scholarly journals Molecular characterization of berry color locus on the portuguese cv. ‘Fernão Pires’ and cv. ‘Verdelho’ and their red-berried somatic variant cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ferreira ◽  
Isaura Castro ◽  
David Carrasco ◽  
Olinda Pinto-Carnide ◽  
Rosa Arroyo-García
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Somatic Variant ◽  
Functional Allele ◽  
Cell Layers

Genotyping studies are increasing the knowledge on grapevine biodiversity, particularly regarding grape berry skin color somatic variants, supporting the research on the color trait. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the berry color locus, and its surrounding genomic region, on the color variation of the Portuguese white-skinned cultivars ‘Fernão Pires’ and ‘Verdelho’ and its derived red-berried somatic variants cv. ‘Fernão Pires Rosado’ and cv. ‘Verdelho Roxo’, respectively. The analysis of Gret1 insertion within the VvMYBA1 gene revealed no polymorphism responsible for white-to-red shift of the red-skinned cv. ‘Fernão Pires Rosado’ and cv. ‘Verdelho Roxo’. Moreover, VvMYBA2 showed an important role regarding the phenotypic variation of cv. ‘Fernão Pires’, through the recovery of the functional allele G on cv. ‘Fernão Pires Rosado’. Regarding the data obtained for cv. ‘Verdelho’ and cv. ‘Verdelho Roxo’, both cultivars showed Gret1 insertion on VvMYBA1 and non-functional T allele on VvMYBA2 in homozygosity for both cell layers of shoot apical meristem, suggesting the occurrence of other mutational events responsible for the color gain.

scholarly journals Characterization of the ABA Receptor VlPYL1 That Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grape Berry Skin

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yujin Chen ◽  
Meng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grape Berry ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Aba Receptor

scholarly journals Identification of Vitis vinifera L. grape berry skin color mutants and polyphenolic profile

2016 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ferreira ◽  
Fátima Fernandes ◽  
Olinda Pinto-Carnide ◽  
Patrícia Valentão ◽  
Virgílio Falco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Polyphenolic Profile

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of berry skin color reversion on grape somatic variants

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ferreira ◽  
Isaura Castro ◽  
David Carrasco ◽  
Olinda Pinto-Carnide ◽  
Rosa Arroyo-García
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Color Reversion

scholarly journals Differences in berry primary and secondary metabolisms identified by transcriptomic and metabolic profiling of two table grape color somatic variants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Santibáñez ◽  
Carlos Meyer ◽  
Litsy Martínez ◽  
Tomás Moyano ◽  
John Lunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Sugar Phosphates ◽  
Sucrose Biosynthesis

ABSTRACTAnthocyanins are flavonoids responsible for the color of berries in skin-pigmented grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Due to the widely adopted vegetative propagation of this species, somatic mutations occurring in meristematic cell layers can be fixed and passed into the rest of the plant when cloned. In this study we focused on the transcriptomic and metabolic differences between two color somatic variants. Using microscopic, metabolic and mRNA profiling analyses we compared the table grape cultivar (cv.) ‘Red Globe’ (RG, with purplish berry skin) and cv. ‘Chimenti Globe’ (CG, with a contrasting reddish berry skin color). As expected, significant differences were found in the composition of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoids, but also in their upstream precursors’ shikimate and phenylalanine. Among primary metabolites, sugar phosphates related with sucrose biosynthesis were less accumulated in cv. ‘CG’. The red-skinned cv. ‘CG’ only contained di-hydroxylated anthocyanins (i.e. peonidin and cyanidin) while the tri-hydroxylated derivatives malvidin, delphinidin and petunidin were absent, in correlation to the reddish cv. ‘CG’ skin coloration. Transcriptomic analysis showed alteration in flavonoid metabolism and terpenoid pathways and in primary metabolism such as sugar content. Eleven flavonoid 3’5’-hydroxylase gene copies were down-regulated in cv. ‘CG’. This family of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductases are key in the biosynthesis of tri-hydroxylated anthocyanins. Many transcription factors appeared down-regulated in cv. ‘CG’ in correlation to the metabolic and transcriptomic changes observed. The use of molecular markers and its confirmation with our RNA-seq data showed the exclusive presence of the null MYBA2 white allele (i.e. homozygous in both L1 and L2 layers) in the two somatic variants. Therefore, the differences in MYBA1 expression seem sufficient for the skin pigmentation differences and the changes in MYBA target gene expression in cv. ‘Chimenti Globe’.

scholarly journals Quality Changes in Grape Berry as Affected by the Use of Different Colored Shade Nets Proposed to Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sabir ◽  
Ferhan Sabir ◽  
Akram Ibrahim Mohammed Jawshle
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Table Grape Cultivar

In Turkey, viticulture practices have displayed significant development with the production of high quality fresh grapes, juice, molasses and raisin. Grape berries contain high amount of phenolic compounds collected enormous interest due to their essential function in the improvement of produces attained from grapes, but also for their potential useful health effects as functional food. The purpose of present investigation was to reveal the effects of different colored shade nets on berry skin color and functional properties of grape juice. Four years old vines of ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ table grape were cultivated soilless in about 70 L black plastic pots containing sterile peat and perlite mixture under controlled glasshouse condition. The grapevines were covered with different colored shading nets (yellow, blue, white, red, green and black) at the beginning of the summer period. At commercial maturity, investigations show that berry skin color and the analyzed biochemical features of ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ table grape cultivar displayed great variations in response to the different colored shade net. Such differential effects should be evaluated when the use of shade nets is considered in protected viticulture to cope with environmental constraints. The findings may also be useful for the future experiments under conventional vineyard conditions.

scholarly journals Spontaneous variation regarding grape berry skin color: A comprehensive study of berry development by means of biochemical and molecular markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ferreira ◽  
Fátima Fernandes ◽  
David Carrasco ◽  
Marivel Gonzalez Hernandez ◽  
Olinda Pinto-Carnide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Comprehensive Study

“Because I’m Light Skin . . . They Think I’m Italian”

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Fergus
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Opportunity Structure ◽  
Mexican Students ◽  
Light Skin ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Discussions on Latino/a students’ interpretation of the opportunity structure and schooling treat racial/ethnic identification among Latino/as as static, despite skin color variation. This article provides findings from interviews with six Mexican students who discussed teachers identifying them as “White-looking” or “Hispanic/Mexican-looking.” Both groups shared belief in the achievement ideology and understood the opportunity structure as fraught with barriers. However, the “White-looking” students perceived themselves as being able to permeate such barriers meanwhile the “Hispanic/Mexican-looking” students believed such barriers affect their ability to “make it” regardless of their aspirations. This study raises questions regarding theories on academic variability of Latino/a students.

Regulation of cell proliferation patterns by homeotic genes during Arabidopsis floral development

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Jenik ◽  
V.F. Irish
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Transmitting Tract ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Element System ◽  
Cell Layers

The shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana consists of three cell layers that proliferate to give rise to the aerial organs of the plant. By labeling cells in each layer using an Ac-based transposable element system, we mapped their contributions to the floral organs, as well as determined the degree of plasticity in this developmental process. We found that each cell layer proliferates to give rise to predictable derivatives: the L1 contributes to the epidermis, the stigma, part of the transmitting tract and the integument of the ovules, while the L2 and L3 contribute, to different degrees, to the mesophyll and other internal tissues. In order to test the roles of the floral homeotic genes in regulating these patterns of cell proliferation, we carried out similar clonal analyses in apetala3-3 and agamous-1 mutant plants. Our results suggest that cell division patterns are regulated differently at different stages of floral development. In early floral stages, the pattern of cell divisions is dependent on position in the floral meristem, and not on future organ identity. Later, during organogenesis, the layer contributions to the organs are controlled by the homeotic genes. We also show that AGAMOUS is required to maintain the layered structure of the meristem prior to organ initiation, as well as having a non-autonomous role in the regulation of the layer contributions to the petals.

scholarly journals Genetic Mapping and Molecular Characterization of a Broad-spectrum Phytophthora sojae Resistance Gene in Chinese Soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhong ◽  
Yinping Li ◽  
Suli Sun ◽  
Canxing Duan ◽  
Zhendong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Lrr Domain

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) causes serious annual soybean yield losses worldwide. The most effective method to prevent PRR involves growing cultivars that possess genes conferring resistance to Phytophthora sojae (Rps). In this study, QTL-sequencing combined with genetic mapping was used to identify RpsX in soybean cultivar Xiu94-11 resistance to all P. sojae isolates tested, exhibiting broad-spectrum PRR resistance. Subsequent analysis revealed RpsX was located in the 242-kb genomic region spanning the RpsQ locus. However, a phylogenetic investigation indicated Xiu94-11 carrying RpsX is distantly related to the cultivars containing RpsQ, implying RpsX and RpsQ have different origins. An examination of candidate genes revealed RpsX and RpsQ share common nonsynonymous SNP and a 144-bp insertion in the Glyma.03g027200 sequence encoding a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region. Glyma.03g027200 was considered to be the likely candidate gene of RpsQ and RpsX. Sequence analyses confirmed that the 144-bp insertion caused by an unequal exchange resulted in two additional LRR-encoding fragments in the candidate gene. A marker developed based on the 144-bp insertion was used to analyze the genetic population and germplasm, and proved to be useful for identifying the RpsX and RpsQ alleles. This study implies that the number of LRR units in the LRR domain may be important for PRR resistance in soybean.

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