Development of solid fertilizer recovery technology using high concentration phosphorus wastewater and livestock wastewater

Jae In Kim);황정호Jung Ho Hwang);최단(Dan Choi);이병관(Byung Kwan Lee);최윤영(Yoon Yung Choi);이병준(Byung Joon Lee

15N-Fertilizer Recovery in Maize as an Additional Strategy for Understanding Nitrogen Fertilization Management with Blends of Controlled-Release and Conventional Urea

A single application of polymer-sulfur coated urea (PSCU) and conventional urea (U) is expected to ensure nitrogen (N) throughout the maize (Zea mays L.) growth cycle being U the likely main N-fertilizer supplier at the beginning and PSCU during the maize growth cycle. This research aimed to evaluate N fertilization management (split, incorporated, and broadcast application) and fertilizer blends (30%PSCU + 70%U and 70%PSCU + 30%U) on volatilization of ammonia (AV) and soil N mineral content (NM); plant N uptake (NU) and 15N-fertilizer recovery (NR); and yield (GY). Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons (2017–2018 and 2019–2020) in Rhodic Eutrustox soil. U was treated with NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide). N rate was 180 kg ha−1. AV reached 12% of the applied N (broadcast-applied 70%PSCU + 30%U, 2017–2018). The 30%PSCU + 70%U application resulted in higher NM at 40–60 cm depth in vegetative and reproductive stages in both seasons. The 70%PSCU + 30%U application resulted in the highest GY in 2017–2018, and the N treatments did not affect GY in 2019–2020. NR was 3% on average at vegetative leaf stage 4 (V4), and PSCU, the main N-fertilizer supplier applying 70%PSCU + 30%U. After V4, the main N-fertilizer supplier is PSCU for 70%PSCU + 30%U and U for 30%PSCU + 70%U application. These blends (incorporated, broadcast, and split application) can ensure N during the maize growth cycle, with NR of 72.5% at maturity (R6) being 47.9% in the grain.

Nitrogen fertilization recommendation for corn cultivated under no-tillage

ABSTRACT The amount of nitrogen (N) suggested for corn crop must meet its demand, maximizing yield and minimizing losses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the recommendation of N fertilization for corn grown under no-tillage, using the method that considers the availability of N from the soil, the N requirement for the crop to reach the projected yield and the N-fertilizer recovery efficiency. The experiment consisted of four doses of N (0, 30, 70 and 95 kg ha-1), arranged in randomized blocks, with five repetitions. N stock of 4,357.90 kg ha-1 in the 0-20 cm soil layer provides corn plants with 52.83 kg of N ha-1, corresponding to a mineralization coefficient of 1.2%. The N-fertilizer recovery efficiency and the harvest index show a progressive linear increase according to N doses. In projections of yields lower than 1,000 kg ha-1, N fertilization is not necessary; however, in corn cultivation under no-tillage aiming at yield above 5,000 kg ha-1, fertilization needs to be performed with doses above 100 kg of N ha-1.

Impact Assessment

In municipalities and rural areas, biogas is a growing form of energy production and is also a feasible waste management option. Biogas manufacturing, in terms of environmental life cycle assessments, appears to have a remarkable opportunity to mix fertilizer recovery with energy generation utilizing different underused methods including urban biowastes or manure. Biogas production life cycle assessments suggest benefits such as CO2 reductions and chemical fertilizer replacement. Established biogas plants have specific biogas processing activities and life-cycle effects are affected by regulations, environmental conditions and biogas production objectives. This chapter describes and examines important biogas problems.