scholarly journals Structural Means for Fire-Safe Wooden Façade Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Engel ◽  
Norman Werther
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
External Wall ◽  
Joint Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
Construction Type ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Fire Stops

AbstractThis study investigates five fire stop variants used to limit the spread of fire on wooden façades. For this purpose, five fire tests using various types of wooden façade claddings and different fire stops were conducted as full-scale tests and compared to the existing findings. The influences and interactions between the material qualities of the external wall behind the façade cladding, the construction type of the wooden façade cladding, the design of the substructure, the depth of the ventilation gap, and the design of the fire stops were investigated. In evaluating the fire stops, the design of the interior corners, the joint design, and the influence of thermal expansion were examined. Finally, design proposals for the design of fire stops at wooden façades in order to limit the spread of fire were derived based on this evaluation. The outlook presents further needs that need to be investigated in the future in order to clarify undiscussed aspects or points that were ultimately not evaluated within the scope of this study. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF FIRE DEVELOPMENT IN A THREE-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DURING FULL-SCALE FIRE TESTS

Fire Safety ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
T. Shnal ◽  
S. Pozdieiev ◽  
R. Yakovchuk ◽  
O. Nekora ◽  
S. Sidnei
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Simulator Program ◽  
Story Building

The aim of the work was mathematical modeling of fire development in a three-storey residential building during full-scale fire tests; research of accuracy and reliability of parameters of temperature modes of fire in separate rooms of the building. To achieve this goal, it is advisable to use computational gas-hydrodynamics, which allow to determine the limits of application of this approach to predict the behavior of building structures in a fire. The Pyrosim computer system, which serves as a user shell for the Fire Dynamics Simulator program, was used to calculate the temperature in fire room models. This FDS system uses numerical algorithms to solve the complete system of Navier-Stokes differential equations to determine temperature and other hazards in a fire. To visualize the results of calculations, the software module of the PyroSim Smokeview system was used, which allows to build appropriate graphical representations of temperature distributions.A numerical experiment was performed to model full-scale tests of rooms with fire in a three-story building using computer gas-hydrodynamics methods. The nature of the fire and the time dependences of its main parameters were revealed, which in turn allowed to analyze the adequacy of the simulation results and investigate their adequacy and accuracy.The obtained results of research on the accuracy of modeling of full-scale tests of rooms with fire in a three-story building showed that the error determined when comparing experimental and calculated data was not significant. The relative error did not exceed 28%, and the standard deviation did not exceed 51 ° C. The values of the statistical criteria of Cochren, Student and Fisher for the simulation results due to the difference between the calculated and experimental data have values of no more than 0.98, 0.84 and 1.008, respectively, and do not exceed the tabular values. This means that the simulation results are adequate, which allows you to use this approach to predict the behavior of building structures in a fire that is close to real.

Investigation of planing craft maneuverability using full-scale tests

2021 ◽  
pp. 147509022110303
Author(s):  
Kazem Sadati ◽  
Hamid Zeraatgar ◽  
Aliasghar Moghaddas
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Planing Craft ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Turning Maneuver

Maneuverability of planing craft is a complicated hydrodynamic subject that needs more studies to comprehend its characteristics. Planing craft drivers follow a common practice for maneuver of the craft that is fundamentally different from ship’s standards. In situ full-scale tests are normally necessary to understand the maneuverability characteristics of planing craft. In this paper, a study has been conducted to illustrate maneuverability characteristics of planing craft by full-scale tests. Accelerating and turning maneuver tests are conducted on two cases at different forward speeds and rudder angles. In each test, dynamic trim, trajectory, speed, roll of the craft are recorded. The tests are performed in planing mode, semi-planing mode, and transition between planing mode to semi-planing mode to study the effects of the craft forward speed and consequently running attitude on the maneuverability. Analysis of the data reveals that the Steady Turning Diameter (STD) of the planing craft may be as large as 40 L, while it rarely goes beyond 5 L for ships. Results also show that a turning maneuver starting at planing mode might end in semi-planing mode. This transition can remarkably improve the performance characteristics of the planing craft’s maneuverability. Therefore, an alternative practice is proposed instead of the classic turning maneuver. In this practice, the craft traveling in the planing mode is transitioned to the semi-planing mode by forward speed reduction first, and then the turning maneuver is executed.

Full-scale tests of the trash racks of the Kapchagai hydroelectric station

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
A. L. Rakhmanova ◽  
I. O. Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Station ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Full Scale Tests
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