Phenotypic diversity in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. spontaneum (C. Koch) Thell.) accessions collected in Jordan

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shakhatreh ◽  
N. Haddad ◽  
M. Alrababah ◽  
S. Grando ◽  
S. Ceccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Changes in agronomic traits affected by photoperiod and vernalization in a group of wild barley accessions (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) and barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Karsai ◽  
K. Mészáros ◽  
L. Láng ◽  
Z. Bedő
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Long Photoperiod

The effect of vernalization response and photoperiod sensitivity on reproductive fitness and agronomic traits was examined in a group of 16 H. spontaneum accessions and 8 H. vulgare cultivars in controlled environments. The whole range of plant developmental and agronomic traits was determined by vernalization. The reproductive fitness was severely impaired when the vernalization requirements of the plants were not saturated. Variation in the magnitude of vernalization response significantly correlated with several traits. A larger decrease in reproductive tiller number, average seed number and consequently final grain yield was more characteristic of accessions with a greater vernalization response. When the vernalization requirement was met, long photoperiod enhanced the fitness of the plants and resulted in larger yield and yield components, irrespective of the genotype, while short photoperiod acted as a limiting factor for all these traits. There was, however, a difference in the reaction type of wild and cultivated genotypes due to their different plant strategies.

scholarly journals Hordein variation in Brazilian barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wild barley (H. euclaston Steud. and H. stenostachys Godr.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinara Echart-Almeida ◽  
Suzana Cavalli-Molina
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Polypeptide Patterns ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Cultivated Species

SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the hordein polypeptide patterns of Brazilian barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) and of two native species of Hordeum from southern Brazil (H. euclaston Steud. and H. stenostachys Godr.). Forty different hordein polypeptide bands with molecular weights ranging from 30 to 94 kDa were found in the seeds of the three species studied. Twelve of the 14 varieties examined showed intravarietal polymorphism. The number of bands ranged from 10 to 17, depending on the variety, and from 3 to 13 among individual seeds, with a total of 26 bands in H. vulgare. Phenograms using each seed as an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) showed that the seeds from most varieties did not form distinct clusters. Seeds from different plants of the native species varied considerably. The molecular weights of the hordein polypeptides of the two native species were quite different from those of H. vulgare. There was a greater similarity between the native species than with H. vulgare, although H. stenostachys was slightly closer to the cultivated species than H. euclaston.

scholarly journals Molecular and phenotypic diversity of ICARDA spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) collection

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda Amezrou ◽  
Sanjaya Gyawali ◽  
Loubna Belqadi ◽  
Shiaoman Chao ◽  
Mustapha Arbaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity for quantitative and qualitative characters of barley (Hordeum vulgare) accession from Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Warda TAIBI ◽  
AMINA BELLETRECHE ◽  
MOHAMMED KHARSI ◽  
SEMIR BECHIR SUHEIL GAOUAR
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
North And South

Abstract. Taibi W, Belletreche A, Kharsi M, Gaouar SBS. 2019. Phenotypic diversity for quantitative and qualitative characters of barley (Hordeum vulgare) accession from Algeria. Biodiversitas 20: 3794-3803. Little is known about the diversity of barley in Algeria. An inventory has been conducted in Algeria (North and South) to collect local accessions of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A collection of 34 traditional and exotic accessions of barley was characterized using 12 quantitative and 18 qualitative agro-morphological traits. The phenotypic diversity was determined by the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') at different levels (global, by type of barley and varietal name). The H' estimates showed a wide phenotypic variability for different traits with H’ average of 0.74 and 0.53 from quantitative and qualitative characters, respectively. The results of the multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering showed a clear distinction between the different accessions. The results of this work have revealed a great phenotypic diversity of barley accessions that only partially matches the names of varieties because of the existence of homonyms and synonyms in the names given by farmers. The information gathered from this study could be used in conventional breeding programs and in situ conservation of diversity.

A novel QTL for Septoria speckled leaf blotch resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accession PI 643302 by whole-genome QTL mapping

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 630-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Yu ◽  
J. D. Franckowiak ◽  
S. H. Lee ◽  
R. D. Horsley ◽  
S. M. Neate
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Barley Accession ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Primary Problem

Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB), caused by Septoria passerinii , is one of the most important foliar diseases of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) in North America. The primary problem caused by this disease is substantial yield loss. The objective of this study was to determine the chromosomal location of SSLB resistance genes in the barley accession PI 643302. A recombinant inbred line population was developed from the cross Zhenongda 7/PI 643302. PI 643302 is resistant while Zhenongda 7 is susceptible to SSLB. The population was phenotyped for SSLB resistance in five experiments in the greenhouse. A linkage map comprising 113 molecular markers was constructed and simplified composite interval mapping was performed. Two QTLs, designated QrSp-1H and QrSP-2H, were found. QrSp-1H was found on the short arm of chromosome 1H (1HS) in all five experiments and showed a large effect against SSLB. Based on the location of QrSp-1H, it is likely the SSLB resistance gene Rsp2. The QTL QrSp-2H mapped to the distal region on the long arm of chromosome 2H (2HL), had a smaller effect than QrSp-1H, and was also detected consistently in all five experiments. A QTL for SSLB resistance in the same region on chromosome 2H has not been reported previously in either cultivated or wild barley; thus, QrSp-2H is a new QTL for SSLB resistance in barley.

scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity and population structure of Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landrace collections

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 144-161
Author(s):  
Allo A. Dido ◽  
◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
M.S.R. Krishna ◽  
Dawit T. Degefu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Shoot Fly

Landraces play a key role in crop breeding by providing beneficial trait for improvement of related crops and their genetic diversity studies are very important for breeding program and identification of parental lines. In this study, 585 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces collected from 13 agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia were evaluated along with 10 cultivars for their phenotypic diversity and population structure in relation to agronomic traits, resistance to major diseases and barley shoot fly. Data on 22 agronomic traits, three major diseases and barley shoot fly resistance-related traits were recorded. Univariate and multivariate approaches such as principal component and cluster analyses were applied to assess the genetic diversity and population structure. The analysis of variance indicated significant genotypic main, accessions x year and accession x environment interaction effects for almost all the traits evaluated. However, the accessions x environment interactions were mainly due to changes in magnitude rather than crossover types of interactions. The diversity analysis indicated that the population was highly structured according to kernel row-type, region (geographic) origin and altitude classes. Since the population is highly structured, appropriate statistical models will be needed when this population is used for association mapping studies. Eight principal components (PCs) in principal component analysis (PCA) accounted for the variation of 83.01%. The most related traits were included in the same PC, implying that results from PCA could give clues as to the relationship among traits. Though variability existed within and among clusters, useful germplasm clustered together. These materials are important sources of germplasm for the improvement of agronomic, disease and insect pest resistance traits. Keywords: Barley, diseases, genetic diversity, landraces, multivariate, shoot fly

Assessment of Phenotypic Diversity among Jordanian Barely Landraces (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Al-Nashash ◽  
Hussein Migdadi ◽  
Mohamad A. Shatnawi ◽  
Hani Saoub ◽  
Sameer Masoud
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

scholarly journals Physical geography, isolation by distance and environmental variables shape genomic variation of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. spontaneum) in the Southern Levant

Heredity ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che-Wei Chang ◽  
Eyal Fridman ◽  
Martin Mascher ◽  
Axel Himmelbach ◽  
Karl Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Selection Signatures ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

AbstractDetermining the extent of genetic variation that reflects local adaptation in crop-wild relatives is of interest for the purpose of identifying useful genetic diversity for plant breeding. We investigated the association of genomic variation with geographical and environmental factors in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. spontaneum) populations of the Southern Levant using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of 244 accessions in the Barley 1K+ collection. The inference of population structure resulted in four genetic clusters that corresponded to eco-geographical habitats and a significant association between lower gene flow rates and geographical barriers, e.g. the Judaean Mountains and the Sea of Galilee. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that spatial autocorrelation explained 45% and environmental variables explained 15% of total genomic variation. Only 4.5% of genomic variation was solely attributed to environmental variation if the component confounded with spatial autocorrelation was excluded. A synthetic environmental variable combining latitude, solar radiation, and accumulated precipitation explained the highest proportion of genomic variation (3.9%). When conditioned on population structure, soil water capacity was the most important environmental variable explaining 1.18% of genomic variation. Genome scans with outlier analysis and genome-environment association studies were conducted to identify adaptation signatures. RDA and outlier methods jointly detected selection signatures in the pericentromeric regions, which have reduced recombination, of the chromosomes 3H, 4H, and 5H. However, selection signatures mostly disappeared after correction for population structure. In conclusion, adaptation to the highly diverse environments of the Southern Levant over short geographical ranges had a limited effect on the genomic diversity of wild barley. This highlighted the importance of nonselective forces in genetic differentiation.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

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