Curative effect of Terminalia chebula extract on acetic acid-induced experimental colitis: role of antioxidants, free radicals and acute inflammatory marker

Natural antioxidants can protect the human body from free radicals and retard the progress of many chronic diseases as well as lipid oxidative rancidity in foods. The role of antioxidants has protected effect against free radical damage that may cause many diseases including cancer. Primary sources of naturally occurring antioxidants are known as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Several studies suggest that regular consumption of nuts, mostly walnuts, may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress mediated diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The role of antioxidants has attracted much interest with respect to their protective effect against free radical damage that may cause many diseases including cancer. Juglans regia L. (walnut) contains antioxidant compounds, which are thought to contribute to their biological properties. Polyphenols, flavonoids and flavonols concentrations and antioxidant activity of Leaves, Stems and Nuts extract of Juglans regia L. as evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, Nitric acid, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation and total oxidation activity were determined. The antioxidant activities of Leaves, Stems and Nuts extract of Juglans regia L. were concentration dependent in different experimental models and it was observed that free radicals were scavenged by the test compounds in all the models.

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Antioxidant Evaluation of the Aqueous Extract of Hulls of Campsiandra laurifolia in Colitis Induced by Acetic Acid in Wistar Rats

Journal of Coloproctology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1730258 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (02) ◽

pp. 138-144

Author(s):

Lucas Petitemberte de Souza ◽

Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann ◽

Sandielly Rebeca Benitez da Fonseca ◽

Marilda da Silva Brasil ◽

Norma Anair Possa Marroni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Experimental Colitis ◽

Anal Pressure ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Significance Level ◽

Sphincter Anal

AbstractDue to the ethnopharmacological use of Campsiandra laurifolia (Fabaceae), popularly known as Acapurana, to treat wounds and ulcers, associated with the lack of alternative treatments for intestinal inflammations such as ulcerative colitis (UC), the present work sought to characterize its phytochemical and antioxidant activities, and to evaluate remedial action in experimental colitis with acetic acid. Phytochemical analyzes were performed through qualitative and quantitative colorimetric tests of the main secondary metabolites. In the colitis model, 24 male Wistar rats aged ± 60 days old were used, divided into 4 groups: Control (CO) control + aqueous extract of C. laurifolia 50 mg/kg (CO + A50); Colitis (CL); and Colitis + aqueous extract of C. laurifolia 50 mg/kg (CL + A50). Measurement of sphincter anal pressure and histological tests of the large intestine, lipoperoxidation (LPO), enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and levels of glutathione (GSH) were performed. For statistical analysis, the oxidative stress (OS) results were expressed as means ± standard error, adopting a significance level of p < 0.05. The screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins and tannins in the extract, with high levels of phenolic compounds and tannins, and was related to high antioxidant capacity. In the histological analysis, the CL group presented loss of the crypts, edema and inflammatory infiltrate. The use of C. laurifolia extract restructured the crypts, decreased edema and increased sphincter anal pressure, with a decrease in LPO, SOD, and an increase in GSH. It is suggested that the use of C. laurifolia extract reduces OS due to its antioxidant power conferred by the phenolic compounds present in the extract.

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Peripheral Leukocytosis Predicts Cognitive Decline but Not Behavioral Disturbances: A Nationwide Study of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1159/000516340 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Santiago R. Unda ◽

Aldana M. Antoniazzi ◽

David J. Altschul ◽

Roberta Marongiu

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Cost Effective ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Behavioral Disturbances ◽

Classification Of Diseases

Introduction: Peripheral and central nervous system inflammation have been linked to the classic symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether the analysis of routine systemic inflammatory markers could represent a useful prediction tool to identify clinical subtypes in patients with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s at higher risk of dementia-associated symptoms, such as behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Methods: We performed a multivariate logistic regression using the 2016 and 2017 National Inpatient Sample with International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes to assess if pro-inflammatory white blood cells (WBCs) anomalies correlate with dementia and BPSD in patients with these disorders. Results: We found that leukocytosis was the most common WBC inflammatory marker identified in 3.9% of Alzheimer’s and 3.3% Parkinson’s patients. Leukocytosis was also found to be an independent risk factor for Parkinson’s dementia. Multivariate analysis of both cohorts showed that leukocytosis is significantly decreased in patients with BPSD compared to patients without BPSD. Conclusions: These results suggest a link between leukocytosis and the pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in both PD and AD. A better understanding of the role of systemic neuroinflammation on these devastating neurodegenerative disorders may facilitate the development of cost-effective blood biomarkers for patient’s early diagnosis and more accurate prognosis.

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