scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity and population structure of Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landrace collections

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 144-161
Author(s):  
Allo A. Dido ◽  
◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
M.S.R. Krishna ◽  
Dawit T. Degefu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Shoot Fly

Landraces play a key role in crop breeding by providing beneficial trait for improvement of related crops and their genetic diversity studies are very important for breeding program and identification of parental lines. In this study, 585 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces collected from 13 agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia were evaluated along with 10 cultivars for their phenotypic diversity and population structure in relation to agronomic traits, resistance to major diseases and barley shoot fly. Data on 22 agronomic traits, three major diseases and barley shoot fly resistance-related traits were recorded. Univariate and multivariate approaches such as principal component and cluster analyses were applied to assess the genetic diversity and population structure. The analysis of variance indicated significant genotypic main, accessions x year and accession x environment interaction effects for almost all the traits evaluated. However, the accessions x environment interactions were mainly due to changes in magnitude rather than crossover types of interactions. The diversity analysis indicated that the population was highly structured according to kernel row-type, region (geographic) origin and altitude classes. Since the population is highly structured, appropriate statistical models will be needed when this population is used for association mapping studies. Eight principal components (PCs) in principal component analysis (PCA) accounted for the variation of 83.01%. The most related traits were included in the same PC, implying that results from PCA could give clues as to the relationship among traits. Though variability existed within and among clusters, useful germplasm clustered together. These materials are important sources of germplasm for the improvement of agronomic, disease and insect pest resistance traits. Keywords: Barley, diseases, genetic diversity, landraces, multivariate, shoot fly

Using AMMI approach to delineate genotype by environment interaction and stability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under northern Indian shivalik hill conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Yadav ◽  
A. K. Razdan ◽  
Bupesh Kumar ◽  
Praveen Singh ◽  
Anjani K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Principal Component Axis ◽  
Ammi Analysis

Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of 18 barley varieties was assessed during two successive rabi crop seasons so as to identify high yielding and stable barley varieties. AMMI analysis showed that genotypes (G), environment (E) and GEI accounted for 1672.35, 78.25 and 20.51 of total variance, respectively. Partitioning of sum of squares due to GEI revealed significance of interaction principal component axis IPCA1 only On the basis of AMMI biplot analysis DWRB 137 (41.03qha–1), RD 2715 (32.54qha–1), BH 902 (37.53qha–1) and RD 2907 (33.29qha–1) exhibited grain yield superiority of 64.45, 30.42, 50.42 and 33.42 per cent, respectively over farmers’ recycled variety (24.43qha–1).

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Serbian Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Collection during a 40-Year Long Breeding Period

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Brbaklić ◽  
Dragana Trkulja ◽  
Sanja Mikić ◽  
Milan Mirosavljević ◽  
Vojislava Momčilović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Breeding Material

Determination of genetic diversity and population structure of breeding material is an important prerequisite for discovering novel and valuable alleles aimed at crop improvement. This study’s main objective was to characterize genetic diversity and population structure of a collection representing a 40-year long historical period of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding, using microsatellites, pedigree, and phenotypic data. The set of 90 barley genotypes was phenotyped during three growing seasons and genotyped with 338 polymorphic alleles. The indicators of genetic diversity showed differentiation changes throughout the breeding periods. The population structure discriminated the breeding material into three distinctive groups. The principal coordinate analysis grouped the genotypes according to their growth habit and row type. An analysis of phenotypic variance (ANOVA) showed that almost all investigated traits varied significantly between row types, seasons, and breeding periods. A positive effect on yield progress during the 40-year long breeding period could be partly attributed to breeding for shorter plants, which reduced lodging and thus provided higher yield stability. The breeding material revealed a considerable diversity level based on microsatellite and phenotypic data without a tendency of genetic erosion throughout the breeding history and implied dynamic changes in genetic backgrounds, providing a great gene pool suitable for further barley improvement.

Genetic diversity, population structure and relationship of Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces as revealed by SSR markers

2022 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allo A. Dido ◽  
M. S. R. Krishna ◽  
Ermias Assefa ◽  
Dawit T. Degefu ◽  
B. J. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of traditional genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Algeria by pheno-morphological and agronomic traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (31) ◽  
pp. 3041-3048 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Rahal Bouziane ◽  
H Rahal Bouziane ◽  
S Merdas ◽  
Merzoug S Nait ◽  
A Abdelguerfi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

scholarly journals Assessment of the genetic diversity and population structure of groundnut germplasm collections using phenotypic traits and SNP markers: Implications for drought tolerance breeding

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259883
Author(s):  
Seltene Abady ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Pasupuleti Janila ◽  
Shasidhar Yaduru ◽  
Admire I. T. Shayanowako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Germplasm Collections

Profiling the genetic composition and relationships among groundnut germplasm collections is essential for the breeding of new cultivars. The objectives of this study were to assess the genetic diversity and population structure among 100 improved groundnut genotypes using agronomic traits and high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The genotypes were evaluated for agronomic traits and drought tolerance at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)/India across two seasons. Ninety-nine of the test genotypes were profiled with 16363 SNP markers. Pod yield per plant (PY), seed yield per plant (SY), and harvest index (HI) were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by genotype × environment interaction effects. Genotypes ICGV 07222, ICGV 06040, ICGV 01260, ICGV 15083, ICGV 10143, ICGV 03042, ICGV 06039, ICGV 14001, ICGV 11380, and ICGV 13200 ranked top in terms of pod yield under both drought-stressed and optimum conditions. PY exhibited a significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation with SY, HI, and total biomass (TBM) under both test conditions. Based on the principal component (PC) analysis, PY, SY, HSW, shelling percentage (SHP), and HI were allocated in PC 1 and contributed to the maximum variability for yield under the two water regimes. Hence, selecting these traits could be successful for screening groundnut genotypes under drought-stressed and optimum conditions. The model-based population structure analysis grouped the studied genotypes into three sub-populations. Dendrogram for phenotypic and genotypic also grouped the studied 99 genotypes into three heterogeneous clusters. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 98% of the total genetic variation was attributed to individuals, while only 2% of the total variance was due to variation among the subspecies. The genetic distance between the Spanish bunch and Virginia bunch types ranged from 0.11 to 0.52. The genotypes ICGV 13189, ICGV 95111, ICGV 14421, and ICGV 171007 were selected for further breeding based on their wide genetic divergence. Data presented in this study will guide groundnut cultivar development emphasizing economic traits and adaptation to water-limited agro-ecologies, including in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Didymella rabiei Affecting Chickpea in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Gezahegne Getaneh ◽  
Tadele Tefera ◽  
Fikre Lemessa ◽  
Seid Ahmed ◽  
Tarekegn Fite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Ascochyta blight, also known as chickpea blight, which is caused by the fungal pathogen, Didymella rabiei, is an important disease affecting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in many countries. We studied the genetic diversity and population structure of 96 D. rabiei isolates collected from three geographic populations in Ethiopia using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We confirmed the genetic identity of 89 of the D. rabiei isolates by sequencing their rRNA internal transcribed spacer region genes. The chickpea blight pathogen isolates were genetically diverse, with a total of 51 alleles identified across 6 polymorphic SSR loci, which varied from 3 to 18 (average 8.5) alleles per SSR marker. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.01 to 0.92 and 0.19 to 0.86, respectively. The mean polymorphic information content value of the D. rabiei populations was 0.58, with a mean gene diversity of 0.61 among loci. Gene flow (Nm = number of migrants) for the three populations of D. rabiei isolates ranged from 1.51 to 24.10 (average 6.2) migrants/cluster. However, the genetic variation between the D. rabiei populations was small (8%), with most of the variation occurring within populations (92%). Principal component analysis to visualize genetic variation showed that the D. rabiei isolates obtained from most of the chickpea samples formed roughly three groups on a two-dimensional coordinate plane. Similarly, the clustering of individuals into populations based on multi-locus genotypes (using Clumpak) grouped isolates into three clusters but with individual isolate admixtures. Hence, no clear geographic origin-based structuring of populations could be identified. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. rabiei diversity in Ethiopia. Virulence studies should be conducted to develop chickpea varieties that are resistant to more aggressive pathogen populations.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity based on agronomic and fruit quality traits in gboma eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
OT Adeniji ◽  
PM Kusolwa ◽  
SWOM Reuben
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Fruit Quality Traits

Solanum macrocarpon L is a fruit and leaf vegetable in sub-Sahara Africa. The genetic diversity of the crop remains largely unexploited consequently there is a dearth of genetic information on agronomic and fruit quality traits. Agronomic and fruit quality variability and association among traits were evaluated. Twenty – six accessions were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Measurements taken on agronomic and fruit quality traits were subjected to a combined analysis of variance, Principal Component Analysis and grouping using Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic Average using option Ward’s. There were significant differences (P≤0.05) among the accessions for all the traits, while Genotype by Year Interaction (GYI) showed insignificant effects for most traits except plant height at flowering and maturity and seed yield. High broad sense heritability suggested the preponderance of both additive and non-additive genetic action for agronomic and fruit quality traits. The percentage contribution of agronomic traits toward the genetic diversity was maximum in plant height at flowering and plant height at maturity. Positive correlation coefficients was recorded between days to 50% flowering and fruit infructescence/plant (r = 0.45, P≤ 0.05). Dendogram analysis revealed three distinct groups with overlap of traits and no relationship between geographic location and phenotypic diversity. Hybridization among MM 268, MM 10256, MM 150 and MM 10161 may bring together gene constellations for earliness, fruit yield and delayed time to fruit browning. Superior genotypes are recommended for use in hybridization schemes for variety development and the subsequent molecular characterizationBangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 25-38, March 2018

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