scholarly journals Dissociation in How Core Autism Features Relate to Interoceptive Dimensions: Evidence from Cardiac Awareness in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 572-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Palser ◽  
A. Fotopoulou ◽  
E. Pellicano ◽  
J. M. Kilner
Keyword(s):  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Symptom Domains ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation ◽  
Cardiac Awareness

Abstract Interoception in autism is receiving increasing research attention. Previously, differences were identified in autism on both objective and subjective measures of interoception, and an association with anxiety. Yet, it is currently unknown how interoception relates to core autism features. Here, in 49 autistic children, we consider how interoceptive accuracy (measured with heartbeat detection tasks) and sensibility (subjective judgements of awareness) relate to overall severity on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, and symptom domains of social-affective and repetitive, restricted behaviors. Socio-affective features were related to interoceptive sensibility, while repetitive restricted behaviors were related to interoceptive accuracy. This dissociation suggests disparate interoceptive mechanisms for the formation and/or maintenance of autistic features.

scholarly journals The Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA): Development of a New Adapted Assessment Measure for Remote Telehealth Administration through COVID-19 and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna Dow ◽  
Alison Holbrook ◽  
Christina Toolan ◽  
Nicole McDonald ◽  
Kyle Sterrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Assessment Measure ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

Interest in telehealth assessment for autism has increased due to COVID-19 and subsequent expansion of remote psychological services, though options that are easy for clinicians to adopt and available through the lifespan are limited. The Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA) provides a social context with standardized materials and activities that can be coded by clinicians trained in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). The current project examined psychometric properties to determine optimal use for each BOSA version. Three hundred and seven participants with 453 BOSAs were included to determine best performing items for algorithms, validity, sensitivity, specificity, recommended cut-offs, and proposed ranges of concern. While preliminary, the BOSA provides a promising new option for telehealth-administered assessment for autism.

scholarly journals Social Attention Deficits in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Task Dependence of Objects vs. Faces Observation Bias

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Mouga ◽  
João Castelhano ◽  
Cátia Café ◽  
Daniela Sousa ◽  
Frederico Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Task Dependence ◽  
Observation Bias ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

Social attention deficits represent a central impairment of patients suffering from autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the nature of such deficits remains controversial. We compared visual attention regarding social (faces) vs. non-social stimuli (objects), in an ecological diagnostic context, in 46 children and adolescents divided in two groups: ASD (N = 23) and typical neurodevelopment (TD) (N = 23), matched for chronological age and intellectual performance. Eye-tracking measures of visual scanning, while exploring and describing scenes from three different tasks from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), were analyzed: “Description of a Picture,” “Cartoons,” and “Telling a Story from a Book.” Our analyses revealed a three-way interaction between Group, Task, and Social vs. Object Stimuli. We found a striking main effect of group and a task dependence of attentional allocation: while the TD attended first and longer to faces, ASD participants became similar to TD when they were asked to look at pictures while telling a story. Our results suggest that social attention allocation is task dependent, raising the question whether spontaneous attention deficits can be rescued by guiding goal-directed actions.

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Lord ◽  
Michael Rutter ◽  
Susan Goode ◽  
Jacquelyn Heemsbergen ◽  
Heather Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

Diagnostische Beobachtungsskala für Autistische Störungen (ADOS): Erste Ergebnisse zur Zuverlässigkeit und Gültigkeit

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bölte ◽  
F. Poustka
Keyword(s):  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Soziale Interaktion ◽  
Oder Nicht ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Erste Ergebnisse ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Diagnostische Validität ◽  
Autistische Störungen ◽  
Psychiatrische Diagnose ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: Abklärung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften der Diagnostischen Beobachtungsskala für Autistische Störungen, der deutschsprachigen Fassung des Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Methodik: In einer Stichprobe von 137 Probanden mit frühkindlichem Autismus, 23 mit atypischem Autismus oder nicht näher bezeichneter tiefgreifender Entwicklungsstörung, 16 mit Asperger-Syndrom und 13 mit einer anderen psychiatrischen Störung nach ICD-10 wurden die Interrater- und Retestreliabilität, interne Konsistenz, konvergente und diagnostische Validität bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Interrater- und Retestreliabilität erwiesen sich sowohl auf Diagnosen- (kappaw = 1.00 bzw. .62) als auch auf Skalenebene (rtt = .84 bzw. .79) als gut, ebenso die interne Konsistenz der Algorithmusskala Kommunikation und soziale Interaktion der Module 1 bis 4 (rtt = .78 bis .89). Die Diagnosenkonvergenz mit dem Autismus Diagnostischen Interview-Revision (ADI-R) lag bei 79% (kappa = .23), bei moderater Korrelation der korrespondierenden Subskalen der Verfahren (rtc = .31 bis .45). Die Übereinstimmung von ADOS und klinischer Konsensusdiagnose war 77% (kappaw = .37), bei einer Sensitivität des Verfahrens von 90.4% und einer Spezifität von 48.1% für die Diskrimination von Autismus und anderen autistischen Störungen. Schlussfolgerungen: Das ADOS ist ein für die Erfassung autistischer Störungen zuverlässiges und ausreichend sensitives klinisches Diagnostikum. Damit eine psychiatrische Diagnose nach ICD-10 und DSM-IV gestellt werden kann und um hohe Spezifität der psychiatrischen Klassifikation zu gewährleisten, muss das ADOS durch Informationen zu stereotypem, repetitivem Verhalten sowie anamnestische Daten (z.B. aus dem ADI-R) ergänzt werden.

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