In planta PCR-based detection of early infection of plant-parasitic nematodes in the roots: a step towards the understanding of infection and plant defence

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syarifah Aisyafaznim Sayed Abdul Rahman ◽  
Zulqarnain Mohamed ◽  
Rofina Yasmin Othman ◽  
Rony Swennen ◽  
Bart Panis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Early Infection ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Mutualistic endophytic fungi and in-planta suppressiveness to plant parasitic nematodes

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Sikora ◽  
Luis Pocasangre ◽  
Alexandra zum Felde ◽  
Bjoern Niere ◽  
Tam T. Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Parasitic

scholarly journals Marasmius oreades agglutinin enhances resistance of Arabidopsis against plant-parasitic nematodes and a herbivorous insect

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboubakr Moradi ◽  
Tina Austerlitz ◽  
Paul Dahlin ◽  
Christelle AM Robert ◽  
Corina Maurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Background Plant-parasitic nematodes and herbivorous insects have a significant negative impact on global crop production. A successful approach to protect crops from these pests is the in planta expression of nematotoxic or entomotoxic proteins such as crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or plant lectins. However, the efficacy of this approach is threatened by emergence of resistance in nematode and insect populations to these proteins. To solve this problem, novel nematotoxic and entomotoxic proteins are needed. During the last two decades, several cytoplasmic lectins from mushrooms with nematicidal and insecticidal activity have been characterized. In this study, we tested the potential of Marasmius oreades agglutinin (MOA) to furnish Arabidopsis plants with resistance towards three economically important crop pests: the two plant-parasitic nematodes Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne incognita and the herbivorous diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Results The expression of MOA does not affect plant growth under axenic conditions which is an essential parameter in the engineering of genetically modified crops. The transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed nearly complete resistance to H. schachtii, in that the number of female and male nematodes per cm root was reduced by 86–91 % and 43–93 % compared to WT, respectively. M. incognita proved to be less susceptible to the MOA protein in that 18–25 % and 26–35 % less galls and nematode egg masses, respectively, were observed in the transgenic lines. Larvae of the herbivorous P. xylostella foraging on MOA-expression lines showed a lower relative mass gain (22–38 %) and survival rate (15–24 %) than those feeding on WT plants. Conclusions The results of our in planta experiments reveal a robust nematicidal and insecticidal activity of the fungal lectin MOA against important agricultural pests which may be exploited for crop protection.

scholarly journals Screening of anti-nematode potential through inhibition of egg hatching in plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne javanica

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Shilpy Shakya ◽  
Bindhya Chal Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes have emerged as nature’s most successful among all parasites known till today. These animals have been reported from all terrains of all ecosystems. Their capability to survive on a wide diversity of the host plants, circumvent host plant defence is a few of several of their secrets making them most successful of all known parasites. Among various groups of plant-parasitic nematodes, endo-parasitic nematodes are the most damaging one and also difficult to control. Meloidogyne sps. are commonly known as root-knot nematodes. Our inability to control them is primarily due to our poor understanding of the biology of these plant parasites. Due to the availability of the complete genome sequence of few Meloidogyne species, biotechnological interventions are used to unravel the secrets of their success. Chemical controls of these nematodes are extensively reported in the literature. Due to the environmental toxicity associated with these chemicals, and restrictions on the use of chemicals against nematodes led to screening and development of eco-friendly management strategies. The present study was conducted to screen nematotoxic properties of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), Kachnar (Bauhinia variegate), Bel (Aegle marmelos) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules) leaf extracts against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in vitro. The aqueous extracts were used against the hatching of the nematode eggs, movement of second stage juveniles (J2) and the viability of the J2 in increasing concentration of the bioactive compound. The eggs were treated with various concentrations of the selected extracts for different time periods ranging from 24h to 6 days. A significant inhibition of egg hatching and increase in the mortality of the nematode juvenile in few of the aqueous extracts were recorded. Reduced egg hatching and increased mortality of the nematode juveniles could be maybe the indicators of the presence of anti-nematode potential in the selected plant leaves. The results from the study can pave the way for the development of eco-friendly management strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes.

scholarly journals Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Attacking Chickpea and Their In Planta Interactions with Rhizobia and Phytopathogenic Fungi

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Castillo ◽  
Juan A. Navas-Cortés ◽  
Blanca B. Landa ◽  
Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz ◽  
Nicola Vovlas
Keyword(s):  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The Use of RNA Interference in Enhancing Plant Resistance against Nematodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siye Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes caused severe yield loss in major crops all over the world. The most wild-used strategies to combat the nematodes is the chamical nematicides, but the overuse of synthetic nematicides threaten sustainable agriculture development. Other strategies, like resistance cultivars and crop rotation, have limited efficiency. Thus, the utilization of molecular biotechnology like RNA interference (RNAi) would be one of the alternative ways to enhance plant resistance against nematodes. RNAi has already used as a tool for gene functional analysis in a wide range of species, especially in the non-parasitic nematode, Caenorhabtidis elegans. In plant-parasitic nematodes, RNAi is induced by soaking nematodes with double-strand RNA(dsRNA) solution mixed with neurostimulants, which is called in vitro RNAi delivery method. In another way around, in planta RNAi method, which is Host-mediated RNAi approach also showed a great success in conferring the resistance against root-knock nematodes. Two main advantages of RNAi-based transgenics are RNAi technology do not produce any functional foreign proteins and it target organisms in a sequence-specific way. Even though the development of RNAi-based transgenics against plant-parasitic nematodes is still in the initial phase, it offers the prospect into a novel nematode control strategy in the future.

Getting to the root of neuronal signalling in plant-parasitic nematodes using RNA interference

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven McMaster ◽  
Susan McKinney ◽  
Aaron Maule ◽  
Michael Kimber ◽  
Colin Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Neuronal Signalling ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractA variety of genes expressed in preparasitic second-stage juveniles (J2) of plant-parasitic nematodes appear to be vulnerable to RNA interference (RNAi) in vitro by coupling double-stranded (ds)RNA soaking with the artificial stimulation of pharyngeal pumping. Also, there is mounting evidence that the in planta generation of nematode-specific double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) has real utility in the control of these pests. Although neuronally-expressed genes in Caenorhabditis elegans are commonly refractory to RNAi, we have discovered that neuronally-expressed genes in plant-parasitic nematodes are highly susceptible to RNAi and that silencing can be induced by simple soaking procedures without the need for pharyngeal stimulation. Since most front-line anthelmintics that are used for the control of nematode parasites of animals and humans act to disrupt neuromuscular coordination, we argue that intercellular signalling processes associated with neurons have much appeal as targets for transgenic plant-based control strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes. FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) are a large family of neuropeptides which are intimately associated with neuromuscular regulation, and our studies on flp gene function in plant-parasitic nematodes have revealed that their expression is central to coordinated locomotory activities. We propose that the high level of conservation in nervous systems across nematodes coupled with the RNAi-susceptibility of neuronally-expressed genes in plant-parasitic nematodes provides a valuable research tool which could be used to interrogate neuronal signalling processes in nematodes.

Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Florida Cotton Production

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Zane Grabau
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Plant Parasitic

This 8-page fact sheet written by Zane J. Grabau and published in January 2017 by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology explains how to diagnose and manage nematode problems in cotton production.­http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ng015

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