Constitutive heterochromatin, 5S and 18S rDNA genes in Apareiodon sp. (Characiformes, Parodontidae) with a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system

Genetica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata da Rosa ◽  
Elisangela Bellafronte ◽  
Orlando Moreira Filho ◽  
Vladimir Pavan Margarido
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Ricardo Firmino de Sousa ◽  
Paulo Cesar Venere ◽  
Karina de Cassia Faria

Dermanura Gervais, 1856 is represented by small frugivorous bats of the Stenodermatinae subfamily. The taxonomy of this group presents controversies and has been subject to changes, especially since the morphological characters evaluated have left gaps that are difficult to fill regarding good species characterization. Previous studies performed in Dermanura cinerea Gervais, 1856 found that the karyotype of this species has a diploid number of chromosomes equal to 30 and 56 autosomal arms. The objective of the present study was to describe, for the first time, the karyotypes of the species Dermanura anderseni (Osgood, 1916) and Dermanura gnoma (Handley, 1987) based on classical cytogenetic markers. For both species, the diploid number found was 2n = 30 and NFa = 56. Two pairs of chromosomes showed markings of the nucleolus organizing regions (AgNORs) in the species D. anderseni and only one pair in D. gnoma, differing from what has already been described for D. cinerea. The two species analyzed here also showed differences in the sex chromosome system, with D. gnoma showing a neo-XY type system while in D. anderseni the classic XY sexual system was observed. In both species, visualization of the constitutive heterochromatin occurred in the pericentromeric region of all chromosomes, as well as in the short arms of the subtelocentric chromosomes. The present work represents an important expansion of karyotypic information for the subfamily Stenodermatinae, bringing chromosomal features that are possible to use in the taxonomic implications of the group.


2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Pansonato Alves ◽  
Luiz Ricardo de Souza Paiva ◽  
Claudio Oliveira ◽  
Fausto Foresti

Karyotypes of seven fish species of the genus Characidium, three of them studied for the first time, were characterized using conventional cytogenetic techniques (Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR, and C-banding). All species presented a diploid number of 2n=50, with only metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, as observed in all Characidium species studied. In two species cells with one to three B chromosomes were observed. All species analyzed have a single NOR-bearing chromosome pair with morphological differences among them. Characidium cf. zebra shows heterochromatic blocks restricted to the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes denoting the absence of a sex chromosome system. On the other hand, the species Characidium lanei, C. pterostictum, C. lauroi, C. oiticicai, C. schubarti, and Characidium sp., besides presenting pericentromeric heterochromatic blocks, exhibited large interstitial and/or terminal heterochromatic blocks, and a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. The constitutive heterochromatin seems to play a relevant role in the chromosome differentiation process of the studied species, mainly in relation to the sex chromosomes. The geographical isolation of the rivers in which the species were sampled, associated with their way of life restricted to headwaters environments, may have favored the process of fixation of different karyotypes found in each of the analyzed species.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Ricardo Firmino de Sousa ◽  
Paulo Cesar Venere ◽  
Karina de Cassia Faria

Dermanura Gervais, 1856 is represented by small frugivorous bats of the Stenodermatinae subfamily. The taxonomy of this group presents controversies and has been subject to changes, especially since the morphological characters evaluated have left gaps that are difficult to fill regarding good species characterization. Previous studies performed in Dermanura cinerea Gervais, 1856 found that the karyotype of this species has a diploid number of chromosomes equal to 30 and 56 autosomal arms. The objective of the present study was to describe, for the first time, the karyotypes of the species Dermanura anderseni (Osgood, 1916) and Dermanura gnoma (Handley, 1987) based on classical cytogenetic markers. For both species, the diploid number found was 2n = 30 and NFa = 56. Two pairs of chromosomes showed markings of the nucleolus organizing regions (AgNORs) in the species D. anderseni and only one pair in D. gnoma, differing from what has already been described for D. cinerea. The two species analyzed here also showed differences in the sex chromosome system, with D. gnoma showing a neo-XY type system while in D. anderseni the classic XY sexual system was observed. In both species, visualization of the constitutive heterochromatin occurred in the pericentromeric region of all chromosomes, as well as in the short arms of the subtelocentric chromosomes. The present work represents an important expansion of karyotypic information for the subfamily Stenodermatinae, bringing chromosomal features that are possible to use in the taxonomic implications of the group.


2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocicléia Thums Konerat ◽  
Vanessa Bueno ◽  
Vladimir P. Margarido ◽  
Ana L.B. Portela-Castro ◽  
Isabel C. Martins-Santos

The karyotype of the Ancistrini catfish Ancistrus taunayi was analyzed by conventional (Giemsa staining, AgNOR staining and C-banding) and molecular cytogenetic (5S and 18S rDNA-FISH) methods. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 50 (22 metacentrics + 10 submetacentrics + 10 subtelocentrics + 8 acrocentrics) for both sexes. A single NOR-bearing acrocentric chromosome pair (No. 24) was detected after Ag-staining and 18S rDNA-FISH, while 5S rDNA was found only in the subtelocentric pair No. 21. Conspicuous GC-rich heterochromatin blocks corresponded to the NOR sites and were also observed in the distal regions of the acrocentric chromosome pairs Nos. 22 and 25. Chromosome pair No. 22 differed between males and females; in males, only a small interstitial block of GC-rich heterochromatin was present in both chromosomes, whereas in females, 2 blocks of GC-rich heterochromatin flanked a euchromatic region in one of the homologues, suggesting the occurrence of a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. Two mechanisms for the origin and evolution of this simple ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in A. taunayi are proposed: (1) a paracentric inversion followed by amplification of the proximal heterochromatin and (2) amplification of the interstitial heterochromatin followed by a paracentric inversion. Although ZZ/ZW systems have already been described for other Ancistrus species, our results do not show the same pattern, suggesting an independent origin.


ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 113-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Červená ◽  
František Šťáhlavský ◽  
Vladimír Papáč ◽  
Ľubomír Kováč ◽  
Jana Christophoryová

A redescription is provided of the adult, tritonymph and deutonymph life stages of the troglobitic Neobisium (Blothrus) slovacum Gulička, 1977, which is known from Slovakia and Hungary. Material examined included 35 previously deposited museum specimens and 15 newly collected specimens. In addition, the karyotype and distribution of 18S rDNA clusters are described, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The male karyotype ofN.slovacumcomprises 69 chromosomes, with a predominance of biarmed chromosomes, and an X0 sex chromosome system. Two pairs of signals for 18S rDNA on biarmed chromosomes (submetacentric and metacentric) of different sizes were identified. The present study provides the first information about the distribution of these clusters in the arachnid order Pseudoscorpiones. The geographic distribution of the species is summarized and mapped.Neobisiumslovacumis endemic to the Slovak and Aggtelek Karst area in southern Slovakia and north-western Hungary, where it has been recorded from 16 caves. One of these, Hačavská cave (in Slovakia), is the northernmost locality known for any species of the subgenus Blothrus.


2002 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROXANE WIRSCHUM SILVA ◽  
DÉBORA DO ROCIO KLISIOWICZ ◽  
DORALICE MARIA CELLA ◽  
OLDEMIR CARLOS MANGILI ◽  
IVES JOSÉ SBALQUEIRO

As aranhas do gênero Loxosceles são pequenas, apresentam distribuição cosmopolita, hábitos noturnos e não agressivos. Na região metropolitana de Curitiba, são encontradas duas espécies de aranha marrom: L. intermedia e L. laeta. A primeira é a mais abundante e responsável, nos últimos anos, por inúmeros acidentes denominados de Loxoscelismo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar citogeneticamente estas aranhas, através de técnicas de coloração comum (Giemsa) e de bandeamento C, em células prémeióticas, meióticas e embrionárias. Exemplares foram coletados em domicílios ou fornecidos pelo Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Animais Peçonhentos (LIPAPE). As preparações citológicas foram obtidas a partir de testículos de aranhas adultas ou de células embrionárias. Os dados mostram que as duas espécies são cariotipicamente similares e caracterizam-se por apresentar um número diplóide diferenciado entre os sexos: 2n=23 nos machos e 24 nas fêmeas. Esta diferença é devida ao sistema cromossômico de determinação sexual múltiplo, do tipo X1X2Y (machos) e X1X1X2X2 (fêmeas). A aplicação da técnica de bandeamento C revelou que em L. intermedia poucos cromossomos apresentam banda pericentromérica, incluindo os sexuais, X1 e X2, ao passo que em L. laeta, diferentemente, todos os cromossomos do genoma apresentaram bandas pericentroméricas conspícuas. Em ambas as espécies, o cromossomo Y mostrou-se quase que totalmente heterocromático. Este tipo de bandeamento, além de ser inédito em Loxosceles, revelou ser uma importante característica na diferenciação cariotípica entre L. intermedia e L. laeta. ABSTRACT The genus Loxosceles includes cosmopolitan small spiders, which have nocturnal and non-agressive habits. Two species of brown spiders are found in the metropolitan area of Curitiba: L. intermedia and L. laeta. The first one is more abundant, and responsible for many accidents (Loxoscelism). The aim of this study is to analyze cytogenetically these spiders, through conventional (Giemsa) and c-banding techniques in pre-meiotic, meiotic and embrionary cells. The specimens were collected in houses or kindly provided by Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Animais Peçonhentos (LIPAPE). Cytological preparations were obtained from embrionic cells or from testis of adult specimens. The data showed that both species are karyotipically similar, and had different diploid numbers in males and females (2n=23 and 2n=24, respectively). This difference is the result of a multiple sex chromosome system (X1X2Y/ X1X1X2X2). The use of c-banding technique revealed that a few chromosomes of L. intermedia showed pericentromeric blocks of constitutive heterochromatin, including gonosomes X1 and X2. On the other hand, all the chromosomes of L. laeta showed conspicuous pericentromeric C-positive segments. In both species, the Y chromosome revealed to be almost tottaly heterochromatic. This study described the result of the use of c-banding technique for the first time in Loxosceles, which revealed an important karyotypical distintion between L. intermedia and L. laeta. RÉSUMÉ Les araignées du genre Loxosceles sont petites, présentent une distribution cosmopolite, ont des habits nocturnes et ne sont pas agressives. Dans la region métropolitaine de Curitiba, on y trouve deux espèces de l’araignée marron: L. intermedia et L. laeta. La premiere c’est la plus abondante et responsable, dans les dernières années par des nombreux accidents connus sous le nom de loxoscelisme. Le but de cet article est celui d’étudier la cytogénétique de ces araignées, par moyen des colorants ordinaires dont le Giemsa et par le technique du bandage C en utilisant des cellules C, des cellules pré-meyotiques, meyotiques et embryonnaires. Des échantillons ont été soit obtenues dans des maisons particulières, soit fournies par le Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Animais Peçonhentos (LIPAPE), et les préparations cytologiques obtenues des testicules des adultes ou des cellules embryonnaires. Les résultats montrent que les deux espèces sont similaires du point de vue caryotype et se caractérisent par avoir un numéro diploíde différencié entre les sexes : 2n=23 dans les mâles et 24 dans les femelles. Cette différence dans le numéro diploïde est due ao système chromosomique de détermination sexuelle – multiple du type X1X2Y (mâles)/X1X1X2X2 (femelles). L’utilisation du bandage C a montré que chez L. intermedia pas beaucoup de chromosomes présentent la bande pericentrométrique, y compris les sexuels X1 et X2. Par contre, chez L. laeta, tous les chromosomes du génome présentent des bandes pericentrométriques visibles. Dans toutes les deux, le chromosome Y s’est montré presque hétérochromatique. Cet type de bandage, en plus d’inédite chez Loxosceles, s’est montré aussi important dans la séparation caryotypique entre L. intermedia et L. laeta.


Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Ikuo Miura ◽  
Foyez Shams ◽  
Si-Min Lin ◽  
Marcelo de Bello Cioffi ◽  
Thomas Liehr ◽  
...  

Translocation between sex-chromosomes and autosomes generates multiple sex-chromosome systems. It happens unexpectedly, and therefore, the evolutionary meaning is not clear. The current study shows a multiple sex chromosome system comprising three different chromosome pairs in a Taiwanese brown frog (Odorrana swinhoana). The male-specific three translocations created a system of six sex-chromosomes, ♂X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3 -♀X1X1X2X2X3X3. It is unique in that the translocations occurred among three out of the six members of potential sex-determining chromosomes, which are known to be involved in sex-chromosome turnover in frogs, and the two out of three include orthologs of the sex-determining genes in mammals, birds and fishes. This rare case suggests sex-specific, nonrandom translocations and thus provides a new viewpoint for the evolutionary meaning of the multiple sex chromosome system.


Hereditas ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORGE A. SANTIAGO-BLAY ◽  
NIILO VIRKKI

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