Biochemical and plant nutrient alterations induced by Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum f.Sp.radicis lycopersici co-infection on tomato cultivars with differing level of resistance to M. javanica

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajji Lobna ◽  
Elouaer Mohamed Aymen ◽  
Regaieg Hajer ◽  
M’Hamdi-Boughalleb Naima ◽  
Horrigue-Raouani Najet
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Studies on the interactions between Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Verticillium dahliae and Meloidogyne spp. in resistant and susceptible tomatoes

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
TV Price ◽  
RW McLeod ◽  
JB Sumeghy
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Appreciable Difference ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

The interactions between Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 1, Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and M. hapla on four hybrid tomato cultivars H1, H2, H3, and H4, bred for resistance to all pathogcns, and the susceptible cultivar 'Rouge de Marmande' after 56 days were investigated. The resistance of the hybrids was confirmed with no appreciable difference between the hybrids. Galling in the hybrids was due to M. hapla, the hybrids being less resistant to this species. Galling was significantly (P = 0.05) decreased in the presence of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Meloidogyne spp. did not increase infection by V. dahliae or F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Infection by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was significantly (P = 0.05) increased in the presence of V. dalzliae plus Meloidogyne spp. Infection by V. clahliae was low throughout the experiment. V. dahliae was isolated more frequently in the presence of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The decrease in galling in the presence of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was countered by the presence of V. dahliae. In the susceptible cultlvar and after 77 days, the presence of V. dahliae decreased the frequency of isolation of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, but there was no effect of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on isolation frequency of V. dahliue.

Immunocytochemical localization of callose in the vascular tissue of tomato and cotton plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Mueller ◽  
A. T. Morgham ◽  
E. M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Gold Labelling ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Callose (β-1,3-glucan) was localized with the electron microscope in the contact cells surrounding vessels of tomato and cotton infected with Fusarium oxysporum by means of gold labelling with a polyclonal antiserum to β-1,3-glucan. The callose was deposited in the apposition layers formed after infection in the cells surrounding initially infected vessels. Callose was not detected in the contact cells surrounding secondarily infected vessels. Callose could be detected in the contact cells of resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars 4 h after inoculation. Key words: β-1,3-glucans, contact cells, gold labelling, Gossypium, Lycopersicon esculentum.

scholarly journals REACTION OF BANANA CULTIVARS TO THE Meloidogyne javanica X Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense COMPLEX

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-583
Author(s):  
LEANDRO DE SOUZA ROCHA ◽  
ROBERT FELIX DE SANTANA ◽  
ANA CRISTINA FERMINO SOARES ◽  
FERNANDO HADDAD
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Panama Disease ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Inoculation Time

ABSTRACT The interaction Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) x nematode and the genetic variability of Foc are the main problems with potential to affect the use of resistant varieties in the management of the Panama disease. The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction between Foc and Meloidogyne javanica on the banana of the Prata Anã, Grande Naine and BRS Princesa cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with six treatments and ten replications, which differed in the inoculation time of each pathogen. Simultaneous inoculation with Foc and M. javanica, inoculation with Foc one week before inoculation with M. javanica, and inoculation with M. javanica one week before inoculation with Foc. In addition to the controls, Foc isolated, M. javanica isolated, and cultivars without the pathogens. The seedlings were transplanted in 3-liter pots with sterile soil infested with 40 grams of Foc inoculum at the concentration of 1x106CFU/gram and 1000 eggs and J2 of M. javanica. At the end of 56 days, the treatments with 'Grande Naine' presented the highest reproduction factors of M. javanica. In the 'Prata Anã' no interaction was observed between Foc x M. javanica. The treatments with simultaneous inoculation of the two pathogens, and with Foc a week before, in the 'BRS Princesa', presented the highest external disease indices (DI), which promoted the highest AUDPC. The highest internal DI were observed in the treatments Foc+Mj+Grande Naine, Foc+Mj+BRS Princesa, Mj+Grande Naine+Foc and Foc+BRS Princesa+Mj. The simultaneous presence of M. javanica and Foc increases the severity of the Panama disease in Grande Naine and BRS Princesa cultivars.

scholarly journals Evaluación in vitro de hongos nematófagos en zonas arroceras de Costa Rica contra el nematodo agallador Meloidogyne javanica

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Peraza Padilla ◽  
Martha Orozco Aceves ◽  
Alejandro Esquivel Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Se evaluó el parasitismo in vitro de 14 aislamientos de hongos nematófagos (6 Trichoderma sp., 4 Paecilomyces sp., 2 Fusarium oxysporum, y 2 Monacrosporium sp.) contra juveniles y huevos del nematodo agallador Meloidogyne javanica. Los hongos, de 3 regiones productoras de arroz en Costa Rica, (Pacífico Central, Huetar Atlántica y Chorotega), se aislaron mediante el método de espolvoreado en placas, durante abril del 2008 a agosto de 2009. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con 10 repeticiones por hongo, en agar-agua (AA). Se inoculó una suspensión de 1 a 1,5x10 6 conidios (ufc.ml -1 ) por plato Petri, y al cuarto día se depositó en 0,5 ml una suspensión de 150 juveniles y 100 huevos de M. javanica previamente desinfectados, a temperatura ambiente (23-26°C) y con luz natural. Transcurridas 96 h se contó en cada plato el número de nematodos vivos, muertos ó parasi- tados y de huevos parasitados o no parasitados. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística (RL) para las variables evaluadas, el cual mostró diferencias significativas (p<0,0001) en el desempeño de los hongos evaluados, presentando rangos de entre 10% a 56% en nematodos muertos, de 13% a 79% en nematodos parasitados y de 1% a 96% en huevos parasitados. En general, los hongos del género Trichoderma (Tri1, Tri2, Tri3 y Tri4) fueron los más eficientes en el parasitismo sobre juveniles y huevos de M. javanica.

scholarly journals Multiple Evolutionary Trajectories Have Led to the Emergence of Races in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chellappan Biju ◽  
Like Fokkens ◽  
Petra M. Houterman ◽  
Martijn Rep ◽  
Ben J. C. Cornelissen
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Genomic Fragment ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Race 2

ABSTRACT Race 1 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) are characterized by the presence of AVR1 in their genomes. The product of this gene, Avr1, triggers resistance in tomato cultivars carrying resistance gene I. In FOL race 2 and race 3 isolates, AVR1 is absent, and hence they are virulent on tomato cultivars carrying I. In this study, we analyzed an approximately 100-kb genomic fragment containing the AVR1 locus of FOL race 1 isolate 004 (FOL004) and compared it to the sequenced genome of FOL race 2 isolate 4287 (FOL4287). A genomic fragment of 31 kb containing AVR1 was found to be missing in FOL4287. Further analysis suggests that race 2 evolved from race 1 by deletion of this 31-kb fragment due to a recombination event between two transposable elements bordering the fragment. A worldwide collection of 71 FOL isolates representing races 1, 2, and 3, all known vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), and five continents was subjected to PCR analysis of the AVR1 locus, including the two bordering transposable elements. Based on phylogenetic analysis using the EF1-α gene, five evolutionary lineages for FOL that correlate well with VCGs were identified. More importantly, we show that FOL races evolved in a stepwise manner within each VCG by the loss of function of avirulence genes in a number of alternative ways. IMPORTANCE Plant-pathogenic microorganisms frequently mutate to overcome disease resistance genes that have been introduced in crops. For the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt in tomato, we have identified the nature of the mutations that have led to the overcoming of the I and I-2 resistance genes in all five known clonal lineages, which include a newly discovered lineage. Five different deletion events, at least several of which are caused by recombination between transposable elements, have led to loss of AVR1 and overcoming of I. Two new events affecting AVR2 that led to overcoming of I-2 have been identified. We propose a reconstruction of the evolution of races in FOL, in which the same mutations in AVR2 and AVR3 have occurred in different lineages and the FOL pathogenicity chromosome has been transferred to new lineages several times.

scholarly journals A Population of Meloidogyne javanica in Spain Virulent to the Mi Resistance Gene in Tomato

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ornat ◽  
S. Verdejo-Lucas ◽  
F. J. Sorribas
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Initial Population Density ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Mi Gene ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

A population of Meloidogyne javanica virulent to Mi-gene in tomato was identified in Spain. It reproduced similarly on resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars in the greenhouse, microplots, and in the field. In monoxenic cultures, reproduction of the virulent M. javanica was higher than that of an avirulent population on resistant but not on susceptible tomatoes. The virulent population suppressed tomato yield of both resistant and susceptible tomatoes by 29% in microplots. Initial population density (Pi) was inversely correlated with Pf (final population density)/Pi on both resistant and susceptible tomatoes in the field. A negative correlation was found between Pi and tomato yield for the susceptible but not for the resistant cultivar.

Analysis of vegetative compatibility groups in nonpathogenic populations of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from symptomless tomato roots

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2089-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol S. Elias ◽  
R. W. Schneider ◽  
M. M. Lear
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Nitrate Metabolism ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

A collection of 471 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum was obtained from symptomless tomato roots of plants grown at eight locations in Louisiana. Isolates that produced nitrate metabolism mutants (317 isolates) were included in an analysis of vegetative compatibility groups. One hundred and eighty-six isolates were assigned to 48 vegetative compatibility groups (2015–2062) containing 2–15 members from one to three different collection sites. Even though each site contained sub-populations of F. oxysporum common to other sites, only about half of the vegetative compatibility groups (21 groups) contained isolates from more than one site. In addition, there were 131 isolates of F. oxysporum that formed single-member vegetative compatibility groups. This diverse population composition is probably the result of several factors, including breeding strategies for resistance to fusarium wilt and tomato production practices in Louisiana. Resistance genes and horticultural traits from several sources (Lycopersicon spp.) have been incorporated into commercial tomato cultivars currently being grown. In addition, the long growing season in Louisiana allows several tomato cultivars containing different genes for resistance to be grown consecutively in the same field in a single year. Furthermore, other vegetable crops may be alternated with the tomato crops. Thus, the selection pressures that influence the composition of the nonpathogenic populations of F. oxysporum are in a constant state of flux. Key words: Fusarium oxysporum, genetic diversity, nonpathogens, vegetative compatibility groups.

A study of heterokaryosis and its influence on virulence in Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmel S. Sldhu ◽  
John M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Natural Variability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Fungi Imperfecti

Single-step amino acid auxotrophs were obtained by ultraviolet irradiation of microconidia from races I and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici. Intrarace and interrace combinations were made between the mutants to synthesize heterokaryons. After appropriate tests, 13 heterokaryons were selected for analyses of nuclear ratios and virulence. Results indicate that nuclear ratios of intrarace heterokaryons were more balanced than those of interrace heterokaryons. This may be due to incompatibility factors. Tests on four tomato cultivars indicate that heterokaryons rarely show an increase in virulence. There was limited occurrence and low survival of heterokaryons under soil conditions. The findings are discussed in light of the role of heterokaryosis in natural variability and virulence of Fungi Imperfecti.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document