Acute aquatic toxicity of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) foliage and Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) heartwood oils

2009 ◽  
Vol 170 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 585-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Duringer ◽  
Laurence R. Swan ◽  
Douglas B. Walker ◽  
A. Morrie Craig
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Western Juniper ◽  
Juniperus Occidentalis ◽  
Acute Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana ◽  
Port Orford Cedar

Antifungal Activities of Four Cedar Foliage Oils to Wood Stain or Decay Fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Shu Jun Li ◽  
Camille Freitag ◽  
Jeff J. Morrell ◽  
Joe J. Karchesy
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Western Juniper ◽  
Juniperus Occidentalis ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana ◽  
Port Orford Cedar

Antifungal activities of essential oils have been extensively studied and these materials have the potential to replace synthetic biocides. In this study, the chemical composition of Leyland cypress (× Cupressocyparis leylandii), Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa), Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis), and Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) foliage oils were determined and their antifungal activities on wood were analyzed. GC-MS analysis showed that monoterpenoids represented more than 90 percent of the oils except Port Orford cedar oil, where monoterpenoids comprised only one third of the oil. Cedar oils were reduced the growth of selected mold fungi and were capable of some inhibition of decay fungi, but could not completely protect wood from stain or decay fungi.

scholarly journals Ecotoxicological assessment of nanoparticle-containing acrylic copolymer dispersions in fairy shrimp and zebrafish embryos

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1981-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara S. Galloway ◽  
Yuktee Dogra ◽  
Natalie Garrett ◽  
Darren Rowe ◽  
Charles R. Tyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Fairy Shrimp ◽  
Acrylic Copolymer ◽  
Acrylic Polymer ◽  
Ecotoxicological Assessment ◽  
Acute Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Polymer Dispersions

Nanoparticle-containing acrylic polymer dispersions showed virtually no acute aquatic toxicity in fairy shrimp and zebrafish embryos.

Effects of fuel morphology on ember generation characteristics at the tree scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Tyler R. Hudson ◽  
Ryan B. Bray ◽  
David L. Blunck ◽  
Wesley Page ◽  
Bret Butler
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Abies Grandis ◽  
Western Juniper ◽  
Juniperus Occidentalis ◽  
Spot Fires

This work reports characteristics of embers generated by torching trees and seeks to identify the important physical and biological factors involved. The size of embers, number flux and propensity to ignite spot fires (i.e. number flux of ‘hot’ embers) are reported for several tree species under different combinations of number (one, three or five) and moisture content (11–193%). Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), grand fir (Abies grandis), western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees were evaluated. Embers were collected on an array of fire-resistant fabric panels and trays filled with water. Douglas-fir trees generated the highest average ember flux per kilogram of mass loss during torching, whereas grand fir trees generated the highest ‘hot’ ember flux per kilogram of mass loss. Western juniper produced the largest fraction of ‘hot’ embers, with ~30% of the embers generated being hot enough to leave char marks. In contrast, only 6% of the embers generated by ponderosa pine were hot enough to leave char marks. Results from this study can be used to help understand the propensity of different species of tree to produce embers and the portion of embers that may be hot enough to start a spot fire.

scholarly journals Identifying and designing chemicals with minimal acute aquatic toxicity

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (20) ◽  
pp. 6289-6294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Kostal ◽  
Adelina Voutchkova-Kostal ◽  
Paul T. Anastas ◽  
Julie Beth Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Industrial Ecology ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Acute Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Stocks And Flows ◽  
Inherent Nature

Industrial ecology has revolutionized our understanding of material stocks and flows in our economy and society. For this important discipline to have even deeper impact, we must understand the inherent nature of these materials in terms of human health and the environment. This paper focuses on methods to design synthetic chemicals to reduce their intrinsic ability to cause adverse consequence to the biosphere. Advances in the fields of computational chemistry and molecular toxicology in recent decades allow the development of predictive models that inform the design of molecules with reduced potential to be toxic to humans or the environment. The approach presented herein builds on the important work in quantitative structure–activity relationships by linking toxicological and chemical mechanistic insights to the identification of critical physical–chemical properties needed to be modified. This in silico approach yields design guidelines using boundary values for physiochemical properties. Acute aquatic toxicity serves as a model endpoint in this study. Defining value ranges for properties related to bioavailability and reactivity eliminates 99% of the chemicals in the highest concern for acute aquatic toxicity category. This approach and its future implementations are expected to yield very powerful tools for life cycle assessment practitioners and molecular designers that allow rapid assessment of multiple environmental and human health endpoints and inform modifications to minimize hazard.

Acute Aquatic Toxicity and Biodegradability of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 3733-3741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole S. M. Vieira ◽  
Stefan Stolte ◽  
João M. M. Araújo ◽  
Luís Paulo N. Rebelo ◽  
Ana B. Pereiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Acute Aquatic Toxicity
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