Specific Global–Local Visual Processing Abilities Mediate the Influence of Non-social Autistic-like Traits on Mental Rotation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa Zappullo ◽  
Vincenzo Paolo Senese ◽  
Rosa Milo ◽  
Monica Positano ◽  
Roberta Cecere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Processing Abilities

Visual processing abilities associated with piano music sight-reading expertise

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573562092037
Author(s):  
Patricia Arthur ◽  
Sieu Khuu ◽  
Diana Blom
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Piano Music ◽  
Rapid Automatized Naming ◽  
Sight Reading ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Visual processing expertise in musicians has traditionally focused on the difference between expert and non-expert music sight-readers. More generally, differences between musicians and non-musicians have been explored, often with a view to promoting the possible benefits of music training. However, as the definition of music sight-reading expertise varies widely and there is largely no accounting for visual processing expertise in other domains that may be present in non-musicians, interpretation of the results becomes challenging and conclusions may be misleading. Of greater value to the investigation of the visual processing benefits of formal music education would be the ability to definitively isolate those with visual processing expertise in the music sight-reading domain from those without. Only then would it be possible for meaningful comparisons to be made between both the expert and the non-expert music sight-readers and each of these groups, in turn, with non-musicians. The aim of the present study was to explore visual processing by measuring the Working Memory Capacity (WMC) and Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) capabilities of piano music sight-readers. Participants were grouped as expert or non-expert music sight-readers and the results compared with the WMC and RAN results of non-musicians.

scholarly journals Effects of a Visual Distracter Task on the Gait of Elderly versus Young Persons

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otmar Bock ◽  
Rainer Beurskens
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Visual Distracter ◽  
Young Subjects

Seniors show deficits of dual-task walking when the second task has high visual-processing requirements. Here, we evaluate whether similar deficits emerge when the second task is discrete rather than continuous, as is often the case in everyday life. Subjects walked in a hallway, while foot proprioception was either perturbed by vibration or unperturbed. At unpredictable intervals, they were prompted to turn their head and perform a mental-rotation task. We found that locomotion of young subjects was not affected by this distracter task with or without vibration. In contrast, seniors moved their legs after the distraction at a slower pace through smaller angles and with a higher spatiotemporal variability; the magnitude of these changes was vibration independent. We conclude that the visual distracter task degraded the gait of elderly subjects but completely spared young ones, that this effect is not due to degraded proprioception, and that it rather might reflect the known decline of executive functions in the elderly.

scholarly journals Visual occipito-temporal sensitivity to digits through elementary school

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorka Fraga-Gonzalez ◽  
Sarah V. Di Pietro ◽  
Georgette Pleisch ◽  
Jasmin Neuenschwander ◽  
Susanne Walitza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Number Processing ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Processing Abilities

Number processing abilities are important for academic and personal development. The course of initial specialization of ventral occipito-temporal cortex (vOTC) for visual number processing is crucial for the development of numeric and arithmetic skills. We examined the visual N1, the electrophysiological correlate of vOTC activations across five time points in kindergarten (T1), middle and end of first grade (T2, T3), second (T4) and fifth grade (T5). 62 children (35 female) performed a target detection task which included visual presentation of digits, false fonts, and letters. Arithmetic skills were measured at T4 and T5 with standardized math tests. Stronger N1 amplitudes for digits than false fonts were found across all 5 measurements. Arithmetic skills correlated negatively with visual N1 sensitivity to digits at T4 (2nd grade, mean age 8.3 yrs) over the left hemisphere, possibly reflecting allocation of more attentional or cognitive resources with poorer arithmetic skills. Our main result shows persistent visual N1 sensitivity to digits that is already present early on in pre-school and remains stable until fifth grade. This differs from the relatively sharp rise and fall of the visual N1 sensitivity to words or letters between kindergarten and middle of elementary school. The present study thus indicates different trajectories in the development of visual processing for written characters that are relevant to numeracy and literacy.

scholarly journals Visual processing of names in mental rotation tasks

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
Saki Kumagai ◽  
Fuminori Ono ◽  
Hiroshi Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Visual Processing

Local Processing Advantage in Musicians: Evidence from Disembedding and Constructional Tasks

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda M. Stoesz ◽  
Lorna S. Jakobson ◽  
Andrea R. Kilgour ◽  
Samantha T. Lewycky
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Global Bias

WHEN PROCESSING MUSIC STIMULI, MOST PEOPLE show a global bias (e.g., Evers et al., 1999). Extensive music training, however, develops both global (Halpern & Bower, 1982) and local (Burton et al., 1989) music processing abilities. Our goal was to determine whether enhancement of musicians' local processing abilities is domain-specific or extends to processing nonmusical, visual stimuli. Musicians outperformed nonmusicians on the Group Embedded Figures Test (Experiment 1) and on Block Design (Experiment 2). Additionally, musicians' ability to copy drawings of physically impossible objects accurately was also superior to that of nonmusicians (Experiment 2). These effects could not be accounted for by group differences in several demographic indicators (age, education, gender, or SES), or (in Experiment 2) in verbal intelligence. The results provide converging evidence that extensive music training is specifically associated with superior visual processing of local details, beyond any benefits it may have on verbal intelligence.

Phonological and Spatial Processing Abilities in Language- and Reading-Impaired Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Kamhi ◽  
Hugh W. Catts ◽  
Daria Mauer ◽  
Kenn Apel ◽  
Betholyn F. Gentry
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Paper Folding ◽  
Syllable Segmentation ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Better Than

In the present study, we further examined (see Kamhi & Catts, 1986) the phonological processing abilities of language-impaired (LI) and reading-impaired (RI) children. We also evaluated these children's ability to process spatial information. Subjects were 10 LI, 10 RI, and 10 normal children between the ages of 6:8 and 8:10 years. Each subject was administered eight tasks: four word repetition tasks (monosyllabic, monosyllabic presented in noise, three-item, and multisyllabic), rapid naming, syllable segmentation, paper folding, and form completion. The normal children performed significantly better than both the LI and RI children on all but two tasks: syllable segmentation and repeating words presented in noise. The LI and RI children performed comparably on every task with the exception of the multisyllabic word repetition task. These findings were consistent with those from our previous study (Kamhi & Catts, 1986). The similarities and differences between LI and RI children are discussed.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

Differential Performance of Professional Dancers to the Music Apperception Test and the Thematic Apperception Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-49
Author(s):  
Leland van den Daele ◽  
Ashley Yates ◽  
Sharon Rae Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Thematic Apperception Test ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Thematic Apperception ◽  
Professional Dancers ◽  
Visually Based ◽  
Modality Preference

Abstract. This project compared the relative performance of professional dancers and nondancers on the Music Apperception Test (MAT; van den Daele, 2014 ), then compared dancers’ performance on the MAT with that on the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray, 1943 ). The MAT asks respondents to “tell a story to the music” in compositions written to represent basic emotions. Dancers had significantly shorter response latency and were more fluent in storytelling than a comparison group matched for gender and age. Criterion-based evaluation of dancers’ narratives found narrative emotion consistent with music written to portray the emotion, with the majority integrating movement, sensation, and imagery. Approximately half the dancers were significantly more fluent on the MAT than the TAT, while the other half were significantly more fluent on the TAT than the MAT. Dancers who were more fluent on the MAT had a higher proportion of narratives that integrated movement and imagery compared with those more fluent on the TAT. The results were interpreted as consistent with differences observed in neurological studies of auditory and visual processing, educational studies of modality preference, and the cognitive style literature. The MAT provides an assessment tool to complement visually based performance tests in personality appraisal.

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