloric flow during gastric emptying of saline. Cervical vagotomy suppressed all antral pressure events, increased the number of pressure events localized at the pylorus, and decreased the frequency of the flow pulses (P < 0.05), without affecting either pyloric resistance or the characteristics of flow pulses. Electrical stimulation of the cervical and the thoracic vagi both decreased pyloric resistance by about 60% and increased the stroke volume of flow pulses (P < 0.05). The reduced pyloric resistance was mainly related to an alteration of the temporal relationship between flow pulses and pyloric pressure events. These results indicate that vagal efferents could provide inhibitory inputs to pyloric resistance. A reduction in pyloric resistance contributes to the increased flow rate observed during vagal stimulation.

Gastric Emptying and Intragastric Distribution of a Solid Meal in Functional Dyspepsia

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
S??nia Let??cia Silva Lorena ◽  
Eduardo Tinois ◽  
S??rgio Quirino Brunetto ◽  
Edwaldo Eduardo Camargo ◽  
Maria Aparecida Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Intragastric Distribution

Effect of intragastric barostat bag on proximal and distal gastric accommodation in response to liquid meal

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. G681-G686 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Mundt ◽  
T. Hausken ◽  
M. Samsom
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Gastric Accommodation ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Transpyloric Flow ◽  
Antral Area

The barostat is the gold standard for measurement of proximal gastric accommodation. Ultrasonography can be used to measure gastric volume. The aim was to investigate the effects of the barostat bag on gastric accommodation and transpyloric flow. Accommodation after a liquid meal (300 ml, 450 kcal) was measured twice at random in eight healthy volunteers. Proximal accommodation was measured once using barostat and once using ultrasound (US). Antrum accommodation was measured using US. Bag volume (BV), antral area (AA), proximal gastric area, and proximal gastric diameter (PGD) data were assessed before and 1, 5, 15, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min postprandially. Transpyloric flow was measured using Doppler 1–5 min postprandially. Fasted, AA size was not affected by the barostat bag (1 mmHg > minimal distension pressure; 2.7 ± 0.5 vs. 2.6 ± 0.3 cm2). Postprandially, AAs were larger with the bag present (ANOVA, P < 0.04). Maximum AA was reached with the bag in 5 min, without the bag in 1 min postprandially (15.1 ± 2.3 vs. 9.4 ± 1.5 cm2; P < 0.03). Furthermore, AAs were related to BVs ( r = 0.57; P < 0.01). After bag deflation, AA decreased (11.9 ± 1.8 to 7.0 ± 0.9 cm2; P = 0.02) and was comparable with the 60-min AA size without the bag (7.1 ± 1.2 cm2; P = 0.76) present. Proximal gastric radius calculated from the BVs and PGDs was larger with the bag present (ANOVA, P < 0.001). No effect on early gastric emptying was observed. Postprandially, the barostat bag causes dilatation of the antrum due to meal displacement without influencing early gastric emptying. This antral dilatation is likely to induce exaggerated proximal gastric relaxation observed in studies using the barostat to evaluate fundic accommodation.

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