Potential nutrient supply, nutrient utilization efficiencies, fertilizer recovery rates and maize yield in northern Nigeria

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Oben Tabi ◽  
Jan Diels ◽  
Ayo O. Ogunkunle ◽  
Emmanuel N. O. Iwuafor ◽  
Bernard Vanlauwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maize Yield ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Fertilizer Recovery

scholarly journals The effect of and interaction between the biological bases and the agrotechnical factors on maize yield

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Péter Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of and interaction between the biological bases and the agrotechnical factors on maize yield In our research, we examined the effect of the hybrid, the nutrient supply, the number of plants and the abiotic factors (temperature, amount of precipitation) on the yield, crop quality and yield stability of maize. We devoted special attention to the natural nutrient utilization ability and fertilizer reaction of maize. The experiment took place in Hajdúszoboszló on chernozem soil, on a nearly 8 ha field. The size of one plot was 206 m2; therefore, this experiment was half-industrial. We tested six hybrids with different genetic characteristics and growing seasons. We analysed the correlation between the nutrient supply and the yield of maize hybrids with a control treatment (treatment without fertilization) and with N 80, P2O5 60, K2O 70 kg ha-1 and N 160, P2O5 120, K2O 140 kg ha-1 fertilizer treatments. The yield increasing effect of the fertilizer also depended on the number of plants per hectare to a great extent. The number of plants of the six tested hybrids was 60, 70, and 80 thousand plants ha-1. In 2015, the highest yield was produced by hybrid P9241 with N80+PK and 70 thousand plants per hectare. With the N160+PK fertilizer dosage, the same hybrid responded the best, followed by hybrids P9486 and DKC4717. Using the same fertilizer treatment, the 80 thousand plants per hectare population density resulted in decrease in the yield with most of the examined hybrids. In 2016, with the increase in the number of plants per hectare, even with non-fertilised treatment (control treatment), the yield could be increased in the case of each hybrid. Averaged over the different hybrids and fertilizer treatments, applying 80 thousand plants ha-1 instead of 60 thousand resulted in 1.0 ha-1 yield increase. In 2017, the number of plants had a slighter effect. With N160+PK treatment, in most cases no significant difference can be observed. The value of LSD5%: plant number: 0.20 t ha-1, hybrid: 0.28 t ha-1, interaction: 0.48 t ha-1. With N160+PK treatment, the hybrids produced yields between 10.07 and 12.45 t ha-1. When examining the three years in the average of the number of plants, with treatment without fertilisation, the average yield of hybrids reached 7.53 t ha-1. With N80+PK treatment, this value was 9.71 t ha-1 and with doubling the fertilizer dosage, this value increased to 10.42 t ha-1. No economic profit was gained as a result of applying double dosage of fertilizer; therefore, the N80+PK dosage can be considered ideal.

scholarly journals Correlation between the weather in 2017 and the productivity of maize

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Péter Kovács ◽  
Mihály Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Impact

In our research we examined the effect of the hybrid, the nutrient supply, the number of plants and the abiotic factors (temperature, amount of precipitation) on the yield, crop quality and yield stability of maize. We devoted special attention to the natural nutrient utilization ability and fertilizer reaction of maize. The experiment took place in Hajdúszoboszló on chernozem soil, on a nearly 8 ha field. The size of one plot was 206 m2; therefore, this experiment was half-industrial. We tested six hybrids with different genetic characteristics and growing seasons. I analysed the correlation between the nutrient supply and the yield of maize hybrids with control treatment (treatment without fertilization) and with N 80, P2O5 60, K2O 70 kg ha-1 and N 160, P2O5 120, K2O 140 kg ha-1 fertilizer treatments. The yield increasing effect of the fertilizer also depended on the number of plants per hectare to a great extent. The number of plants of the six tested hybrids was 60, 70, and 80 thousand plants ha-1. In Hajdúszoboszló in 2017, up to October, 445.8 mm of rain fell, which is in line with the average values of 30 years, and is only 45.7 mm less than those. In 2017, the effect of increasing the plant number was slighter. Averaged over the observed fertilizer treatments and hybrids, the yield was 9.10 t ha-1 with 60 thousand plants ha-1, 9.11 t ha-1 with 70 thousand plants ha-1 and 9.12 t ha-1 with 80 thousand plants ha-1. Without fertilization, in most cases, increasing the plant number from 60 thousand plants ha-1 to 70-80 thousand plants ha-1 does not increased the yield but decreased it. With N80+PK treatment the yield changed between 8.90 and 11.27 t ha-1. The effect of increasing the plant number was just slightly observable and did not show a clear tendency. The effect of changing the plant number, even with the highest dosage of fertilizers, could not be detected adequately. In contrast with the plant number, the effect of the different fertilizer treatments was expressly traceable. Compared to the control treatment (treatment without fertilization), with N80+PK fertilizer dosage with 60 thousand plants ha-1 the yield increased by 3.36–4.99 t ha-1. The smallest demonstrable proof, i.e. the LSD5% was 0.22 t ha-1, which means that fertilization, in each case, significantly increased the yield. When analysing the effect of fertilization in the average of the hybrids and the different plant numbers, a yield of 5.61 t ha-1 could be detected, which value was 10.12 t ha-1 with N80+PK treatment and 11.61 t ha-1 with N160+PK treatment. Thus, it can be calculated that compared to the treatment without fertilization, the N80+PK treatment increased the yield by 4.51 t ha-1, while compared to the N80+PK treatment, the N160+PK treatment increased the yield by 1.49 t ha-1. In addition to agrotechnical factors, in maize production, the impact of the crop year is specifically of high importance. The average yield of hybrids (in the average of the different fertilizer treatments) was 6.81 t ha-1 in 2015, 11.86 t ha-1 in 2016 and 9.11 t ha-1 in 2017. When comparing the yield results against the precipitation data, it is clearly visible that the amount of rain fell in the January– October period is directly proportional to the average yield of maize. The effect of the crop year can be defined in a 5.05 t ha-1 difference in the yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise and Plane of Nutrition on Nutrient Utilization by the Hind Limb of the Sheep

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Bird ◽  
KD Chandler ◽  
AW Bell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Energy Substrates ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

Net uptake, by the hind limb, of oxygen and a number of energy substrates was measured in sheep fed semicontinuously at maintenance or 1�5 times maintenance, while standing at rest or walking on a moving-belt treadmill at 0�7 ms- 1, on a 10� slope for 60 min. Exercise caused a six- to sevenfold increase in hind-limb oxygen uptake, due mainly to increased blood flow, assisted by an increase in the oxygen-carrying capacity of arterial blood. Major changes in nutrient supply and utilization included hyperglycaemia, hyperlactacidaemia, free fatty acid (FFA) mobilization, and substantially increased uptakes of glucose and FFA by the hind limb. Acetate uptake was unchanged during exercise in maintenance-fed sheep, but was significantly increased in sheep fed at levels above maintenance. Plane of nutrition had little effect on hind-limb uptake of other nutrients in resting or exercising animals.

scholarly journals Biological response to millennial variability of dust and nutrient supply in the Subantarctic South Atlantic Ocean

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2019) ◽  
pp. 20130054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Anderson ◽  
Stephen Barker ◽  
Martin Fleisher ◽  
Rainer Gersonde ◽  
Steven L. Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
South Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Antarctic Polar Front ◽  
Dust Deposition

Fluxes of lithogenic material and fluxes of three palaeo-productivity proxies (organic carbon, biogenic opal and alkenones) over the past 100 000 years were determined using the 230 Th-normalization method in three sediment cores from the Subantarctic South Atlantic Ocean. Features in the lithogenic flux record of each core correspond to similar features in the record of dust deposition in the EPICA Dome C ice core. Biogenic fluxes correlate with lithogenic fluxes in each sediment core. Our preferred interpretation is that South American dust, most probably from Patagonia, constitutes a major source of lithogenic material in Subantarctic South Atlantic sediments, and that past biological productivity in this region responded to variability in the supply of dust, probably due to biologically available iron carried by the dust. Greater nutrient supply as well as greater nutrient utilization (stimulated by dust) contributed to Subantarctic productivity during cold periods, in contrast to the region south of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), where reduced nutrient supply during cold periods was the principal factor limiting productivity. The anti-phased patterns of productivity on opposite sides of the APF point to shifts in the physical supply of nutrients and to dust as cofactors regulating productivity in the Southern Ocean.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fertilization and Irrigation on Maize(Zea mays L.) Production

2003 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Attila Megyes ◽  
Tamás Rátonyi ◽  
László Huzsvai
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Irrigation Effect ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Maize Fertilization

In a long-term field experiment set up at the Látókép experimental station of the Center of Agricultural Sciences of Debrecen University, the data of the last five years (1995-1999) were analyzed to determine the crop production factors with the greatest influence on maize production and the relationship and interactions between irrigation and fertilization.In the extremely dry year of 1995, fertilization was found to cause substantial yield depression in the absence of irrigation. According to results of analysis of variance, fertilization significantly reduced the maize yield by 40-90% compared to control plots. Under irrigated conditions, there was a considerable increase in the maize yield, the yield surplus being 4.4-9.4 t ha-1, depending on the nutrient supply level.During the period from 1996-1999, when rainfall conditions were favorable for maize, fertilization significantly increased the maize yield even without irrigation over the average of the four years. The yield surplus due to fertilization was 3.9-4.6 t ha-1, depending on the fertilization rates. The maximum yield surplus was obtained on plots fertilized with 120 N kg ha-1, while at the rate of 240 N kg ha-1 the maize yield did not differ significantly from this value. During the period examined, corn yield was significantly higher at all three nutrient supply levels as the result of irrigation than in the non-irrigated treatment. As in the case of non-irrigated conditions, the highest fertilizer dose did not result in a substantial yield increase. An analysis of the interaction between fertilization and irrigation indicated that the yield-increasing effect of fertilization was not significantly different under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The significant year x irrigation interaction was confirmed by the fact that the yield surplus (1.3-2.3 t ha-1) differed greatly from the irrigation effect recorded in 1995.

scholarly journals The effect of NPK fertilization and the number of plants on the yield of maize hybrids with different genetic base in half-industrial experiment

2016 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Péter Kovács ◽  
Mihály Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Maize Hybrids

In our research we examined the effect of the hybrid, the nutrient supply, the number of plants and the abiotic factors (temperature, amount of precipitation) on the yield, crop quality and yield stability of maize. We devoted special attention to the natural nutrient utilization ability and fertilizer reaction of maize. The experiment took place in Hajdúszoboszló on chernozem soil, on a nearly 8 ha field. The size of one plot was 206 m2, this it was a halfindustrial experiment. We tested six hybrids with different genetic characteristics and growing seasons. I analysed the correlation between the nutrient supply and the yield of maize hybrids with control treatment (treatment without fertilization) and with N 80, P2O5 60, K2O 70 kg ha-1 and N 160, P2O5 120, K2O 140 kg ha-1 fertilizer treatments. Yield increasing effect of the fertilizer also depended on the number of plants per hectare at a great extent. The number of plants of the six tested hybrids was 60, 70, and 80 thousand plants/ha. In Hajdúszoboszló, in 2015 the amount of rainfall from January to October was 340.3 mm, which was less than the average of 30 years by 105.5 mm. This year was not only draughty but it was also extremely hot, as the average temperature was higher by 1.7 °C than the average of 30 years. In the critical months of the growing season the distribution of precipitation was unfavourable for maize: in June the amount of rainfall was less by 31mm and in July by 42 mm than the average of many years. Unfavourable effects of the weather of year 2015 were reflected also by our experimental data. The yield of hybrids without fertilization changed between 5.28–7.13 t ha-1 depending on the number of plants. It can be associated also with the unfavourable crop year that the yield of the six tested hybrids is 6.33 t ha-1 in the average of the stand density of 60, 70 and 80 thousand plants per hectare without fertilization, while it is 7.14 t ha-1 with N80+PK fertilizer treatment. That increase in the yield is only 0.81 t ha-1, but it is significant. Due to the especially draughty weather the yield increasing effect of fertilizers was moderate. In the average of the hybrids and the number of plants, increasing the N80+PK treatment to N160+PK, the yield did not increase but decreased, which is explicable by the water scarcity in the period of flowering, fertilization and grain filling. The agroecological optimum of fertilization was N 80, P2O5 60 and K2O 70 kg ha-1. Due to the intense water scarcity, increased fertilization caused decrease in the yield. As for the number of plants, 70 000 plants ha-1 proved to be the optimum, and the further increase of the number of plants caused decrease in the yield.

scholarly journals Technological development of sustainable maize production

2017 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Péter Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Growing Seasons

In our research we examined the effect of the hybrid, the nutrient supply, the number of plants and the abiotic factors (temperature, amount of precipitation) on the yield, crop quality and yield stability of maize. We devoted special attention to the natural nutrient utilization ability and fertilizer reaction of maize.The experiment took place in Hajdúszoboszló on chernozem soil, on a nearly eight ha field. The size of one plot was 206 m2, this it was a half-industrial experiment. We tested six hybrids with different genetic characteristics and growing seasons. I analysed the correlation between the nutrient supply and the yield of maize hybrids with control treatment (treatment without fertilization) and with N 80, P2O5 60, K2O 70 kg ha-1 and N 160, P2O5 120, K2O 140 kg ha-1 fertilizer treatments. Yield increasing effect of the fertilizer also depended on the number of plants per hectare at a great extent. The number of plants of the six tested hybrids was 60, 70, and 80 thousand plants per ha.In Hajdúszoboszló, in 2016 the amount of rainfall from January to October was 605 mm, which was more than the average of 30 years by 160 mm. The yield of hybrids without fertilization changed between 9.63–11.6 t ha-1 depending on the number of plants.The six tested hybrids is 10.65 t ha-1 in the average of the stand density of 60, 70 and 80 thousand plants per hectare without fertilization, while it is 12.24 t ha-1 with N80+PK fertilizer treatment. That increase in the yield is 1.6 t ha-1, it is significant.Da Sonka hybrid is sensitive to weather, it is able to produce 6 t ha-1 additional yield in case of favourable condition. However, it has a low stress tolerance. The most stable yields were observed at Kamaria and Pioneer hybrids. The effect of vintage is also an important factor on the yield. In average, the yield of maize was 6.81 t ha-1 in 2015, which was a drought year and 11.86 t ha-1 in 2016 that was a favourable year.

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