Grape berry skin features related to ontogenic resistance to Botrytis cinerea

Contrairement à la « pourriture vulgaire » qui correspond au développement simultané de Botrytis cinerea et de divers champignons (Penicillium, Aspergillus, etc...) sur la baie de raisin éclatée, « la pourriture noble » correspond à un développement presque exclusif de Botrytis sur des baies mûres et apparemment intactes.Dans ce travail, on montre que la pénétration des tubes germinatifs ou du mycélium de Botrytis ne peut se faire qu'à travers des microlésions de la pellicule, autres que les cassures péristomatiques, les hyphes se développent entre les cellules de la pellicule mais ressortent à l'extérieur, soit sous forme de mycélium, soit sous forme de conidiophores et assurent ainsi la propagation de la pourriture.+++Contrary to « common rot » which corresponds to the simultaneous development of Botrytis cinerea and various fungi (Penicillium, Aspergillus, etc...) on the burst grape berry, « noble rot » corresponds to an almost exclusive development of Botrytis on ripe and apparently intact berries.In this work, it is shown that the penetration of the germinative tubes or mycelium of Botrytis can only take place through the micro-lesions of the pellicle, the hyphae develop between the cells of other than the peristomatic breaks the pellicle but come out on the outside, either in the form of mycelium, or in the form of conidiophores and thus propagate the rot.

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The common transcriptional subnetworks of the grape berry skin in the late stages of ripening

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-017-1043-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ryan Ghan ◽

Juli Petereit ◽

Richard L. Tillett ◽

Karen A. Schlauch ◽

David Toubiana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grape Berry ◽

Berry Skin ◽

The Common ◽

Late Stages

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Molecular characterization of berry color locus on the portuguese cv. ‘Fernão Pires’ and cv. ‘Verdelho’ and their red-berried somatic variant cultivars

Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola ◽

10.1051/ctv/20183302184 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 184-190

Author(s):

Vanessa Ferreira ◽

Isaura Castro ◽

David Carrasco ◽

Olinda Pinto-Carnide ◽

Rosa Arroyo-García

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Apical Meristem ◽

Genomic Region ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Color Variation ◽

Berry Skin ◽

Somatic Variant ◽

Functional Allele ◽

Cell Layers

Genotyping studies are increasing the knowledge on grapevine biodiversity, particularly regarding grape berry skin color somatic variants, supporting the research on the color trait. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the berry color locus, and its surrounding genomic region, on the color variation of the Portuguese white-skinned cultivars ‘Fernão Pires’ and ‘Verdelho’ and its derived red-berried somatic variants cv. ‘Fernão Pires Rosado’ and cv. ‘Verdelho Roxo’, respectively. The analysis of Gret1 insertion within the VvMYBA1 gene revealed no polymorphism responsible for white-to-red shift of the red-skinned cv. ‘Fernão Pires Rosado’ and cv. ‘Verdelho Roxo’. Moreover, VvMYBA2 showed an important role regarding the phenotypic variation of cv. ‘Fernão Pires’, through the recovery of the functional allele G on cv. ‘Fernão Pires Rosado’. Regarding the data obtained for cv. ‘Verdelho’ and cv. ‘Verdelho Roxo’, both cultivars showed Gret1 insertion on VvMYBA1 and non-functional T allele on VvMYBA2 in homozygosity for both cell layers of shoot apical meristem, suggesting the occurrence of other mutational events responsible for the color gain.

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Determination of the mechanical properties of the grape berry skin by hydraulic measurements

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/0304-4238(85)90126-8 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 279-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

I. Lustig ◽

Z. Bernstein

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Berry Skin

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Berry pericarp ontogenesis from fertilization to maturity of Vitis vinifera L. var Merlot

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.1997.31.3.1080 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Monique Fougère-Rifot ◽

H.-S. Park ◽

Jacques Bouard

Keyword(s):

Cell Number ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Ovary Wall ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Berry Skin ◽

Wall Thinning ◽

Fruit Setting ◽

Parenchyma Cells ◽

Pulp Cells ◽

The One

Grape-flower ovary transformations is followed from fertilized flower to berry came to maturity. Cell transformations are studied, especially vacuolar tannins, starch and cell wall thinning :- From fruit setting to veraison, cell number of carpellary wall located between outer epidennis and vascular bundles is multiplied by 2.- Cell size increase considerably but by different means according to tissues: hypodennis cells elongate tangentially while inner parenchyma cells round.- Vacuolar tannins content in internal parenchyma cells decrease as soon as ovary is fertilized. During growth and veraison tannic cell number decrease. At maturity, only the most external cells (superficial hypodennis) still have vacuolar tannins. All the other cells of ovary wall have no more tannins.- Wall thickness decrease begins as soon as growth starts and this phenomena is continuous to maturity. The wall thinning down begins near the locules of ovary and is propagated towards the ouside of pericarp.- Amyloplasts disappear progressively. At maturity, there is scarcely no more startch in grape-berry.In short, except cells of berry skin, all the cells of ovary wall enlarge, lost their vacuolar tannins and the cell walls become very thin ; they are pulp cells.ln the pericarp of mature berry, hypodennis is very thin (less than 50 μm in places and 2-5 layers of cells). Pulp or flesh takes up a great place.This work is consecutived to the one on ovary before fertilization (FOUGÈRE-RIFOT et al., 1995) that shown 20 development stages from ovary primordia to the fertilized egg. From fertilized ovary to mature berry the development of pericarp is divided into 5 stages (stages 21 to 25) :- Stage 21 : first appearance of ovary inflation. Ovary takes a round shape. The thickness of carpellary wall is about 300 μm.- Stage 22 : fruit setting. Vacuolar tannins of inner parenchym disappear.- Stage 23 : berry growth.- Stage 23A : transformation of inner parenchym into pulp.- Stage 238 : transformation of deep hypodennis into pulp- Stage 23C : pulp cell enlargement.- Stage 24 : veraison. The definitive size of the berry is about reached.- Stage 24A : beginning of veraison. The hypodermis has still some thick walls.- Stage 248 : end of veraison. The hypodennis cells near the outer pulp cells change into pulp cells- Stage 25: maturity. Pulp is became very developped.

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Genomic and genetic analysis of Myb-related genes that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berry skin

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-008-0840-1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 117 (6) ◽

pp. 1009-1019 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Akifumi Azuma ◽

Shozo Kobayashi ◽

Nobuhito Mitani ◽

Mikio Shiraishi ◽

Masahiko Yamada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Analysis ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Berry Skin

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Germination and Establishment of Infection on Grape Berries by Single Airborne Conidia of Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2001.85.6.668 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (6) ◽

pp. 668-677 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

S. Coertze ◽

G. Holz ◽

A. Sadie

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Grape Berry ◽

High Rate ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Surface Colonization ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Infection Mode

Table grapes (cv. Dauphine) at different phenological stages were dusted in a settling tower with dry conidia of Botrytis cinerea. The berries were incubated for periods of 3 to 96 h at high relative humidity (RH; ±93% RH, moist berries), or were covered with a film of water (wet berries). Germination of the solitary conidia, appressorium formation, stilbene and suberin induction by germlings, and germling viability were examined by fluorescence microscopy after each incubation period. Isolation and freezing studies were conducted to determine surface colonization (berries left unsterile) and penetration (surface-disinfested berries). Symptoms were determined on berries incubated at a specific wetness regime, kept dry for 10 days, and then incubated for 4 days at high RH. Microscopic observations indicated that germination was delayed on immature berries, but proceeded at a high rate on mature berries. Growth was invariably restricted on moist berries. Attempted penetration was always direct. Stilbene and suberin were generally induced early and were intense on berries at the pea-size and bunch closure stages. Dieback of conidia and germlings occurred at a significantly higher rate on wet than moist berries, and was more pronounced on immature than on mature berries. The segment isolation and freezing studies showed that infections in grape berry cheeks established by this infection mode were few. Extended incubation periods did not lead to substantially higher rates of surface colonization and skin penetration. Disease symptoms did not develop during the 14-day period on the berries transferred to dry perspex chambers, irrespective of phenological stage, incubation period, or wetness regime. According to these findings, this mode of infection should not contribute to a gradual build-up of secondary inoculum in the vineyard, and to B. cinerea epiphytotics.

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