Selection on growth rates via a trade-off between survival to sexual maturity and longevity in the swordtail fish Xiphophorus multilineatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Weinstein ◽  
Melissa N. Liotta ◽  
Aaron Solitt ◽  
Adam Hunt ◽  
Jessica K. Abbott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Swordtail Fish

scholarly journals Escherichia colipopulations adapt to complex, unpredictable fluctuations without any trade-offs across environments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraddha Karve ◽  
Devika Bhave ◽  
Dhanashri Nevgi ◽  
Sutirth Dey
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Multiple Stresses ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fluctuating Environments ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Lower Variation

AbstractIn nature, organisms are simultaneously exposed to multiple stresses (i.e. complex environments) that often fluctuate unpredictably. While both these factors have been studied in isolation, the interaction of the two remains poorly explored. To address this issue, we selected laboratory populations ofEscherichia coliunder complex (i.e. stressful combinations of pH, H2O2and NaCl) unpredictably fluctuating environments for ~900 generations. We compared the growth rates and the corresponding trade-off patterns of these populations to those that were selected under constant values of the component stresses (i.e. pH, H2O2and NaCl) for the same duration. The fluctuation-selected populations had greater mean growth rate and lower variation for growth rate over all the selection environments experienced. However, while the populations selected under constant stresses experienced severe tradeoffs in many of the environments other than those in which they were selected, the fluctuation-selected populations could by-pass the across-environment trade-offs completely. Interestingly, trade-offs were found between growth rates and carrying capacities. The results suggest that complexity and fluctuations can strongly affect the underlying trade-off structure in evolving populations.

scholarly journals Impact of Feed Rations on Growth, Selected Body Parameters and Maturation of Vendace, Coregonus Albula L., Reared in RAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Bożena Szczepkowska ◽  
Mirosław Szczepkowski ◽  
Iwona Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Coregonus Albula ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Mature Fish ◽  
Final Survival ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
Commercial Size

Abstract Vendace, Coregonus albula L., was reared to commercial size in a recirculating system. Three different feed rations were applied during the ten-month-long experiment. The feed rations impacted fish growth rates, and fish in the different groups achieved body weights of 26.6 g to 57.5 g. The final survival in all groups was similar from 44.3% among the fish fed the smallest feed ration to 53.2% in the group receiving the largest feed ration. No differences were noted in the share of viscera, peritoneal fat, or in the hepatosomatic indexes, but there were differences in the gonadosomatic indexes. After thermal stimulation, only males achieved sexual maturity. The number of mature fish was similar in all groups and ranged from 17.8 to 21.3% of all fish. The results of the present study indicated that vendace can achieve commercial size in an intensive rearing period of ten months in RAS.

Age, Growth, and Sexual Maturity of the Shorthorn Sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius, in Newfoundland Waters

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2155-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Shorthorn Sculpin ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius

In Newfoundland waters, shorthorn sculpins, Myoxocephalus scorpius (L.), live to age 15 and attain a maximum size of just over 50 cm. The growth rates of males and females are little different below age 4, but above age 4 the females grow faster than the males, and the difference between average length-at-age for males and females gets progressively larger with age. Males mature at a younger age and at a smaller size than females. In any age-group where there are mature and immature individuals the mature ones are larger.

Adaptation and evolution in Gallotia lizards from the Canary Islands: age, growth, maturity and longevity

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Castanet ◽  
Marcos Baez
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Evolutionary Features ◽  
Histological Data

AbstractQualitative and quantitative comparisons of histological data recorded from growing bone from seven extant and extinct taxa of Gallotia show that these lizards do not have the same longevity, reach sexual maturity at various ages and probably have different growth rates which are in reverse proportion to the specific size of individuals in each taxon. In term of relative growth, the highest rate is seen in the smallest taxon (G. atlantica) and the lowest in the largest taxon (G. goliath). It appears that differences between the maximum size reached, irrespective of the size of hatchlings, are only the consequence of changes in longevity allowing a more or less protracted growth; they are not due to differences in growth rates. On the basis of these data we discuss some points relating to adaptive strategies and evolutionary features of these lizards.

scholarly journals Life history traits of the temperate mini-maximalist Idiosepius notoides, (Cephalopoda: Sepioidea)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1297-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. Tracey ◽  
Mike A. Steer ◽  
Gretta T. Pecl
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Mantle Length ◽  
Power Curve ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Gender Dimorphism ◽  
Cephalopod Species

Age, growth and maturation of the temperate ‘mini-maximalist’ Idiosepius notoides from Tasmania is described and compared with those of its tropical congener Idiosepius pygmaeus. Using statolith increment analysis, growth of I. notoides was best described by a power curve with a maximum age of 115 days recorded. Males have a shorter lifespan than females, however growth rates were similar between the sexes. Idiosepius notoides grows to a larger size than its tropical counterpart. Onset of maturity in I. notoides occurred at an age of approximately 68 days for males and 88 days for females compared to 45–60 days for I. pygmaeus. Size at onset of sexual maturity was analogous between the two species, with males mature at approximately 6·5 mm mantle length (ML) and females at 14·0 mm ML. Idiosepius notoides, like I. pygmaeus, is a small short-lived sepioid with significant gender dimorphism and the capacity to spawn multiple times throughout its short life. This research supports the concept of similar cephalopod species living longer and growing larger in cooler environments.

Ecological Studies of the Black Swan II*. Colour and Plumage Changes, Growth rates, Sexual Maturation and Timing and Frequency of Breeding

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
LW Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Black Swan ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Adult Plumage ◽  
One Year

Aspects of the biology of the black swan were obtained mainly from studies of captive birds. Details are given on colour and plumage; the distinctive juvenile and adult plumages are described; in adults iris colour differs between the sexes and is related to weight in both sexes and sexual condition in males Growth rates vary significantly according to environment. Fledging was at 108-141 days for captive cygnets but was estimated to extend to 170 days in wild birds. Young birds usually moulted into adult plumage between August and November at ages of 8-26 months. Replacement of the wing plumage requires 38-51 days. Periods of 7-36 months elapse between moults of the wing plumage, the period decreasing significantly wlth age. There is no fixed temporal relationship between breeding and moulting, though adults often moult within six months of laying, so that they are flightless during the pre-fledging period of cygnets. Breeding birds tend to moult later in the year and more frequently than birds not breeding. Birds usually attain sexual maturity and breed at ages of 18-24 or 33-36 months, within 1-2 years of attainment of adult plumage. Captive swans bred in all months of the year except December and January, with most in June-August. Frequency of laying was variable and highly dependent on the particular circumstances of captivity. Most swans commenced two or more clutches annually in at least one year of captivity. Within less than 12 months, a single female was capable of commencing eight clutches or rearing three broods.

Distribution, Age and Growth, and Sexual Maturity of Witch Flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus) in Newfoundland Waters

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1574-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Bowering
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Scotian Shelf

Witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus) were caught from the Hawke Channel to the southern edge of the Grand Bank and west to the Scotian Shelf and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Although the largest catches were taken at 2–6 C and 185–370 m, witch flounder were found at temperatures ranging from −1 to 10 C and depths of 20–870 m. Witch flounder of the Northeast Newfoundland Shelf were largest and those of the Gulf of St. Lawrence smallest at comparable ages, with growth rates for the east coast of Newfoundland being faster than most other areas. Age and length at 50% sexual maturity ranged from 4.20 to 5.59 yr and 25 to 30 cm for males, and from 8.42 to 10.21 yr and 40 to 50 cm for females.

scholarly journals Seedling growth rates and light requirements of subtropical rainforest trees associated with basaltic and rhyolitic soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Lusk ◽  
K. M. Sendall ◽  
P. J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Differential Adaptation

A trade-off between shade tolerance and growth in open conditions is widely believed to underlie the dynamics of humid forests. Little is known about how the growth versus shade tolerance trade-off interacts with other major trade-offs associated with differential adaptation to major environmental factors besides light. We asked whether the growth versus shade tolerance trade-off differed between subtropical rainforest tree assemblages native to basaltic (fertile) and rhyolitic (infertile) soils in northern New South Wales, because of the allocational costs of adaptation to low nutrient availability. Seedling relative growth rates of six basalt specialists and five rhyolite specialists were measured in a glasshouse and the minimum light requirements of each species were quantified in the field by determining the 10th percentile of juvenile tree distributions in relation to understorey light availability. A similar range of light requirements was observed in the two assemblages, and although the two fastest growing species were basalt specialists, seedling growth rates did not differ significantly between the two substrates. The overall relationship between light requirements and growth rate was weak, and there was no compelling evidence that the slope or elevation of this relationship differed between the two assemblages. Growth rates were significantly correlated, overall, with specific leaf area, and marginally with leaf area ratio. The apparent similarity of the growth versus shade tolerance trade-off in the two suites of species could reflect effects of leaf nutrient content on respiration rates; basalt specialists tended to have a smaller root mass fraction, but this may have been offset by the effects of leaf nitrogen status on respiration rates, with higher respiration rates expected on fertile basaltic soils. However, the results might also partly reflect impairment of the field performance of two basalt specialists that were heavily attacked by natural enemies.

Evolution of growth rates under the constraint of growth-development trade-off in a fish

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Fujimoto ◽  
Maiko Kawajiri ◽  
Yuya Suzuki ◽  
Kazunori Yamahira
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Growth Development
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