Adaptation decision-making in the Nordic countries: assessing the potential for joint action

This article gives a novel approach to cooperative decision-making algorithms by Joint Action learning for the retail shop application. Accordingly, this approach presents three retailer stores in the retail marketplace. Retailers can help to each other and can obtain profit from cooperation knowledge through learning their own strategies that just stand for their aims and benefit. The vendors are the knowledgeable agents to employ cooperative learning to train in the circumstances. Assuming a significant hypothesis on the vendor's stock policy, restock period, and arrival process of the consumers, the approach was formed as a Markov model. The proposed algorithms learn dynamic consumer performance. Moreover, the article illustrates the results of cooperative reinforcement learning algorithms by joint action learning of three shop agents for the period of one-year sale duration. Two approaches have been compared in the article, i.e. multi-agent Q Learning and joint action learning.

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Three-stage quantitative approach of understanding household adaptation decisions in rural Cambodia

International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management ◽

10.1108/ijccsm-01-2019-0004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 39-58

Author(s):

Xi Jiao ◽

Yuan Zheng ◽

Zhen Liu

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Decision Making ◽

Adaptive Capacity ◽

Multiple Stressors ◽

Early Warning Systems ◽

Development Aid ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Key Factors ◽

Content Type ◽

Adaptation Decision

Purpose A better understanding of the processes that shape households’ adaptation decisions is essential for developing pertinent policies locally, thereby enabling better adaptation across scales and multiple stakeholders. This paper aims to examine the determinants of household decisions to adapt, it is also possible to target factors that facilitate or constrain adaptation. This helps to identify key components of current adaptive capacity, which leads to important insights into households’ competence to adapt in the future. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes a full-pledged approach examining factors and processes that shape households’ climate adaptation decision-making in rural Cambodia at three levels: adaptation status, adaptation intensity and choices of adaptation strategy. The three-stage analyses are materialized by applying the double hurdle model and multivariate probit model, which provides a potential way to systematically assess household adaptation decision-making in rural settings. Findings Results show a high level of involvement in adaptation among local households who are facing multiple stressors including climatic risks. The findings suggest that perceived climate change influence households’ decisions in both adaptation status and intensity. Access to financial credit, farmland size, water availability and physical asset holdings are identified as key factors promoting the adoption of more adaptation measures. To facilitate adaptation, collective effort and support at community level is important in providing knowledge based climate information dissemination and early warning systems. Public sector support and development aid programs should focus on positive triggers for targeted community and household adaptation. Originality/value The study, to the authors’ best knowledge, is one of the first studies to investigate the determinants of local adaptation decision-making systematically in Cambodia. It also provides a comprehensive approach to improve understanding of adaptation decision-making processes by exploring how various capital assets are associated with different stages of adaptation decisions. The findings contribute to policy implications enlightening adaptation planning at multi-scales with knowledge of key factors, which enhance local adaptive capacity to reduce climate change vulnerability.

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Decision-Making by Water Managers Despite Climate Uncertainty

The Oxford Handbook of Planning for Climate Change Hazards ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190455811.013.52 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rob Wilby ◽

Conor Murphy

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Decision Making ◽

Information Exchange ◽

Stress Test ◽

Demand Management ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Future System ◽

Adaptation Decision ◽

Further Development ◽

Analytical Frameworks

Some of the most profound impacts of climate variability and change are expected in the water sector. These include more frequent, severe, and persistent droughts; more frequent, widespread, and extreme floods; more episodic and harmful water pollution episodes. Coping with more variable water supplies alongside rising demand will involve institutional reform, new infrastructure, adjustments to operations, and water demand management. A smarter, decision-led approach to deploying climate information in water management will also be required. This chapter begins with an overview of analytical frameworks for assessing and adapting water resource systems to uncertain climate threats and opportunities. It then gives examples of the diverse sources of information that are being accessed by some water managers to establish plausible ranges of climate change as a basis for decision-making. Examples from Denver, Colorado, and Dublin, Republic of Ireland show how narratives of future system changes and historical data can help test the efficacy of decisions under uncertainty. These two case studies demonstrate how early dialogue and information exchange among practitioners and scientists are fundamental to adaptation planning. In both places, unconventional sources of climate risk information were used to more rigorously stress test water management and planning assumptions. The preferred adaptation decision frameworks were dynamic, iterative, and open-ended. The chapter closes by acknowledging that further development of the decision-making approaches described herein may be needed to evaluate mixtures of adaptation options across multiple sectors.

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The role of climate models in adaptation decision-making: the case of the UK climate projections 2009

European Journal for Philosophy of Science ◽

10.1007/s13194-015-0114-0 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 233-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Liam James Heaphy

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Climate Models ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Adaptation Decision ◽

The Uk

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Health-promoting and preventive interventions for community-dwelling older people published from inception to 2019: a scoping review to guide decision making in a Swedish municipality context

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-020-00480-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saranda Bajraktari ◽

Marlene Sandlund ◽

Magnus Zingmark

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Older People ◽

Nordic Countries ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Preventive Interventions ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Community Dwelling Older People

Abstract Background Despite the promising evidence of health-promoting and preventive interventions for maintaining health among older people, not all interventions can be implemented due to limited resources. Due to the variation of content in the interventions and the breadth of outcomes used to evaluate effects in such interventions, comparisons are difficult and the choice of which interventions to implement is challenging. Therefore, more information, beyond effects, is needed to guide decision-makers. The aim of this review was to investigate, to what degree factors important for decision-making have been reported in the existing health-promoting and preventive interventions literature for community-dwelling older people in the Nordic countries. Methods This review was guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews), the methodological steps for scoping reviews described in the Arksey and O′Malley’s framework, and the Medical Research Council’s (MRC) guidance on complex interventions. Eligible studies for inclusion were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) concerning health promotion or primary prevention for community-dwelling older people implemented in the Nordic countries. Additionally, all included RCTs were searched for related papers that were reporting on additional factors. Eligible studies were searched in seven databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Academic Search Elite, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, and SPORTDiscus. Results Eighty-two studies met the inclusion criteria (twenty-seven unique studies and fifty-five related studies). Twelve studies focused on fall prevention, eleven had a health-promoting approach, and four studies focused on preventing disability. All interventions, besides one, reported positive effects on at least one health outcome. Three studies reported data on cost-effectiveness, three on experiences of participants and two conducted feasibility studies. Only one intervention, reported information on all seven factors. Conclusions All identified studies on health-promoting and preventive interventions for older people evaluated in the Nordic countries report positive effects although the magnitude of effects and number of follow-ups differed substantially. Overall, there was a general lack of studies on feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and experiences of participants, thus, limiting the basis for decision making. Considering all reported factors, promising candidates to be recommended for implementation in a Nordic municipality context are ‘Senior meetings’, ‘preventive home visits’ and ‘exercise interventions’ on its own or combined with other components.

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