scholarly journals Current and Future Perspectives on Children’s Genetic- and Endophenotype-Based Differential Susceptibility to Parenting

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-779
Author(s):  
Karen Fischer ◽  
Joyce Weeland ◽  
Patty Leijten ◽  
Alithe van den Akker ◽  
Geertjan Overbeek
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Enriched Environments ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Objectives Accumulating research provides support for differential susceptibility, which holds that the same children who are most vulnerable to adversity, such as negative parenting, may also benefit most from enriched environments, such as positive parenting. This “for better and for worse” phenomenon is believed to be rooted in endogenous, biological susceptibility factors such as genes, and cognitive and physiological endophenotypes (e.g., heart rate variability and skin conductance). The goal of this paper is to discuss the effect of this biological perspective on children’s susceptibility, and the inclusion of genetic and endophenotypical data in parenting research to shed light on the differential effects of parenting behavior We discuss a number of conceptual and methodological issues related to prior studies that have aimed to assess this. Methods We review and discuss current and future perspectives on children’s genetic- and endophenotype-based differential susceptibility to parenting, and experimental study designs that can adequately assess the within-person phenomenon of differential susceptibility. Results We summarize our call for research in an experimental paradigm to test children’s gene- and endophenotype-based differential susceptibility to parenting in their development of externalizing behavior. Conclusions Hereby we aim to advance our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying children’s differential susceptibility to negative and positive parenting.

scholarly journals Susceptibility effects of GABA receptor subunit alpha-2 (GABRA2) variants and parental monitoring on externalizing behavior trajectories: Risk and protection conveyed by the minor allele

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa M. Trucco ◽  
Sandra Villafuerte ◽  
Mary M. Heitzeg ◽  
Margit Burmeister ◽  
Robert A. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Receptor Subunit ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Susceptibility Effects

AbstractUnderstanding factors increasing susceptibility to social contexts and predicting psychopathology can help identify targets for prevention. Persistently high externalizing behavior in adolescence is predictive of psychopathology in adulthood. Parental monitoring predicts low externalizing behavior, yet youth likely vary in the degree to which they are affected by parents. Genetic variants of GABA receptor subunit alpha-2 (GABRA2) may increase susceptibility to parental monitoring, thus impacting externalizing trajectories. We had several objectives: (a) to determine whether GABRA2 (rs279827, rs279826, rs279858) moderates the relationship between a component of parental monitoring, parental knowledge, and externalizing trajectories; (b) to test the form of this interaction to assess whether GABRA2 variants reflect risk (diathesis–stress) or susceptibility (differential susceptibility) factors; and (c) to clarify GABRA2 associations on the development of problem behavior. This prospective study (N = 504) identified three externalizing trajectory classes (i.e., low, decreasing, and high) across adolescence. A GABRA2 × Parental Monitoring effect on class membership was observed, such that A-carriers were largely unaffected by parental monitoring, whereas class membership for those with the GG genotype was affected by parental monitoring. Findings support differential susceptibility in GABRA2.

scholarly journals Three-way interaction effects of early life stress, positive parenting and FKBP5 in the development of depressive symptoms in a general population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecka Keijser ◽  
Susanne Olofsdotter ◽  
Kent W. Nilsson ◽  
Cecilia Åslund
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Depressive Symptomology ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction

AbstractFKBP5 gene–environment interaction (cG × E) studies have shown diverse results, some indicating significant interaction effects between the gene and environmental stressors on depression, while others lack such results. Moreover, FKBP5 has a potential role in the diathesis stress and differential susceptibility theorem. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a cG × E interaction effect of FKBP5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotype and early life stress (ELS) on depressive symptoms among young adults was moderated by a positive parenting style (PASCQpos), through the frameworks of the diathesis stress and differential susceptibility theorem. Data were obtained from the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland Cohort Study, including 1006 participants and their guardians. Data were collected during 2012, when the participants were 13 and 15 years old (Wave I: DNA), 2015, when participants were 16 and 18 years old (Wave II: PASCQpos, depressive symptomology and ELS) and 2018, when participants were 19 and 21 years old (Wave III: depressive symptomology). Significant three-way interactions were found for the FKBP5 SNPs rs1360780, rs4713916, rs7748266 and rs9394309, moderated by ELS and PASCQpos, on depressive symptoms among young adults. Diathesis stress patterns of interaction were observed for the FKBP5 SNPs rs1360780, rs4713916 and rs9394309, and differential susceptibility patterns of interaction were observed for the FKBP5 SNP rs7748266. Findings emphasize the possible role of FKBP5 in the development of depressive symptoms among young adults and contribute to the understanding of possible differential susceptibility effects of FKBP5.

Eye Banks: Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 (06) ◽  
pp. 674-678
Author(s):  
Johannes Menzel-Severing ◽  
Sabine Salla ◽  
Gerd Geerling
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Societal Change ◽  
Requirements Management ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Corneal Disease ◽  
Eye Banks ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Quality Material ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractTechnological progress and societal change are transforming medicine, and cornea banks are no exception. New infectiological factors, statutory requirements, management concepts, globalisation and digitalisation are also influencing how such facilities will operate in the future. The goal of providing high quality material to patients with corneal disease remains unaltered. The present article seeks to shed light on the type of material this will involve and under what circumstances it is to be obtained.

Perception and Evaluation of Timing Patterns in Drum Ensemble Music from Mali

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Neuhoff ◽  
Rainer Polak ◽  
Timo Fischinger
Keyword(s):  
Music Theory ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Clear Preference ◽  
Comparison Experiment ◽  
Preference Ratings ◽  
Shed Light

Polak’s (2010) chronometric analyses of Malian jembe music suggested that the characteristic “feel” of individual pieces rests upon nonisochronous subdivisions of the beat. Each feel is marked by a specific pattern of two or three different subdivisional pulses—these being either short, medium, or long. London (2010) called the possibility of more than two different pulse classes into question on psychological and theoretical grounds. To shed light on this issue, 23 professional Malian percussionists and dancers were presented with timing-manipulated phrases from a piece of Malian drumming music called “Manjanin.” In a pairwise comparison experiment, participants were asked: (1) if the items of each pair were same or different, and (2) if different, which of the two was the better example of the characteristic rhythm of Manjanin. While most contrastive pairs were well distinguished and produced clear preference ratings, participants were unable to distinguish short-medium-long patterns from short-long-long patterns, and both were preferred to all other manipulations. This supports London’s claim that, perceptually, there are only two pulse classes. We discuss further implications of these findings for music theory, involving beat subdivision, tempo effects, microtiming, and expressive variation, as well as methodological issues.

scholarly journals Methodological Issues in Suicide Research in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Anisur Rahman Khan ◽  
S. M. Anowarul Kayes Shimul
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
School Certificate ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Shed Light

We are writing to you to allow us to enter into an ongoing debate concerning a write-up titled, “Young teenage suicides in Bangladesh – are mandatory Junior School Certificate exams to blame?”published in ‘International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction’by Mamun and Griffiths (2020a).Arafat (2020), are searcher from Bangladesh, initiated the debate through a letter to the editor of that journal raising several theoretical and procedural/methodological flaws of the original publication of Mamun and Griffiths (2020a).Arafat (2020) finds this publication as “potentially flawed” and “purely hypothetical” (p.1).Hereafter, Mamun, and Griffiths (2020b) categorically refuted each of the claims raised by Arafat (2020)to justify their stance and flows writing another letter to the editor. Space will not allow us to touch upon each of their arguments and counter-arguments rather we would shed light on the major issues of their dissonance cornering the methodological issues. At the same time, we would also highlight our opinions in this regard.

scholarly journals Predicting emotional and social competence during early childhood from toddler risk and maternal behavior

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysia Y. Blandon ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
Susan P. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Maternal Control ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Transition To Kindergarten ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

AbstractThe longitudinal associations between maternal parenting behavior and toddler risk with children's emotional and social competence were examined during the transition to kindergarten, in a sample of 253 children. Toddler risk was characterized by early externalizing behavior and poor emotion regulation skills. Given that we were interested in the multiple pathways that may result in emotional and social competence, we examined the interactions among maternal parenting behavior and toddler risk. There were some significant interactions, although the pattern of results was not consistent across all competence outcomes. Maternal parenting behavior was not directly associated with children's emotional and social competence. In some instances, maternal control has differential implications for children's emotional and social competence dependent upon the child's level of early risk and maternal positive parenting. Specifically, maternal control tended to be more detrimental for children's emotional competence during the transition to kindergarten, when children exhibit higher levels of risk. Overall, it appears that there are multiple developmental pathways, depending on child and maternal characteristics that lead to early emotional and social competence.

scholarly journals Toddlers’ Differential Susceptibility to the Effects of Coparenting on Social–Emotional Adjustment

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Altenburger ◽  
Sarah N. Lang ◽  
Sarah J. Schoppe-Sullivan ◽  
Claire M. Kamp Dush ◽  
Susan Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Development Data

The paper reports on a study which tested whether infants high in negative affectivity are differentially susceptible to observed coparenting behavior in relation to their subsequent social–emotional development. Data came from a longitudinal study of 182 US dual-earner, primiparous couples and their infant children. At nine-months postpartum, child negative affectivity was reported by mothers and fathers and supportive and undermining coparenting behavior were assessed from mother-father-infant observations. At 27-months mothers reported on toddlers’ externalizing behavior and dysregulation using a clinical assessment tool designed to identify competencies and areas of concern in toddlers’ social–emotional development. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed partial support for the differential susceptibility hypothesis. Specifically, infants high in negative affectivity had lower levels of dysregulation when embedded in a more supportive coparenting context, and higher levels of dysregulation when embedded in a less supportive coparenting context. In contrast, supportive coparenting behavior was not relevant for the dysregulation of infants initially low in negative affectivity.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Child Personality and Parenting in Relation to Child Well-Being: Support for Diathesis–Stress and Differential Susceptibility Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Loginova ◽  
Helena R. Slobodskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Child Personality

It is well-recognized that the individual characteristics of children moderate the effects of developmental conditions on the well-being of a child. The majority of interactions follow a diathesis–stress pattern; there is also evidence for differential susceptibility and vantage sensitivity models. The present study aimed to examine interactions between parenting and child personality in relation to the well-being of a Russian child and to evaluate the models for moderated relationships. Participants were primary caregivers of 370 children aged 2–7 years. Moderation effects were examined using hierarchical multiple regression and bivariate linear models. In order to differentiate between the models of environmental sensitivity, the analysis of regions of significance was used. Consistent with a diathesis–stress framework, the results revealed that among children low in conscientiousness and high in activity, punitive parenting was a risk factor for externalizing problems; among introverted and fearful children, punitive parenting was a risk factor for internalizing problems. Positive parenting/involvement was a protective factor for internalizing behavior, only for children low in openness. The findings also demonstrate the following evidence for the differential susceptibility model: children low in Beta higher-order personality trait (also known as plasticity or personal growth) showed more total problems when faced with low positive parenting, but fewer problems when experiencing high-quality parenting.

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