scholarly journals The value-added tax and growth: design matters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Acosta-Ormaechea ◽  
Atsuyoshi Morozumi
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Uniform Rate ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Standard Rate

AbstractPrevious research has shown that changes in the composition of tax revenue affect long-run growth. However, little is yet known about whether the way tax revenue is raised matters for growth. This paper examines whether, in the context of OECD countries, a revenue-neutral increase in the value-added tax (VAT), offset by a fall in income taxes, may have different effects on long-run growth depending on how the VAT is raised. We show that a revenue-neutral rise in the VAT promotes growth when it is raised through a rise in C-efficiency, while it does not when it is raised through a rise in the standard VAT rate, the rate applied to the largest portion of taxed consumption. C-efficiency measures the departure of the VAT from a perfectly enforced tax levied at a single rate on all consumption, which in advanced economies is largely due to the VAT that is not levied because of exemptions and reduced rates. Thus, our results suggest that an increase in C-efficiency, possibly reflecting the broadening of the VAT base through fewer exemptions and a more uniform rate structure with fewer reduced rates, promotes growth more than a rise in the standard rate.

Quality of the Administration of Value-Added Tax in OECD Countries and Russia

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Knobel ◽  
Sergei Germanovich Sinelnikov-Murylev ◽  
Ilya Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Value Added Tax

scholarly journals Dynamic Integrated Model for Assessing Fisheries: Discard Bans as an Implicit Value-Added Tax

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Da Rocha ◽  
Javier García-Cutrín ◽  
Maria-Jose Gutiérrez ◽  
Raul Prellezo ◽  
Eduardo Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
A Value ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntegrated economic models have become popular for assessing climate change. In this paper we show how these methods can be used to assess the impact of a discard ban in a fishery. We state that a discard ban can be understood as a confiscatory tax equivalent to a value-added tax. Under this framework, we show that a discard ban improves the sustainability of the fishery in the short run and increases economic welfare in the long run. In particular, we show that consumption, capital and wages show an initial decrease just after the implementation of the discard ban then recover after some periods to reach their steady-sate values, which are 16–20% higher than the initial values, depending on the valuation of the landed discards. The discard ban also improves biological variables, increasing landings by 14% and reducing discards by 29% on the initial figures. These patterns highlight the two channels through which discard bans affect a fishery: the tax channel, which shows that the confiscation of landed discards reduces the incentive to invest in the fishery; and the productivity channel, which increases the abundance of the stock. Thus, during the first few years after the implementation of a discard ban, the negative effect from the tax channel dominates the positive effect from the productivity channel, because the stock needs time to recover. Once stock abundance improves, the productivity channel dominates the tax channel and the economic variables rise above their initial levels. Our results also show that a landed discards valorisation policy is optimal from the social welfare point of view provided that incentives to increase discards are not created.

scholarly journals Tax Revenue, Tax Reform and Government Expenditure: The Case of Nigerian Economy (1994 – 2017)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Chinedu Jonathan Ndubuisi ◽  
Onyekachi Louis Ezeokwelume ◽  
Ruth Onyinyechi Maduka
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Excise Duties

The objective of this study is to empirically investigate the effect of tax revenue and years tax reforms on government expenditure in Nigerian. Tax revenue were explained using custom and excise duties, company income tax, value-added tax and tax reforms explained by the years in which reforms took place measured by dummy variables as proxies. In conducting this research, an annual time series data from central bank statistical bulletins and Federal Inland revenue Service of Nigeria spanning from 1994-2017 were employed. The data were tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dicker-Fuller Unit Root Test and found stationary at first difference. The Johansen co-integration test was also conducted and showed that the variables are co-integrated at the 5% level, which implied that there is a long-run relationship between the variables in the model. The presence of co-integration spurred the use of vector error correction model and VEC granger causality to determine the effects and decision for the study objective. Findings revealed that Customs and Excise Duties has positive (3.96) and significant (-8.38) impact on government expenditure at 5% level of significance (t=8.38>1.96), Company Income Tax has negative (-1.25) and significant (2.98) impact on government expenditure at 5% level of significance (t=2.98>1.96), Value added tax has positive (8.54) and significant (3.90) impact on government expenditure at 5% level of significance (t=3.90>1.96) and Tax reforms periods has negative(-3.52E+12) and significant (8.39) impact on government expenditure at 5% level of significance (t=8.39>1.96). The study thus concluded that tax revenue and tax reforms significantly affect the Nigerian economy with the direction of causation running from government revenue to government expenditure, supporting the revenue-spend or tax-spend hypothesis.  It was recommended while seeking to increase its revenue base via tax should also increase their expenditure profile to create a balance with the tax revenue and every other tax reform should be geared towards this balance.

Trends in Collection of Value Added Tax in West Bengal: A Commentary

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-248
Author(s):  
H. K. Dwivedi ◽  
Sudip Kumar Sinha
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Sales Tax ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
National Economic

As per constitutional provisions of Indian federal finance, value added tax (VAT) (and sales tax) is the main source of revenue for the state government. Value added tax (including sales tax) collected by the Directorate of Commercial Taxes, West Bengal, accounts for approximately 62 per cent of state’s own tax revenue (SOTR). Studies on collection of taxes suggest that revenue from all taxes not only depends directly on the nature and growth of the tax base but depends also on other factors such as economic reforms, global and national economic condition and tax effort of the tax collecting department. The motivation of this article is to try to analyze the nature of the trends in collection of VAT in West Bengal during recent years and to find out the effect of different explanatory variables on collection of VAT. JEL Classification: H26, H71, H3

How Pro-Poor and Income Equitable Are Tourism Taxation Policies in a Developing Country? Evidence from a Computable General Equilibrium Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Mahadevan ◽  
Hidayat Amir ◽  
Anda Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Resource Misallocation

This article highlights the impacts on poverty, income inequality, and the macroeconomic and sectoral output resulting from increases in the value-added tax and sales tax on hotels and restaurants using Indonesia as a case study. While taxing tourism-related sectors was ineffective in reducing poverty and income inequality, using tax revenue from the value-added tax as a cash transfer policy was effective and more so in rural Indonesia. Tax revenue used for infrastructural development was however limited in its impact on poverty and income distribution. Overall, the negative effects of taxation on various industries and the contraction of GDP and employment in the economy need to be mitigated. This can be done with an appropriate policy mix for the use of tax revenue between cash transfers and expenditure in education and health, with the view to address potential resource misallocation and output contraction in other industries.

scholarly journals Taxation and Transportation: Granger Causality Approach in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Adegbite Tajudeen Adejare
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Lagrange Multiplier Test ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Excise Duties

Abstract This study gauges taxation's effect on transportation from 1981 to 2019 in Nigeria. This study further assesses the bearing of causality among Transportation, Corporate tax, Petroleum profit tax, Value added tax and Custom and Excise duties. Analytical tools such as VECM, Johanson Test for Cointegration, Vector Autoregression and granger causality Wald (GCW) test are adopted for analysis. Diagnosis tests such as the Lagrange-multiplier test, Jarque-Bera test and Eigenvalue stability condition are carried out to examine autocorrelation, stability and normality tests respectively. Outcomes divulge that corporate tax has a positive short-run and long-run influence on transportation. Petroleum profit tax, Value added tax and Custom and Excise duties also impact transportation positively and significantly both in the long run and short run as deduced from empirical analysis. This reveals that all the components of taxation observed influence transportation positively both in the long run and short run in Nigeria. Conclusively, taxation impacts transportation positively and significantly both in the short run and long run. This translates that taxation income has been utilized effectively to upsurge transportation in Nigeria. It predicts that transportation will perform excellently in terms of economic development and employment generation if taxable income is properly monitored and utilized effectively.

scholarly journals Impact of Value Added Tax to Enugu’s Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
MARIA LUISA GONZALES ◽  
FRIDAY ODE
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT           Value-added tax is everywhere; it is in the most of goods and services we purchase. Take for instance; when we go to the salon to get our hair done, when we gas up our car, vat is also included in what we pay.  In the Philippines, the value-added tax is a form of sales tax. It is a tax on the consumption levied on the sale, barter exchange, or lease of goods, properties, and services in the Philippines, and on importation of goods into the country, it is an indirect tax that may be shifted or passed into the buyer transferring lease of goods, properties or services. While in Nigeria, VAT is a Federal Government Tax that is administered using the existing machinery of the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS). This study assessed the impact of value-added tax on Enugu Nigeria’s Economy, specifically to Government, Business Organizations, and Consumers, the problems identified, significant relationships, and the solutions recommended. The findings revealed that VAT has a significant impact on business organizations and consumers but positively on the part of the government. Recommendation for the improvement is for the consumer with low average earnings should be exempted in paying the VAT provided however, criteria must be set to exempt them in VAT. Keyword: Social Sciences, Impact, Value added Tax, Revenue, descriptive research design, Philippines

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