Nai Talim Today: Gandhi’s Critique of Industrialism and An Education for Swaraj

The children of today inhabit the planet when CO2 levels have exceeded 400 parts per million (ppm). Crucial planetary boundaries are breached, and the climate crisis has manifested itself menacingly along with several accompanying civilizational crises be it health, socio-economic, political or humanitarian. It is, according to us, the crisis of Industrialism. At this crucial juncture of converging planet-scale disasters where the very survival of humanity is at severe risk, we explore fresh insights into alternative imaginations that can foster a new world where we not just survive but flourish. One such alternative imagination of a good society is that by Gandhi. A century ago, he outlined this vision as Swaraj and, over the years, fleshed out this vision. It is for this Swaraj that in 1937, Gandhi, conceptualizing his educational ideas, initiated a programme known as Nai Talim. Swaraj was diametrically opposite to Industrialism. And, therefore, Nai Talim was in sharp contrast to the state-approved school education that promoted Industrialism. In this article, we give a brief outline of Swaraj; highlight the interconnections between Swaraj and Nai Talim; and expand on ways in which one can reimagine Gandhi’s Nai Talim for contemporary times. We also argue that such an imagination of reinvented Nai Talim is possible today in Indigenous communities, where there is a spirited resistance to industrialism. And as an example, we look at the ongoing experiment of the Zapatistas of Chiapas, Mexico.

Ruins of Resilience: Imaginaries and Materiality Imagineered and Embedded in Civil Defence Architecture

This chapter examines ruin towns: civil defence training grounds that replicated urban war zones. The ruins provided a stage for enacting nuclear war, where the merely imagined was given a tangible expression. The chapter sketches the transnational extension-by-invitation of a British model of ruins to Denmark, and through architectural and historical analysis, it asks how it was re-embedded into a new national context and appropriated to local needs to become part of the common Danish civil defence landscape. The chapter, then, discusses how these ruin towns contributed to an affirmation of social norms and values, arguing that they caused a taming of the nuclear catastrophe as well as reflecting and reinforcing a specific political and historically situated understanding of social urban order and the good society.

The Security Implications of the Beggary Phenomenon: Treatment and Prevention Methods

Begging is an issue that affects civilizations of various cultures and their children's behavior, which can lead to criminality and society security breaches. There are societal and economic explanations behind this phenomenon, and the techniques for dealing with poverty are discussed, including a prophetic remedy when the Prophet is in need (peace be upon him) commanded the companion to do something better for him than asking people, so the Messenger of God said to him: “This is better for you than for the question to come as a black mark on your face on the Day of Resurrection, for the question is only suitable for three: the one who is extremely poor, or the one who is deeply in debt, or the one who has painful blood.” He warned against beggary and explained the punishment for it in the hereafter. This was a practical and guiding treatment. Also, one of the things that deals with this bad behavior is teamwork, which in turn creates opportunities to engage young people in work that deviates them and attracts them to the right path to be an effective element in building a good society, then we show in the conclusion, the results, recommendations and suggestions through which we can eliminate the phenomenon of beggary.

The Career and Communities of Zaynab Fawwaz

An intellectual biography of early Arabic feminist Zaynab Fawwaz and a study of her life in Ottoman Syria and Egypt, in the context of debates on gender, modernity and the good society, 1890s-1910. Chapters take up her writing and debates in which she participated, concerning social justice, girls’ education, marriage, divorce and polygyny, the question of ‘Nature’ and Darwinist notions of male/female, and intersections of nationalism, anti-imperialism, and feminism. Fawwaz also wrote two novels and play, which are analysed in the context of fiction rewriting history, and on theatre as a reformist tool of public education in turn-of-the-century Egypt. The book also comprises a study of some important periodical venues for public debate in Egypt in this period, particularly the nationalist press and one early women’s journal, and it highlights the writings of lesser-studied journalists and other intellectuals, within the context of the Arab/ic Nahda or intellectual revival. It argues that Fawwaz’s feminism, based on an Islamic ethical worldview, was distinct from prevailing ‘modernist’ views in posing a non-essentialist, open-ended notion of gender that did not, for instance, highlight maternalist discourses. Fawwaz’s own background was Shi’i, an element that was quietly present in her work.

The Socio-Ethical Outlook on the Concept of Human Aggression and a Concept of Good Society—Towards New Socio-Religious Approaches for Human Morality—Theoretical Debate

The authors analyze the concept of human aggression and the concept of a good society as they are both perceived in the sociological and interdisciplinary domains. They debate the issue of human aggression observed in contemporary societies, which hampers general social development worldwide, the expedition of socio-religious morality, and the positive action of good behavior. Both concepts have a long record of sociological research, although the exploration of the concept of a good society was most popular in the sociological research of the 1970s. At present, a substantial increase in the levels of human aggression among and particularly towards religious communities in societies during peacetime is seen as the most complex impediment to the preservation of good societies, regardless of their structural endeavors. The authors analyze the available data, including empirical data, concerning their researched theme to identify a theoretical framework of linkages that would allow them to perform further research and take stock of the scientific efforts made so far to perceive morality as a platform connecting good society models with the potential for the reduction in aggression.

KĒ. PĀLAMURUKAṈ ‘CURUṬṬU’ CIṞUKATAIYIL KUṬUMPA UṞAVUKAḶ [FAMILY RELATIONSHIP IN K.BALAMURUGAN ‘CURUTTU’ SHORT STORY]

This study, based on K. Balamurugan’s "'Suruttu' Short stories: Family Relationships” aims to explore the status of family relationships in short stories. There are various interesting short stories published in recent times. The relationships between family members is essential in the progress of a family and society. Positive family relationships can create prosperous families. Prosperous families can create a good society. Malaysian short story writer K. Balamurugan's short story 'Suruttu' is used as the primary source for this study. K. Balamurugan, who is a Tamil school teacher is a celebrated short stories writer who has written fascinating short stories. He is particularly interested in creating stories for children. This research studies and analyses the importance of family relationships through K. Balamurugan’s 'Suruttu' short stories.

Legal Protection for Children in Conflict with the Law: Process and Problems

The implementation of coaching prisoners, whether male, child or female, in an effort to return prisoners to a good society, is very important, not only material or spiritual, but both must run in balance, these are the main things that support prisoners easily in living their lives. after serving the sentence. Guidance in Correctional Institutions is expected to be able to shape the personality and mentality of prisoners who are considered not good in the eyes of the community to become normal and in accordance with applicable norms and laws Real efforts to guarantee the basic rights of women. The purpose of this study is to determine the rights of a child in obtaining legal assistance, to find out and analyze regulations regarding children, and to analyze the mechanism of legal protection for children who are in conflict with the law.

The Virtuous Teachings of Abu Nasir al-Farabi

The article, defining the weight of Al-Farabi's works in the XXI century, outlines its origins, the importance of philosophical, political, socio-ethical concepts in modern society. First, it examines the viability of Al-Farabi's ideology of government. Secondly, scientific works reveal the significance of the theory of goodness, happiness, education and upbringing in modern society, demonstrate the scientific guidelines of the path to the continuous aspiration of a person for perfection, to the relentless dream of finding happiness. Thirdly, the formation and development of humanistic values in the philosophy of Al-Farabi is analyzed from the standpoint of philosophical discourse. The scholar's view that a focus on justice and morality is essential to building a great society is studied as a good path stemming from humanity's desire to evolve and achieve happiness. The Islamic context of a humane city is revealed. The article explains the well-being of a virtuous society, the completeness of relationships in the context of the Muslim religious worldview. The importance of the problem of the heart in building a good society is emphasized,ideological continuity and harmony with Abai are demonstrated. It is said that the heart can be an object of deep contemplation, anticipation of events, awareness of their nature, understanding of their causes and wisdom. It is noted that the concept of the heart in the work of Al-Farabi is an independent subject of research, which will be further considered in continuity with religious texts.