Self-Compassion or Self-Criticism? Predicting Women Athletes’ Psychological Flourishing in Sport in Canada

Author(s):  
Leah J. Ferguson ◽  
Margo E. K. Adam ◽  
Katie E. Gunnell ◽  
Kent C. Kowalski ◽  
Diane E. Mack ◽  
...  
2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber D. Mosewich ◽  
Kent C. Kowalski ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston ◽  
Whitney A. Sedgwick ◽  
Jessica L. Tracy

Self-compassion has demonstrated many psychological benefits (Neff, 2009). In an effort to explore self-compassion as a potential resource for young women athletes, we explored relations among self-compassion, proneness to self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame, guilt-free shame, guilt, shame-free guilt, authentic pride, and hubristic pride), and potentially unhealthy self-evaluative thoughts and behaviors (i.e., social physique anxiety, obligatory exercise, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation). Young women athletes (N = 151; Mage = 15.1 years) participated in this study. Self-compassion was negatively related to shame proneness, guilt-free shame proneness, social physique anxiety, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation. In support of theoretical propositions, self-compassion explained variance beyond self-esteem on shame proneness, guilt-free shame proneness, shame-free guilt proneness, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation. Results suggest that, in addition to self-esteem promotion, self-compassion development may be beneficial in cultivating positive sport experiences for young women.


Author(s):  
Margo E.K. Adam ◽  
Abimbola O. Eke ◽  
Leah J. Ferguson

Self-compassion, an adaptive self-attitude, is a resource that women athletes use during emotionally difficult times and as a way to reach their potential. The relationship between self-compassion and sport performance, however, is complex. The role and experience of self-compassion within perceived important competitive events are important to explore, as athletes face unique pressures and stressors in these meaningful sport experiences. This collective case study describes women athletes’ self-compassion, sport performance perceptions, and well-being around a self-identified important competitive event. Competitive women athletes (N = 9) participated in two one-on-one interviews, before and after their important competitive event. Results from the holistic, functional, and thematic analyses are represented by holistic case descriptions and an overarching theme, Continuing to Excel in Sport, and subthemes, Reframing Criticism and A Determined Approach. In important competitive events, women athletes utilize self-compassion to promote performance perceptions and well-being when preparing, competing, and reflecting to excel in sport.


2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah J. Ferguson ◽  
Kent C. Kowalski ◽  
Diane E. Mack ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston

Using a mixed methods research design, we explored self-compassion and eudaimonic well-being in young women athletes. In a quantitative study (n = 83), we found that self-compassion and eudaimonic well-being were positively related (r = .76, p < .01). A model of multiple mediation was proposed, with self-compassion, passivity, responsibility, initiative, and self-determination accounting for 83% of the variance in eudaimonic well-being. In a qualitative study (n = 11), we explored when and how self-compassion might be useful in striving to reach one’s potential in sport. Self-compassion was described as advantageous in difficult sport-specific situations by increasing positivity, perseverance, and responsibility, as well as decreasing rumination. Apprehensions about fully embracing a self-compassionate mindset in sport warrant additional research to explore the seemingly paradoxical role of self-compassion in eudaimonic well-being.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Sutherland ◽  
Kent C. Kowalski ◽  
Leah J. Ferguson ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston ◽  
Whitney A. Sedgwick ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191
Author(s):  
Abimbola Eke ◽  
Margo Adam ◽  
Kent Kowalski ◽  
Leah Ferguson

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Reis ◽  
Kent C. Kowalski ◽  
Leah J. Ferguson ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston ◽  
Whitney A. Sedgwick ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber D. Mosewich ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston ◽  
Kent C. Kowalski ◽  
Patrick Gaudreau ◽  
Peter R.E. Crocker

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margo E. Killham ◽  
Amber D. Mosewich ◽  
Diane E. Mack ◽  
Katie E. Gunnell ◽  
Leah J. Ferguson

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber D. Mosewich ◽  
Peter R.E. Crocker ◽  
Kent C. Kowalski ◽  
Anita DeLongis

This study investigated the effects of a self-compassion intervention on negative cognitive states and selfcompassion in varsity women athletes. Athletes who self-identified as being self-critical were randomly assigned to a self-compassion intervention (n = 29) or attention control group (n = 22). The self-compassion intervention consisted of a psychoeducation session and writing components completed over a 7-day period. Measures of self-compassion, state self-criticism, state rumination, and concern over mistakes were collected pretreatment, at 1 week posttreatment, and at a 4-week follow-up. A mixed factorial MANOVA with follow-up post hoc tests demonstrated moderate-to-strong effects for the intervention at posttest and follow-up (Wilks’s Λ = .566, F (8, 42) = 4.03, p < .01, η2 = .43). The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the self-compassion intervention in managing self-criticism, rumination, and concern over mistakes. Fostering a self-compassionate frame of mind is a potential coping resource for women athletes dealing with negative events in sport.


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