Comparison of end-tidal CO2 measured by transportable capnometer (EMMA™ capnograph) and arterial pCO2 in general anesthesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Woo Kim ◽  
Hey Ran Choi ◽  
Si Ra Bang ◽  
Jeong-wook Lee
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2

Infrared end-tidal CO2 measurement does not accurately predict arterial CO2 values or end-tidal to arterial PCO2, gradients in rabbits with lung injury

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew O. Hopper ◽  
Gerald A. Nystrom ◽  
Douglas D. Deming ◽  
Wesley R. Brown ◽  
Joyce L. Peabody
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2

A comparison of the end-tidal-CO2 documented by capnometry and the arterial pCO2 in emergency patients

Resuscitation ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Prause ◽  
H Hetz ◽  
P Lauda ◽  
H Pojer ◽  
F Smolle-Juettner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Emergency Patients ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2

End-tidal CO2 response to low levels of inspired CO2 in awake beagle dogs

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Reischl ◽  
D. M. Stavert ◽  
S. M. Lewis ◽  
L. C. Murdock ◽  
B. J. O'Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Co2 Response ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Control Of Ventilation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2

The steady-state end-tidal CO2 tension (PCO2) was examined during control and 1% CO2 inhalation periods in awake beagle dogs with an intact airway breathing through a low dead-space respiratory mask. A total of eight experiments were performed in four dogs, comprising 31 control observations and 23 CO2 inhalation observations. The 1% inhaled CO2 produced a significant increase in the steady-state end-tidal PCO2 comparable to the expected 1 Torr predicted from conventional CO2 control of ventilation. We conclude that 1% inhaled CO2 results in a hypercapnia. Any protocol that is to resolve the question of whether mechanisms are acting during low levels of inhaled CO2 such that ventilation increases without any change in arterial PCO2 must have sufficient resolving power to discriminate changes in gas tension in magnitude predicted from conventional (i.e., arterial PCO2) control of ventilation.

scholarly journals Illinois Dental Anesthesia and Sedation Survey for 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Flick ◽  
Michael Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Advanced Cardiac Life Support ◽  
Moderate Sedation ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Electrocardiogram Monitoring ◽  
Staffing Requirements ◽  
End Tidal Co2

A statewide decennial survey was sent to practicing dentists holding sedation or general anesthesia permits to identify office sedation/general anesthesia trends and practices over the last 10 years. This survey constitutes the third such survey, spanning a total of 20 years. Of the 234 respondents in the 2016 survey, 34% held an Illinois moderate sedation permit and 64% held a general anesthesia permit. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons represented the majority of respondents (143/234; 61%). The remainder of responses were from general dentists (39; 17%) pediatric dentists (32; 14%), periodontists (16; 7%), dentist anesthesiologists (3; 1.3%) and 1 periodontist/dentist anesthesiologist. Surveys over the 20 years revealed the following significant trends: an increase in practitioners current in advanced cardiac life support certification, an increase in the number of non-oral maxillofacial surgeons with a sedation permit, an increase in providers of moderate sedation, and an increase in offices equipped with end-tidal CO2 and electrocardiogram monitoring. However, a number of providers were identified as not compliant with certain state mandates. For example, many respondents failed to meet minimum office team staffing requirements during sedation, hold semiannual office emergency drills, and establish written emergency management protocols.

Mass spectrometry for monitoring respiratory and anesthetic gas waveforms in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 955-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Larach ◽  
H. G. Schuler ◽  
T. M. Skeehan ◽  
J. A. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Reflex Movement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Respiratory Gases ◽  
End Tidal Co2

A method is presented for real-time monitoring of airway gas concentration waveforms in rats and other small animals. Gas is drawn from the tracheal tube, analyzed by a mass spectrometer, and presented as concentration vs. time waveforms simultaneously for CO2, halothane, and other respiratory gases and anesthetics. By use of a respiratory simulation device, the accuracy of mass spectrometric end-tidal CO2 analysis was compared with both the actual gas composition and infrared spectrophotometry. The effects of various ventilator rates and inspiration-to-expiration ratios on sampling accuracy were also examined. The technique was validated in male Sprague-Dawley rats being ventilated mechanically. The difference between the arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) and the end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) was not significantly different from zero, and the correlation between PETCO2 and PaCO2 was strong (r = 0.97, P less than 0.0001). Continuous gas sampling for periods up to 5 min did not affect PaCO2, PETCO2, or airway pressures. By use of this new method for measuring end-tidal halothane concentrations in rats approximately 6.5 mo of age, the minimum alveolar concentration of halothane that prevented reflex movement in response to tail clamping was 0.97 +/- 0.04% atmospheric (n = 14). This mass spectrometric technique can be used in small laboratory animals, such as rats, weighing as little as 250 g. Gas monitoring did not distort either PETCO2 or PaCO2. Under the defined conditions of this study, accurate and simultaneous measurements of phasic respiratory concentrations of anesthetic and respiratory gases can be achieved.

Time course of end-tidal CO2 after Adjustment of ventilatory parameters during stable general anesthesia

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement 37) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
M. Negrau ◽  
M. Filip ◽  
Z. Beres ◽  
L. I. Szegedi ◽  
L. L. Szegedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Ventilatory Parameters ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2

scholarly journals Inadvertent severe hypercapnia during general anesthesia: drop-in oxygen saturation or electrocardiography changes; which one warns us earlier?

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Solhpour ◽  
Ardeshir Tajbakhsh ◽  
Saeid Safari ◽  
Maryam Movaffaghi ◽  
Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contraction ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Ventricular Contraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cardiac Dysrhythmias ◽  
Long Time ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2

Abstract Background During general anesthesia especially when the nurse or anesthesiologist forgets to change manual to controlled mode after successful endotracheal intubation, capnography shows End-tidal Co2 above 20 mmHg after checking the place of the tracheal tube and will remain on the screen permanently. In this scenario, the patient receives a high concentration of oxygen, and Spo2 (oxygen saturation) does not drop for a long time which is too late to intervene. It has been all-time questionable which one of the cardiac dysrhythmias or Spo2 dropping occurs earlier. Results Medical records of seven deceased patients reviewed. All of them had electrocardiogram changes including premature ventricular contraction or bradycardia as a first warning sign. Oxygen saturation remains above 95% even with cardiac dysrhythmia. Conclusions Bradycardia and premature ventricular contraction were the first warning findings for severe hypercapnia during general anesthesia and occurred earlier than dropping oxygen saturation. Furthermore, the normal capnography waveform is more reliable than the End-tidal Co2 number for monitoring.

Breathing responses of unanesthetized man and guinea pigs to increased transrespiratory pressure

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Gillespie ◽  
E. Bruce ◽  
J. Alexander ◽  
J. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2

We compared the breathing responses of unanesthetized men and guinea pigs to externally imposed shifts in lung volume produced by steady pressures applied to the body surface while the mouth remained near atmospheric pressure. Lung inflation caused no consistent or significant changes either in frequency or end-tidal CO2 in the three men. In contrast, during lung inflation the guinea pigs breathed at low frequencies and smaller tidal volumes and showed consistent increases in arterial PCO2 lasting up to 10 min. The changes seen immediately on application of pressure, namely apneic periods followed by breathing in which inspiratory duration was shortened while expiratory duration was substantially increased, indicates that conscious guinea pigs have active inflation reflexes. We concluded that the reflex responses rather than mechanical factors probably account for the underventilation in the guinea pigs and that guinea pigs are not nearly as well equipped as is man to defend gas exchange in the face of nonmetabolic shifts in lung volume.

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