Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization with crop residue retention enhances crop productivity, soil organic carbon, and total soil nitrogen concentrations in sandy-loam soils in Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Naab ◽  
G. Y. Mahama ◽  
J. Koo ◽  
J. W. Jones ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Residue Retention

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon and Labile Carbon Pools Attributed by Tillage, Crop Residue and Crop Rotation Management in Sweet Sorghum Cropping System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9782
Author(s):  
Mashapa Elvis Malobane ◽  
Adornis Dakarai Nciizah ◽  
Fhatuwani Nixwell Mudau ◽  
Isaiah Iguna Chabaari Wakindiki
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Water Extractable Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
Residue Retention

Labile organic carbon (LOC) fractions are considered as sensitive indicators of change in soil quality and can serve as proxies for soil organic carbon (SOC). Although the impact of tillage, crop rotation and crop residue management on soil quality is well known, less is known about LOC and SOC dynamics in the sweet sorghum production systems in South Africa. This short-term study tested two tillage levels: no-till and conventional-tillage, two crop rotations: sweet-sorghum/winter grazing vetch/sweet sorghum and sweet-sorghum/winter fallow/sweet sorghum rotations and three crop residue retention levels: 30%, 15% and 0%. Tillage was the main factor to influence SOC and LOC fractions under the sweet sorghum cropping system in South Africa. NT increased SOC and all LOC fractions compared to CT, which concurs with previous findings. Cold water extractable organic carbon (CWEOC) and hot water extractable organic carbon (HWEOC) were found to be more sensitive to tillage and strongly positively correlated to SOC. An increase in residue retention led to an increase in microbial biomass carbon (MBC). This study concludes that CWEOC and HWEOC can serve as sensitive early indicators of change in soil quality and are an ideal proxy for SOC in the sweet-sorghum cropping system in South Africa.

The effects of some grazed tropical grass-legume mixtures and nitrogen fertilized grass on total soil nitrogen, organic carbon, and subsequent yields of Sorghum vulgaris

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jones
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

Mixtures of some tropical legumes and Paspalum plicatulum (Michx) cv. Hartley, and stands of P. plicatulum were fertilized with urea at 100 and 200 lb nitrogen an acre a year, and were intermittently grazed by cattle over a period of four years. Soil analyses for organic carbon and for total soil nitrogen in the fourth year of the pasture phase revealed large treatment effects in three of the five replicates. These three replicates which were on a podsolic soil were lower in fertility than the remaining two on a latosolic soil. Soil nitrogen at the 0-3 inch depth in the high nitrogen treatment, and in two Phaseolus atropurpureus D.C. treatments was significantly higher than the control (P<0.05). Organic carbon at the 0-3 inch depth was significantly higher than the control (P<0.05) in the nitrogen treatments and in one of the P. atropurpureus treatments. For both soil nitrogen and organic carbon the Lotononis bainesii Bak. treatment did not differ from the control. There was no significant difference between treatments for soil nitrogen or organic carbon at the 3-6 inch depth though trends were similar to those at 0-3 inches. Organic carbon and nitrogen were closely correlated for all treatments at both depths, and there were no significant differences in the C : N ratio in any treatment. Yields of sorghum grown as a test crop after the pastures were significantly correlated with soil nitrogen values in the three low fertility replicates. A high correlation (r = +0.976) also existed between yields of nitrogen obtained in the pasture phase and test crop yields of nitrogen for all treatments except L. bainesii. Reasons for the apparent lack of improvement in soil nitrogen and carbon on the higher fertility replicates and for the poor test crop yields following L. bainesii are discussed.

Effect of water, temperature and fertilizers on soil nitrogen net transformations and tree growth in an elfin cloud forest of Colombia

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Cavelier ◽  
Edmund Tanner ◽  
Johanna Santamaría
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Availability

(Accepted 31st July 1999)In the ‘elfin’ cloud forest of Serrania de Macuira, exchangeable ammonium and nitrate, and the rates of soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification were measured in soil samples under different water, temperature and mineral nutrient additions. The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and nitrogen plus phosphorus fertilization on radial trunk growth were measured in three tree species. In the cloud forest soils, concentrations of ammonium were much higher than those of nitrate. Nitrate was higher in samples collected during the afternoon than during the morning, probably as a result of leaching during the night or nitrification during the day. When samples were incubated under different water and temperature treatments, rates of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification increased more with changes in soil water content than with changes in temperature. Nitrification was significantly increased in soils amended with ammonium or with ammonium plus phosphorus, suggesting that nitrification is substrate-limited. Fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus resulted in significantly increased girth increments in Guapira fragrans (Dum. -Cours.) Little and Rapanea guianensis Aublet. Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) D.C. did not respond to the fertilization. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the characteristics of montane rain forest in small and large tropical mountains (the ‘Massenerhebung’ effect) are greatly controlled by soil water conditions and related soil nitrogen availability.

Changes in nitrogen and organic carbon of wheat growing soils after various periods of grazed lucerne, extended fallowing and continuous wheat

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
New South ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

Changes in total and mineral nitrogen and organic carbon were measured over a nine year period in two contrasting soils of northern New South Wales after various durations of grazed lucerne, extended fallowing and continuous wheat growing. At least 2 1/2 years of lucerne ley were required to raise the total soil nitrogen above the original level on both soil types. For each year of lucerne growth the average increase (above the control treatments) in total soil nitrogen (0-15 cm) was equivalent to about 140 kg nitrogen ha-1 in the black earth and about 110 kg nitrogen ha-1 in the red-brown earth. Significantly higher levels of soil nitrogen were maintained after the lucerne treatments throughout the 9 years of measurement on the black earth and for 5 years on the red-brown earth. Lucerne had a much larger effect on nitrogen than on organic carbon, which was significantly increased only in the black earth. There were very large increases in mineral nitrogen (0-15 cm) in the first year of measurement after lucerne. Levels remained greater than they were originally for the first 4 years, and they were greater for 7 years in the black earth and 4 years in the red-brown earth following lucerne than following continuous wheat or extended fallow. The decline in mineral nitrogen during wheat cropping after lucerne was greatly increased by excessive rainfall (574 mm or more) during the fallow. Leaching was greater in the red-brown earth than in the black earth, and this explained occasional differences in nitrogen uptake by wheat between the two soil types. Some evidence suggested that under moderately moist conditions nitrogen mineralization from lucerne-fixed nitrogen was greater in the red-brown earth than in the black earth but under drier conditions it was less.

scholarly journals Modeling soil organic carbon dynamics and their driving factors in the main global cereal cropping systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 11849-11859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guocheng Wang ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Wenjuan Sun ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Pengfei Han
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Input ◽  
Soil C Sequestration ◽  
Residue Retention

Abstract. Changes in the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock are determined by the balance between the carbon input from organic materials and the output from the decomposition of soil C. The fate of SOC in cropland soils plays a significant role in both sustainable agricultural production and climate change mitigation. The spatiotemporal changes of soil organic carbon in croplands in response to different carbon (C) input management and environmental conditions across the main global cereal systems were studied using a modeling approach. We also identified the key variables that drive SOC changes at a high spatial resolution (0.1°  ×  0.1°) and over a long timescale (54 years from 1961 to 2014). A widely used soil C turnover model (RothC) and state-of-the-art databases of soil and climate variables were used in the present study. The model simulations suggested that, on a global average, the cropland SOC density increased at annual rates of 0.22, 0.45 and 0.69 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 under crop residue retention rates of 30, 60 and 90 %, respectively. Increasing the quantity of C input could enhance soil C sequestration or reduce the rate of soil C loss, depending largely on the local soil and climate conditions. Spatially, under a specific crop residue retention rate, relatively higher soil C sinks were found across the central parts of the USA, western Europe, and the northern regions of China. Relatively smaller soil C sinks occurred in the high-latitude regions of both the Northern and Southern hemispheres, and SOC decreased across the equatorial zones of Asia, Africa and America. We found that SOC change was significantly influenced by the crop residue retention rate (linearly positive) and the edaphic variable of initial SOC content (linearly negative). Temperature had weak negative effects, and precipitation had significantly negative impacts on SOC changes. The results can help guide carbon input management practices to effectively mitigate climate change through soil C sequestration in croplands on a global scale.

scholarly journals Modeling soil organic carbon dynamics and its driving factors in global main cereal cropping systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guocheng Wang ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Wenjuan Sun ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Pengfei Han
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Input ◽  
Soil C Sequestration ◽  
Residue Retention

Abstract. The net fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and agricultural systems are mainly characterized by the changes in soil carbon stock, which is determined by the balance between carbon input from organic materials and output through soil C decomposition. The spatiotemporal changes of cropland soil organic carbon (SOC) in response to different carbon (C) input management and environmental conditions across the global main cereal systems were studied using a modeling approach. We also identified the key variables driving SOC changes at a high spatial resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) and long time scale (54 years from 1961 to 2014). The widely used soil C turnover model (RothC) and the state-of-the-art databases of soil and climate were used in the present study. The model simulations suggested that, on a global average, the cropland SOC density increased at an annual rate of 0.22, 0.45 and 0.69 MgC ha−1 yr−1 under a crop residue retention rate of 30 %, 60 % and 90 %, respectively. Increased quantity of C input could enhance the soil C sequestration or reduce the soil C loss rate, depending largely on the local soil and climate conditions. Spatially, under a certain crop residue retention rate, a relatively higher soil C sink were generally found across the central parts of the United States, western Europe, northern regions of China, while a relatively smaller soil C sink generally occurred in regions at high latitudes of both northern and southern hemisphere, and SOC decreased across the equatorial zones of Asia, Africa and America. We found that SOC change was significantly influenced by the crop residue retention rate (linearly positive), and the edaphic variable of initial SOC content (linearly negative). Temperature had weakly negative effects, and precipitation had significantly negative impacts on SOC changes. The results can help target carbon input management for effectively mitigating climate change through cropland soil C sequestration on a global scale.

Correction - Soil nitrogen status and pasture productivity after clearing of brigalow (Acacia harpophylla)

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (108) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
TWG Graham ◽  
AA Webb ◽  
SA Waring
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Status ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Pasture Productivity

At 31 sites of solodized solonetz and solodic soil in central Queensland, the total soil nitrogen (N) and organic carbon (OC) levels of pasture and crop areas were compared with matched uncleared areas of A. harpophylla-Dawson gum (Eucalyptus cambageana)

Soil nitrogen status and pasture productivity after clearing of brigalow (Acacia harpophylla)

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (108) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
TWG Graham ◽  
AA Webb ◽  
SA Waring
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Status ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Pasture Productivity

At 31 sites of solodized solonetz and solodic soil in central Queensland, the total soil nitrogen (N) and organic carbon (OC) levels of pasture and crop areas were compared with matched uncleared areas of A. harpophylla-Dawson gum (Eucalyptus cambageana)

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