Socio-Demographic Correlates of Injection Drug Use Among Male Drug Users: A Cross Sectional Study in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Raj Neupane ◽  
Shiva Raj Mishra ◽  
Samaj Adhikari ◽  
Amod Kumar Poudyal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Correlates

scholarly journals Injection drug use practices and HIV infection among people who inject drugs in Kigali, Rwanda: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Olivier Twahirwa Rwema ◽  
Vianney Nizeyimana ◽  
Neia M. Prata ◽  
Nneoma E. Okonkwo ◽  
Amelia A. Mazzei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Needle Sharing ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background In Rwanda, epidemiological data characterizing people who inject drugs (PWID) and their burden of HIV are limited. We examined injection drug use (IDU) history and practices, and HIV infection in a sample of PWID in Kigali. Methods From October 2019 to February 2020, 307 PWID aged ≥ 18 were enrolled in a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling in Kigali. Participants completed interviewer-administered questionnaires on IDU history and practices and HIV testing. We used Poisson regression with robust variance estimation to assess IDU practices associated with HIV infection and assessed factors associated with needle sharing in the six months preceding the study. Results The median age was 28 years (IQR 24–31); 81% (251) were males. Female PWID were more likely to report recent IDU initiation, selling sex for drugs, and to have been injected by a sex partner (p < 0.05). In the prior six months, heroin was the primary drug of choice for 99% (303) of participants, with cocaine and methamphetamine also reported by 10% (31/307) and 4% (12/307), respectively. In total, 91% (280/307) of participants reported ever sharing needles in their lifetime and 43% (133) knew someone who died from a drug-related overdose. HIV prevalence was 9.5% (95% CI 8.7–9.3). Sharing needles at least half of the time in the previous six months was positively associated with HIV infection (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 2.67; 95% CI 1.23–5.78). Overall, 31% (94/307) shared needles and 33% (103/307) reused needles in the prior six months. Female PWID were more likely to share needles compared to males (aPR 1.68; 95% CI 1.09–2.59). Additionally, bisexual PWID (aPR 1.68; 95% CI 1.09–2.59), those who shared needles at the first injection (aPR 2.18; 95% CI 1.59–2.99), reused needles recently (aPR 2.27; 95% CI 1.51–3.43) and shared other drug paraphernalia (aPR 3.56; 95% CI 2.19–5.81) were more likely to report recent needle sharing. Conclusion HIV infection was common in this study. The high prevalence of needle reuse and sharing practices highlights significant risks for onward transmission and acquisition of HIV and viral hepatitis. These data highlight the urgent need for PWID-focused harm reduction services in Rwanda, including syringe services programs, safe injection education, naloxone distribution, and substance use disorder treatment programs and optimizing these services to the varied needs of people who use drugs in Rwanda.

scholarly journals Injecting Drug Users and Their Health Seeking Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
Tuhin Biswas ◽  
Faiz Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Md. Serajul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Mizanur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Seeking Behavior ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction and Aim.Injecting drug users (IDUs) are amongst the most vulnerable people to acquisition of HIV/AIDS. This study aims to collect information on IDUs and their health seeking behavior in Bangladesh.Design and Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 IDUs attending a drug rehabilitation center in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected on sociodemographics, drug use, health seeking behavior, knowledge of injecting drugs, and sexual behavior.Results.The mean ± SD and median (IQR) age of the participants were32.5±21.3and 33 (27–38) years, respectively, with only 9.2% females. Injection buprenorphine was the drug of choice for 40% of participants, and 58% of the participants first started drug use with smoking cannabis. 73.3% of participants shared needles sometimes and 57.5% were willing to use the needle exchange programs. 60% of the participants had no knowledge about the diseases spread by injection. Condom use during the last intercourse with regular partners was 11.7% and with any partners 15.8%.Conclusion.IDUs in Bangladesh are a high-risk group for HIV/AIDS due to lack of knowledge and risky behaviors. Education and interventions specifically aimed at IDUs are needed, because traditional education may not reach IDUs or influence their behavior.

scholarly journals The intersection between sex and drugs: a cross-sectional study among the spouses of injection drug users in Chennai, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil S Solomon ◽  
Aylur K Srikrishnan ◽  
David D Celentano ◽  
Sethulakshmi C Johnson ◽  
Canjeevaram K Vasudevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Injection drug use, depression, and HIV screening in rural primary care settings: A retrospective cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shameka Cody ◽  
David L Albright ◽  
Justin McDaniel ◽  
Shanna McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced HIV viral replication and transmission of disease. However, continuing incidence of new HIV infections has been attributed to undiagnosed HIV infections among injection drug users. This purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to determine whether depression moderates the relationship between injection drug use and HIV screening among people with substance use in the screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment in Alabama (AL-SBIRT) program. Methods Electronic health record data were obtained from three consenting medical facilities (n = 103). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the moderating effect of depression on the relationship between injection drug use and HIV screening. Results Bivariate analyses revealed that HIV screening was more common among individuals not engaged in injection drug use, 75% and 57% respectively. Participants who had never been screened had worse depressive symptoms on the PHQ-2 (M = 3.00, SE = 0.42) than individuals who had been screened for HIV (M = 1.45, SE = 0.17). After controlling for demographic variables, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and drug abuse, results indicated a moderating effect of depression on the relationship between injection drug use and receipt of HIV screening (aOR = 0.85 [95% CI = 0.84, 0.86). Discussion Findings suggest that high risk subgroups such as injection drug users with severe depression may not be using HIV prevention services, leading to possible delays in HIV diagnosis. Integration of behavioral interventions and HIV prevention services may reduce risk factors among depressed injection drug users. Such interventions may improve retention for injection drug users who experience worse depressive symptoms post HIV diagnosis.

scholarly journals Recreational Drug use and Risk of HIV Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex with men: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tianjin, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changping Li ◽  
Zeyang Yu ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Honglu Zhang ◽  
Huijie Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Recreational Drug ◽  
Recreational Drugs ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recreational Drug Use ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background- Recreational drug use among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) was a public health issue of worldwide concern. Evidence had shown the relevance between recreational drug use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study aimed to investigate the current prevalence state of recreational drug use among YMSM in Tianjin, discern the characteristics of YMSM who used recreational drugs or not and examine the interaction effect of recreational drug use and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) on HIV infection.Methods- In 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Tianjin, China. The snowball sampling method was used to recruit YMSM. Participants were recruited from gay bars, gay bathhouses, social network sites (WeChat, QQ, gay chat website), gay apps and peer referrals. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data.Results- A total of 1075 YMSM met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study eventually. The overall HIV prevalence was 4.3% (46/1075). Of all the recreational drugs involved in this study (rush poppers, methamphetamine, capsule No.0), rush poppers (406/517,78.5%) were the most popular among YMSM in Tianjin. Compared with non-drug users, drug users were more likely to have first sex earlier, be bisexual, be male sex worker (MSW), have a higher education level, seek sex partners through physical venues, engage in UAI, have sexually transmitted infection (STI), and receive HIV testing. Moreover, recreational drug use and UAI were associated with the increased risk of HIV infection [adjusted OR:3.6 (95%CI: 1.7-7.6) and 4.9 (95%CI: 2.2-10.4), respectively]. There was additive interaction of recreational drug use and UAI on HIV infection [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI): 6.949 (95%CI: 0.011‐13.887); attributable proportion due to interaction (AP): 0.809 (95%CI: 0.578‐1.039)].Conclusions- Recreational drug use was common and correlated with HIV infection among YMSM in Tianjin. There was an urgent need to build novel targeted HIV prevention strategies to discern and reduce recreational drug use among YMSM in China.

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