Bed bug cytogenetics: karyotype, sex chromosome system, FISH mapping of 18S rDNA, and male meiosis in Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

The karyotype of the Ancistrini catfish Ancistrus taunayi was analyzed by conventional (Giemsa staining, AgNOR staining and C-banding) and molecular cytogenetic (5S and 18S rDNA-FISH) methods. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 50 (22 metacentrics + 10 submetacentrics + 10 subtelocentrics + 8 acrocentrics) for both sexes. A single NOR-bearing acrocentric chromosome pair (No. 24) was detected after Ag-staining and 18S rDNA-FISH, while 5S rDNA was found only in the subtelocentric pair No. 21. Conspicuous GC-rich heterochromatin blocks corresponded to the NOR sites and were also observed in the distal regions of the acrocentric chromosome pairs Nos. 22 and 25. Chromosome pair No. 22 differed between males and females; in males, only a small interstitial block of GC-rich heterochromatin was present in both chromosomes, whereas in females, 2 blocks of GC-rich heterochromatin flanked a euchromatic region in one of the homologues, suggesting the occurrence of a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. Two mechanisms for the origin and evolution of this simple ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in A. taunayi are proposed: (1) a paracentric inversion followed by amplification of the proximal heterochromatin and (2) amplification of the interstitial heterochromatin followed by a paracentric inversion. Although ZZ/ZW systems have already been described for other Ancistrus species, our results do not show the same pattern, suggesting an independent origin.

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Constitutive heterochromatin, 5S and 18S rDNA genes in Apareiodon sp. (Characiformes, Parodontidae) with a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system

Genetica ◽

10.1007/s10709-005-5700-1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 128 (1-3) ◽

pp. 159-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Renata da Rosa ◽

Elisangela Bellafronte ◽

Orlando Moreira Filho ◽

Vladimir Pavan Margarido

Keyword(s):

18S Rdna ◽

Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Rdna Genes ◽

Sex Chromosome System

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Morphological and cytogenetic characteristics of Neobisium (Blothrus) slovacum Gulička, 1977 (Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisiidae), the northernmost troglobitic species of the subgenus Blothrus in Europe

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.817.27189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 817 ◽

pp. 113-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martina Červená ◽

František Šťáhlavský ◽

Vladimír Papáč ◽

Ľubomír Kováč ◽

Jana Christophoryová

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

18S Rdna ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Karst Area ◽

Museum Specimens ◽

Life Stages ◽

Sex Chromosome System ◽

Male Karyotype ◽

North Western

A redescription is provided of the adult, tritonymph and deutonymph life stages of the troglobitic Neobisium (Blothrus) slovacum Gulička, 1977, which is known from Slovakia and Hungary. Material examined included 35 previously deposited museum specimens and 15 newly collected specimens. In addition, the karyotype and distribution of 18S rDNA clusters are described, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The male karyotype ofN.slovacumcomprises 69 chromosomes, with a predominance of biarmed chromosomes, and an X0 sex chromosome system. Two pairs of signals for 18S rDNA on biarmed chromosomes (submetacentric and metacentric) of different sizes were identified. The present study provides the first information about the distribution of these clusters in the arachnid order Pseudoscorpiones. The geographic distribution of the species is summarized and mapped.Neobisiumslovacumis endemic to the Slovak and Aggtelek Karst area in southern Slovakia and north-western Hungary, where it has been recorded from 16 caves. One of these, Hačavská cave (in Slovakia), is the northernmost locality known for any species of the subgenus Blothrus.

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Widespread Mutations in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Gene of Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Populations in Paris

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 407

Author(s):

Mohammad Akhoundi ◽

Dahlia Chebbah ◽

Denis Sereno ◽

Anthony Marteau ◽

Julie Jan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Point ◽

Cimex Lectularius ◽

Single Point Mutation ◽

Homozygous Mutation ◽

Knockdown Resistance ◽

Bed Bugs ◽

Bed Bug ◽

Channel Gene ◽

Blood Sucking ◽

The Status

Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus, are common blood-sucking ectoparasites of humans with a large geographical distribution, worldwide. In France, little is known about the status of bed bugs’ infestation and their resistance to insecticides, particularly, pyrethroids. Here, we aimed to find mutations in the kdr gene, known to be involved in resistance to insecticides. We gathered bed bugs from various infested locations, including 17 private houses, 12 HLM building complex, 29 apartments, 2 EHPAD, and 2 immigrants’ residences. A total of 1211 bed bugs were collected and morphologically identified as C. lectularius. Two fragments of the kdr gene, encompassing codons V419L and L925I, were successfully amplified for 156 specimens. We recorded sense mutation in the first amplified fragment (kdr1) in 89 out of 156 (57%) samples, in which in 61 out of 89 (68.5%) sequences, a change of valine (V) into leucine (L) V419L was observed. Within the second fragment (kdr2), a homozygous mutation was recorded in 73 out of 156 (46.7%) specimens at the codon 925. At this position, 43 out of 73 (58.9%) specimens had a sense mutation leading to the replacement of leucine (L) by isoleucine (I). Among 162 mutant sequences analyzed (89 for the kdr1 fragment and 73 for the kdr2 one), we detected single point mutation in 26.6%, while 73.4% presented the mutation in both kdr1 and kdr2 fragments. All modifications recorded in bed bug populations of Paris are described to be involved in the knockdown resistance (kdr) against pyrethroids.

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Evolution of a Multiple Sex-Chromosome System by Three-Sequential Translocations among Potential Sex-Chromosomes in the Taiwanese Frog Odorrana swinhoana

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10030661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 661

Author(s):

Ikuo Miura ◽

Foyez Shams ◽

Si-Min Lin ◽

Marcelo de Bello Cioffi ◽

Thomas Liehr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Rare Case ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Sex Chromosome System ◽

Brown Frog ◽

Male Specific

Translocation between sex-chromosomes and autosomes generates multiple sex-chromosome systems. It happens unexpectedly, and therefore, the evolutionary meaning is not clear. The current study shows a multiple sex chromosome system comprising three different chromosome pairs in a Taiwanese brown frog (Odorrana swinhoana). The male-specific three translocations created a system of six sex-chromosomes, ♂X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3 -♀X1X1X2X2X3X3. It is unique in that the translocations occurred among three out of the six members of potential sex-determining chromosomes, which are known to be involved in sex-chromosome turnover in frogs, and the two out of three include orthologs of the sex-determining genes in mammals, birds and fishes. This rare case suggests sex-specific, nonrandom translocations and thus provides a new viewpoint for the evolutionary meaning of the multiple sex chromosome system.

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The Behavioral Response to Heat in the Common Bed Bug,Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjab020 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raymond Berry

Keyword(s):

Petri Dish ◽

Cimex Lectularius ◽

Bed Bugs ◽

Bed Bug ◽

Host Interaction ◽

Video Images ◽

Spherical Ball ◽

The Common ◽

Vertebrate Hosts

AbstractThe bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., is a common ectoparasite found to live among its vertebrate hosts. Antennal segments in bugs are critical for sensing multiple cues in the environment for survival. To determine whether the thermo receptors of bed bugs are located on their antennae; innovative bioassays were created to observe the choice between heated and unheated stimuli and to characterize the response of bugs to a heat source. Additionally, the effect of complete antenectomized segments on heat detection were evaluated. Heat, carbon dioxide, and moisture are cues that are found to activate bed bug behavior; a temperature at 38°C was used to assess the direction/degree at which the insect reacts to the change in distance from said stimulus. Using a lightweight spherical ball suspended by air through a vacuum tube, bed bugs and other insects are able to move in 360° while on a stationary point. Noldus EthoVision XT was used to capture video images and to track the bed bugs during 5-min bioassays. A bioassay was created using four Petri dish arenas to observe bed bug attraction to heat based on antennae segments at 40°C. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat on complete antenectomized segments of the antennae. The results in this experiment suggest that bed bugs detect and are attracted to heat modulated by nutritional status. Learning the involvement of antennae segments in heat detection will help identify the location and role of thermoreceptors for bed bug host interaction.

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Initial steps in XY chromosome differentiation in Hoplias malabaricus and the origin of an X1X2Y sex chromosome system in this fish group

Heredity ◽

10.1038/hdy.2010.18 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 105 (6) ◽

pp. 554-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

M B Cioffi ◽

L A C Bertollo

Keyword(s):

Sex Chromosome ◽

Chromosome Differentiation ◽

Hoplias Malabaricus ◽

Fish Group ◽

Sex Chromosome System

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On the XO sex chromosome system of Aulacoscelis melanocera Stal (Aulacoscelinae: Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera)

Hereditas ◽

10.1111/j.1601-5223.1989.tb00383.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 99-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JORGE A. SANTIAGO-BLAY ◽

NIILO VIRKKI

Keyword(s):

Sex Chromosome ◽

Sex Chromosome System

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A Linkage Map and QTL Analysis for Pyrethroid Resistance in the Bed Bug Cimex lectularius

G3 Genes|Genome|Genetics ◽

10.1534/g3.116.033092 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 4059-4066 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Toby Fountain ◽

Mark Ravinet ◽

Richard Naylor ◽

Klaus Reinhardt ◽

Roger K Butlin

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Candidate Gene ◽

Linkage Map ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Cimex Lectularius ◽

Future Research ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Pest Species ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Bed Bug

Abstract The rapid evolution of insecticide resistance remains one of the biggest challenges in the control of medically and economically important pests. Insects have evolved a diverse range of mechanisms to reduce the efficacy of the commonly used classes of insecticides, and finding the genetic basis of resistance is a major aid to management. In a previously unstudied population, we performed an F2 resistance mapping cross for the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, for which insecticide resistance is increasingly widespread. Using 334 SNP markers obtained through RAD-sequencing, we constructed the first linkage map for the species, consisting of 14 putative linkage groups (LG), with a length of 407 cM and an average marker spacing of 1.3 cM. The linkage map was used to reassemble the recently published reference genome, facilitating refinement and validation of the current genome assembly. We detected a major QTL on LG12 associated with insecticide resistance, occurring in close proximity (1.2 Mb) to a carboxylesterase encoding candidate gene for pyrethroid resistance. This provides another example of this candidate gene playing a major role in determining survival in a bed bug population following pesticide resistance evolution. The recent availability of the bed bug genome, complete with a full list of potential candidate genes related to insecticide resistance, in addition to the linkage map generated here, provides an excellent resource for future research on the development and spread of insecticide resistance in this resurging pest species.

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