scholarly journals Health Services Use and Costs in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Germany: Results from a Survey in ASD Outpatient Clinics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Höfer ◽  
Falk Hoffmann ◽  
Michael Dörks ◽  
Inge Kamp-Becker ◽  
Charlotte Küpper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Health Services Use ◽  
Health Relevance ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cost Components ◽  
Services Use

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with high services use, but European data on costs are scarce. Utilisation and annual costs of 385 individuals with ASD (aged 4–67 years; 18.2% females; 37.4% IQ < 85) from German outpatient clinics were assessed. Average annual costs per person were 3287 EUR, with psychiatric inpatient care (19.8%), pharmacotherapy (11.1%), and occupational therapy (11.1%) being the largest cost components. Females incurred higher costs than males (4864 EUR vs. 2936 EUR). In a regression model, female sex (Cost Ratio: 1.65), lower IQ (1.90), and Asperger syndrome (1.54) were associated with higher costs. In conclusion, ASD-related health costs are comparable to those of schizophrenia, thus underlining its public health relevance. Higher costs in females demand further research.

scholarly journals Brief Report: Specificity of Interpersonal Synchrony Deficits to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Potential for Digitally Assisted Diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Christina Koehler ◽  
Alexandra Livia Georgescu ◽  
Johanna Weiske ◽  
Moritz Spangemacher ◽  
Lana Burghof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Interpersonal Synchrony ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Current Screening

AbstractReliably diagnosing autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in adulthood poses a challenge to clinicians due to the absence of specific diagnostic markers. This study investigated the potential of interpersonal synchrony (IPS), which has been found to be reduced in ASD, to augment the diagnostic process. IPS was objectively assessed in videos of diagnostic interviews in a representative referral population from two specialized autism outpatient clinics. In contrast to the current screening tools that could not reliably differentiate, we found a significant reduction of IPS in interactions with individuals later diagnosed with ASD (n = 16) as opposed to those not receiving a diagnosis (n = 23). While these findings need to be validated in larger samples, they nevertheless underline the potential of digitally-enhanced diagnostic processes for ASD.

Autism, intellectual disabilities and additional psychosis, and affiliation to groups with violent ideology: short communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ann Magritt Solheim Inderberg ◽  
Kristin Horndalsveen ◽  
Arne-Henrik Elvehaug ◽  
Yugbadal Mehmi ◽  
Ingvild Jørstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Purpose People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been associated with criminal acts and affiliation with groups and organisations with violent ideology and practice. The purpose of this paper is to present patients in mental health services with both ASD and psychosis, who are affiliated with such groups. Design/methodology/approach Three vignettes are used as examples. Some of the information is combined for the three participants for presentation. They were scored for mental health symptoms and behaviour problems on admission and discharge from inpatient care. Findings The combination of ASD and psychosis aggravates the problems of both conditions, which may elicit a collapse of both cognitive functioning and especially impulse control, and of the ability to judge whether situations are dangerous or offensive or not. Originality/value The present paper may contribute to a better understanding of the combination of ASD, psychosis and affiliation with groups and organisations as described, especially regarding the importance of identifying psychosis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in adult psychiatric patients: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e0401180
Author(s):  
Olena Khaustova
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Taking into account the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among adults, there is not enough data on the prevalence of ASD among persons undergoing in-patient psychiatric treatment. The purpose of this review is to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders among adult psychiatric inpatients. The criteria for incorporating the articles included: a) the study of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders; b) research in the population of adult psychiatric inpatient institutions. The review of the articles was carried out in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and EMBASE. Also, to expand the volume of data, the consultations of specialists in this field were used. As a result of the search, four studies were identified that met the criteria for inclusion in different psychiatric inpatient settings, including private and public. There were significant differences in methodological approaches, including screening tests, diagnostic tools, used diagnostic criteria. Estimates of the prevalence of ASD among the adult population in the psychiatric hospital ranged from 1.7 to 9.6%. From currently available data from a number of studies, it has been found that the prevalence of ASD increases in inpatient psychiatric conditions relative to the general population. There is a need for further research among this group of patients to expand the evidence base, as well as to develop effective strategies for identifying patients with a high probability of ASD in psychiatric inpatient settings among the adult population.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Adult Psychiatric Inpatients: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Tromans ◽  
Verity Chester ◽  
Reza Kiani ◽  
Regi Alexander ◽  
Terry Brugha
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
English Language ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background:Whilst the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in adults within the community setting is well-established, less is known about the prevalence among adults based within a psychiatric inpatient setting.Objective:To conduct a systematic literature review pertaining to the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders among the adult psychiatric inpatient population.Method:Eligibility criteria included: (a) investigation of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (b) adult psychiatric inpatient study population (c) published in English language. Electronic databases accessed included PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and EMBASE. Additionally, the ancestry method was utilised for the references of eligible papers, as well as grey literature searches and consultation with experts in the field.Results:From the search, 4 studies were identified which satisfied the inclusion criteria, conducted in a variety of inpatient psychiatric settings, including secure forensic and intellectual disability units and a state psychiatric hospital. There were significant differences in methodological approaches, including the screening tests, diagnostic instruments and diagnostic criteria utilised. Autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates varied considerably, from 2.4-9.9%.Conclusion:From the limited research data currently available, it appears that the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders is increased in inpatient psychiatric settings relative to the general population. There is a need for further high quality research in this patient group, to add to this limited evidence base, as well as in developing effective strategies to identify patients with a high likelihood of autism spectrum disorders within this setting.

Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Tonello ◽  
Luca Giacobbi ◽  
Alberto Pettenon ◽  
Alessandro Scuotto ◽  
Massimo Cocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Critical Equilibrium ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Acute Agitation ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.

Disfluency Characteristics Observed in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura W. Plexico ◽  
Julie E. Cleary ◽  
Ashlynn McAlpine ◽  
Allison M. Plumb
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Young Children With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

This descriptive study evaluates the speech disfluencies of 8 verbal children between 3 and 5 years of age with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech samples were collected for each child during standardized interactions. Percentage and types of disfluencies observed during speech samples are discussed. Although they did not have a clinical diagnosis of stuttering, all of the young children with ASD in this study produced disfluencies. In addition to stuttering-like disfluencies and other typical disfluencies, the children with ASD also produced atypical disfluencies, which usually are not observed in children with typically developing speech or developmental stuttering. (Yairi & Ambrose, 2005).

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