Fast-slow analysis as a technique for understanding the neuronal response to current ramps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Gasior ◽  
Kirill Korshunov ◽  
Paul Q. Trombley ◽  
Richard Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Response

scholarly journals Wine-Derived Phenolic Metabolites in the Digestive and Brain Function

Beverages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Zorraquín-Peña ◽  
Adelaida Esteban-Fernández ◽  
Dolores González de Llano ◽  
Begoña Bartolomé ◽  
M. Moreno-Arribas
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Phenolic Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wine Polyphenols ◽  
Health Promoting

Wine, and specifically red wine, is a beverage with a great chemical complexity comprising a particular combination of phenolic compounds which are directly associated with its health-promoting properties. Wine polyphenols could induce changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota that would affect the production of physiologically active phenolic metabolites modifying the content and phenolic profile at the systemic level. In addition, in the human population, it seems that different “metabotypes”, or patterns of metabolizing wine polyphenols, exist, which would be reflected in the different biological fluids (i.e., plasma, urine and feces) and tissues of the human body. Moreover, wine polyphenols might change the composition of oral microbiota by an antimicrobial action and/or by inhibition of the adhesion of pathogens to oral cells, thus contributing to the maintenance of oral health. In turn, polyphenols and/or its metabolites could have a direct action on brain function, by positively affecting signaling routes involved in stress-induced neuronal response, as well as by preventing neuroticism-like disorders (i.e., anxiety and depression) through anti-inflammatory and epigenetic mechanisms. All of this would condition the positive effects on health derived from moderate wine consumption. This paper reviews all these topics, which are directly related with the effects of wine polyphenols at both digestive and brain level. Further progresses expected in the coming years in these fields are also discussed.

scholarly journals A9 DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA NEURONAL RESPONSES AND SUBSTANCE P PRODUCTION ARE HIGHER IN MALE MICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
J Pujo ◽  
G De Palma ◽  
J Lu ◽  
S M Collins ◽  
P Bercik
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Visceral Sensitivity ◽  
Germ Free

Abstract Background Abdominal pain is a common complaint in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota is an important determinant of gut function, including visceral sensitivity. Germ-free (GF) mice have been shown to display visceral hypersensitivity, which normalizes after colonization. Sex also appears to play a key role in visceral sensitivity, as women report more abdominal pain than men. Thus, both gut bacteria and sex are important in the regulation of gut nociception, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Aims To investigate the role of gut microbiota and sex in abdominal pain. Methods We used primary cultures of sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of female and male conventionally raised (SPF) or germ-free (GF) mice (7–18 weeks old). To study the visceral afferent activity in vitro, calcium mobilization in DRG sensory neurons was measured by inverted fluorescence microscope using a fluorescent calcium probe Fluo-4 (1mM). Two parameters were considered i) the percentage of responding neurons ii) the intensity of the neuronal response. First, DRG sensory neurons were stimulated by a TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (12.5nM, 125nM and 1.25µM) or by a mixture of G-protein coupled receptors agonist (GPCR: bradykinin, histamine and serotonin; 1µM, 10µM and 100µM). We next measured the neuronal production of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), two neuropeptides associated with nociception, in response to capsaicin (1.25µM) or GPCR agonists (100µM) by ELISA and EIA, respectively. Results The percentage of neurons responding to capsaicin and GPCR agonists was similar in male and female SPF and GF mice. However, the intensity of the neuronal response was higher in SPF male compared to SPF female in response to capsaicin (125nM: p=0.0336; 1.25µM: p=0.033) but not to GPCR agonists. Neuronal activation was similar in GF and SPF mice of both sexes after administration of capsaicin or GPCR agonists. Furthermore, substance P and CGRP production by sensory neurons induced by capsaicin or GPCR agonists was similar in SPF and GF mice, regardless of sex. However, while the response to capsaicin was similar, the GPCR agonists-induced production of substance P was higher in SPF male mice compared to SPF females (p=0.003). The GPCR agonists-induced production of CGRP was similar in SPF male and female mice. Conclusions Our data suggest that at the level of DRG neurons, the absence of gut microbiota does not predispose to visceral hypersensitivity. The intensity of DRG neuronal responses to capsaicin and the GPCR agonists-induced production of substance P are higher in male compared to female mice, in contrast to previously published studies in various models of acute and chronic pain. Further studies are thus needed to investigate the role of sex in visceral sensitivity. Funding Agencies CIHR

scholarly journals Imaging mass cytometry reveals generalised deficiency in OXPHOS complexes in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Chen ◽  
David McDonald ◽  
Alasdair Blain ◽  
Ashwin Sachdeva ◽  
Laura Bone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Mitochondrial Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Mass Cytometry ◽  
And Control

AbstractHere we report the application of a mass spectrometry-based technology, imaging mass cytometry, to perform in-depth proteomic profiling of mitochondrial complexes in single neurons, using metal-conjugated antibodies to label post-mortem human midbrain sections. Mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly deficiency in complex I has previously been associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. To further our understanding of the nature of this dysfunction, and to identify Parkinson’s disease specific changes, we validated a panel of antibodies targeting subunits of all five mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes in dopaminergic neurons from Parkinson’s disease, mitochondrial disease, and control cases. Detailed analysis of the expression profile of these proteins, highlighted heterogeneity between individuals. There is a widespread decrease in expression of all complexes in Parkinson’s neurons, although more severe in mitochondrial disease neurons, however, the combination of affected complexes varies between the two groups. We also provide evidence of a potential neuronal response to mitochondrial dysfunction through a compensatory increase in mitochondrial mass. This study highlights the use of imaging mass cytometry in the assessment and analysis of expression of oxidative phosphorylation proteins, revealing the complexity of deficiencies of these proteins within individual neurons which may contribute to and drive neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease.

Testosterone Works Through Androgen Receptors to Modulate Neuronal Response to Anxiogenic Stimuli

2021 ◽  
pp. 135852
Author(s):  
Chieh V. Chen ◽  
Cynthia L. Jordan ◽  
S. Marc Breedlove
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Neuronal Response

BRAIN-STEM NEURONAL RESPONSE PATTERNS TO MONAURAL AND BINAURAL TONES

1964 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Moushegian ◽  
Allen Rupert ◽  
Milton A. Whitcomb
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Response Patterns

scholarly journals Neural Decoding Using a Parallel Sequential Monte Carlo Method on Point Processes with Ensemble Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Xu ◽  
Yiwen Wang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yuxi Liao ◽  
Qiaosheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Point Process ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Point Processes ◽  
Sequential Monte Carlo ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
Sequential Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Proposed Model

Sequential Monte Carlo estimation on point processes has been successfully applied to predict the movement from neural activity. However, there exist some issues along with this method such as the simplified tuning model and the high computational complexity, which may degenerate the decoding performance of motor brain machine interfaces. In this paper, we adopt a general tuning model which takes recent ensemble activity into account. The goodness-of-fit analysis demonstrates that the proposed model can predict the neuronal response more accurately than the one only depending on kinematics. A new sequential Monte Carlo algorithm based on the proposed model is constructed. The algorithm can significantly reduce the root mean square error of decoding results, which decreases 23.6% in position estimation. In addition, we accelerate the decoding speed by implementing the proposed algorithm in a massive parallel manner on GPU. The results demonstrate that the spike trains can be decoded as point process in real time even with 8000 particles or 300 neurons, which is over 10 times faster than the serial implementation. The main contribution of our work is to enable the sequential Monte Carlo algorithm with point process observation to output the movement estimation much faster and more accurately.

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