Los Angeles County SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic: Critical Role of Multi-generational Intra-household Transmission

AbstractWe tracked the course of the COVID-19 epidemic among the approximately 300 communities comprising Los Angeles County. The epidemic, we found, had three distinct phases. During Phase I, from early March through about April 4, initial seeding of infection in relatively affluent areas was followed by radial geographic extension to adjoining communities. During Phase II, lasting until about July 11, COVID-19 cases continued to rise at a slower rate, and became increasingly concentrated in four geographic foci of infection across the county. Those communities with larger reductions in social mobility during April - as measured by the proportion of smartphones staying at home and number of smartphones visiting a gym - reported fewer COVID-19 cases in May. During Phase III, COVID-19 incidence only gradually declined, remaining as high as the incidence seen at the end of Phase I. Across communities, the prevalence of households at high risk for intergenerational transmission was strongly correlated with the persistence of continued COVID-19 propagation. This association was even stronger in those communities with a higher rate of gym attendance in Phase II. The map of the prevalence of at-risk households in Los Angeles County coincided strikingly with the map of cumulative COVID-19 incidence. These findings, taken together, support the critical role of household structure in the persistent propagation of COVID-19 infections in Los Angeles County. Public health policy needs to be reoriented from a focus on protecting the individual to a focus on protecting the household.

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The Influence of Pre-natal Supplement Initiation on Preterm Birth Among Majority Hispanic Women in Los Angeles County: The Role of Nativity

Maternal and Child Health Journal ◽

10.1007/s10995-016-1990-4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1861-1868 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vivian H. Alfonso ◽

Ondine von Ehrenstein ◽

Gretchen Bandoli ◽

Beate Ritz

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Los Angeles County ◽

Hispanic Women

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The role of spatially-derived access-to-care characteristics in melanoma prevention and control in Los Angeles county

Health & Place ◽

10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.01.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 160-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Loraine A. Escobedo ◽

Ashley Crew ◽

Ariana Eginli ◽

David Peng ◽

Michael R. Cousineau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Access To Care ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Los Angeles County ◽

And Control ◽

Melanoma Prevention

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Introduction

Urban History ◽

10.1017/s0963926809006245 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (02) ◽

pp. 195-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JANICE L. REIFF ◽

PHILIP J. ETHINGTON

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

North American ◽

Urban History ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Critical Role ◽

The United States ◽

The North ◽

Ann Arbor

The idea for this special issue, exploring the history of cities and urbanism within the emerging transnational paradigm, originated in a discussion among the members of the North American Editorial Board ofUrban Historyabout what it means for cities to be global. Veering in many directions, spanning multiple centuries and stretching into much of the world, the conversation touched on the movement of people and ideas, the relationship of urban areas with their hinterlands and with each other, the importance of given technologies and industries for particular forms of urban development, the critical role of politics – at all levels – in that development and the ongoing and evolving role of global capital on those cities. Using the global Internet, members of the North American Editorial Board located in Montreal (Michèle Dagenais), Rochester (Victoria Wolcott), Irvine (Jeffrey Wasserstrom), Philadelphia (Lynn Hollen Lees), Miami (Robin Bachin), Mexico City (Hira de Gortari Rabiela), Hamilton (Richard Harris), Los Angeles (Philip Ethington and Janice Reiff), Amherst (Max Page) and Ann Arbor (Matthew Lassiter) generated a plan to issue a global call for papers for the IXth International Conference of the European Association for Urban History in Lyon, France in August of 2008. Nine scholars from Canada, the United States, France and Mexico pre-circulated their papers for a special bilingual double-long session, co-chaired by Michèle Dagenais and Phil Ethington.

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Multiculturalism in American Public Opinion

British Journal of Political Science ◽

10.1017/s0007123401000102 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 247-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

JACK CITRIN ◽

DAVID O. SEARS ◽

CHRISTOPHER MUSTE ◽

CARA WONG

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Los Angeles County ◽

General Social Survey ◽

Social Background ◽

The United States ◽

Social Survey ◽

Testing Hypotheses ◽

Definition Of

Multiculturalism has emerged to challenge liberalism as an ideological solution in coping with ethnic diversity in the United States. This article develops a definition of political multiculturalism which refers to conceptions of identity, community and public policy. It then analyses the 1994 General Social Survey and a 1994 survey of Los Angeles County to assess the contours of mass support and opposition to multiculturalism, testing hypotheses concerning the role of social background, liberalism–conservatism and racial hostility. The main conclusions are that ‘hard’ versions of multiculturalism are rejected in all ethnic groups, that a liberal political self-identification boosts support for multiculturalism, and that racial hostility is a consistent source of antagonism to the new ethnic agenda of multiculturalism. There is strong similarity in the results in both the national and Los Angeles samples.

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The role of income and neighborhood poverty in the association between the 2009 WIC food package change and child obesity among WIC-participating children in Los Angeles County, 2003-2016

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020005200 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

M. Pia Chaparro ◽

Shannon E. Whaley ◽

Christopher E. Anderson ◽

May C. Wang ◽

Catherine M. Crespi

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Los Angeles County ◽

Family Income ◽

Child Obesity ◽

Obesity Risk ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Neighborhood Poverty ◽

Food Package ◽

Supplemental Nutrition Program

Abstract Objective: To determine whether a previously reported association between the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) food package change and reduced child obesity risk among WIC-participating children in Los Angeles County holds across levels of family income and neighborhood poverty. Design: Analysis of prospectively collected WIC administrative data. The outcome was obesity at age 4 (BMI-for-age≥95th percentile). Poisson regression was applied to a matched sample (N=79,502) to determine if the association between the WIC food package change and child obesity was modified by family income (<50% federal poverty level [FPL], 50-100% FPL, >100% but <185% FPL) and neighborhood poverty. Setting: Los Angeles County, California. Participants: Children who participated in WIC in Los Angeles County between 2003 and 2016; children were grouped as receiving the old WIC food package (2003-2009) or the new WIC food package (2010-2016). Results: Receiving the new WIC food package (i.e. post-2009) was associated with 7-18% lower obesity risk across all family income categories Neither family income nor neighborhood poverty significantly modified the association between the WIC food package and child obesity. However, certain subgroups seemed to benefit more from the food package change than others. In particular, boys from families with income above poverty but residing in the poorest neighborhoods experienced the greatest reductions in obesity risk (RR=0.77; 95%CI=0.66-0.88). Conclusions: The WIC food package revisions were associated with reduced childhood obesity risk among all WIC-participating families in Los Angeles County, across levels of income-eligibility and neighborhood poverty.

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PEDIATRIC HOUSEHOLD TRANSMISSION OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS-2 INFECTION—LOS ANGELES COUNTY, DECEMBER 2020 TO FEBRUARY 2021

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal ◽

10.1097/inf.0000000000003251 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Y. Liu ◽

Candace M. Gragnani ◽

Jason Timmerman ◽

Caitlin N. Newhouse ◽

Gabriela Soto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Los Angeles County ◽

Household Transmission ◽

Respiratory Coronavirus

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The Role of the SLP in Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Assessment

Perspectives on Language Learning and Education ◽

10.1044/lle15.2.50 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 50-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amy Philofsky

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Critical Role ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Notable Increase ◽

Screening Assessment ◽

Critical Components

AbstractRecent prevalence estimates for autism have been alarming as a function of the notable increase. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in screening, assessment and intervention for children with autism. This article reviews signs that may be indicative of autism at different stages of language development, and discusses the importance of several psychometric properties—sensitivity and specificity—in utilizing screening measures for children with autism. Critical components of assessment for children with autism are reviewed. This article concludes with examples of intervention targets for children with ASD at various levels of language development.

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