stress process
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Author(s):  
Seungjong Cho

AbstractThis study synthesizes the current theoretical knowledge to explain the relationship between neighbourhood stressors and depressive symptoms. The two most relevant sociological theories, social disorganization theory and stress process theory, are identified. The current study carefully reviewed the two theories regarding their historical development and key conceptual aspects, beginning with the theoretical evolution of research on neighbourhood stressors and mental health. This study also provides detailed critiques on each theory and suggests how researchers can apply both theories to their empirical testing. For example, social disorganization theory points out the application of both objective and subjective aspects of neighbourhood stressors. Also, the stress process theory emphasizes the mediating or moderating role of psychosocial resources. In conclusion, this study suggests a conceptual model of neighbourhood stressors, psychosocial resources, and depressive symptoms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Piscopo ◽  
Antonio Scamardella ◽  
Giovanni Battista Rossi ◽  
Francesco Crenna ◽  
Marta Berardengo

The fatigue assessment of mooring lines for floating offshore wind turbines represents a challenging issue not only for the reliable design of the stationkeeping system but also for the economic impact on the installation and maintenance costs over the entire lifetime of the offshore wind farm. After a brief review about the state-of-art, the nonlinear time-domain hydrodynamic model of floating offshore wind turbines moored by chain cables is discussed. Subsequently, the assessment of the fatigue damage in the mooring lines is outlined, focusing on the combined-spectrum approach. The relevant fatigue parameters, due to the low- and wave-frequency components of the stress process, are estimated by two different methods. The former is based on the time-domain analysis of the filtered stress process time history. The latter, instead, is based on the spectral analysis of the stress process by two advanced methods, namely the Welch and Thomson ones. Subsequently, a benchmark study is performed, assuming as reference floating offshore wind turbine the OC4-DeepCWind semisubmersible platform, equipped with the 5 MW NREL wind turbine. The cumulative fatigue damage is determined for eight load conditions, including both power production and parked wind turbine situations. A comparative analysis between time-domain and spectral analysis methods is also performed. Current results clearly show that the endorsement of advanced spectral analysis methods can be helpful to improve the reliability of the fatigue life assessment of mooring lines.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 105-106
Author(s):  
Yeonjung Lee ◽  
Alex Bierman ◽  
Margaret Penning

Abstract Extensive research documents the outcomes of family caregiving. However, perspectives differ, with some suggesting that caregiving provides psychological rewards and others suggesting that the stress of caregiving carries psychological costs. We argue that both of these perspectives are correct, but their applicability will differ based on the timing of caregiving and the availability of social support. A life course perspective suggests that the timing of a stressor in the life course will create variations in its mental health impacts, whereas a stress process perspective suggests that the consequences of a given stressor for mental health will vary based on the availability of social support. A synthesis of these two perspectives then suggests that social support will act as stress buffer differently depending on the age of caregiver. To examine these questions, we use a subsample of respondents who reported caregiving (N=20,441) in the 1st wave of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Analyses provide evidence of different outcomes of caregiving, according to both the timing of caregiving and the availability of support. In particular, a high level of caregiving demands are associated with greater depression and lower life satisfaction. Social support inhibits both associations, and the association between high demands and life satisfaction is stronger in older caregivers. Social support does not buffer high caregiving demands more strongly at older ages, though, showing two distinct process. Demanding caregiving appears particularly detrimental for psychological well-being as people age, and the efficacy of social support resources do not increase to compensate.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
David Almeida ◽  
Daniel Mroczek

Abstract Daily experiences of stress and the associated sequelae of affective and physiological changes represent the multiple dimensions of a complex, time-dependent process of how stressors unfold in daily life. Daily diaries capture these time-sensitive processes as they occur under real world conditions. Longitudinal changes in stress processes can then be tracked using a measurement burst design: daily diaries repeated longitudinally. Using this design, the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) has generated more than 35,000 days of data from a national sample of over 2,500 adults assessed repeatedly across 20 years of adulthood. The NSDE features details of more than 10,000 reports daily stress including exposure, appraisal and affective responses from adults ranging in age from 24 to 95 years. The current symposium leverages this unique and influential dataset to examine age differences and aging-related changes in daily stress processes with four presentations from the NSDE. First, Dr. Robert Stawski will discuss longitudinal change and age-related differences in exposure to multiple types of daily stressors. Next, Dr. Susan Charles will examine age differences and change in a key element of the stress process: negative affect. Third, Dr. Eric Cerino will describe longitudinal change in appraisals of daily stressors focusing on stressor control. Finally, Dr. David Almeida will examine changes in negative affect reactivity to daily stressors across the 20 years of the NSDE. Dr. Dan Mroczek will discuss the picture these presentations provide of how aging and age-differences impact the daily stress process and future directions for understanding these trajectories.


Author(s):  
Kylie N. Meyer ◽  
Ashlie Glassner ◽  
Kyungmi Lee ◽  
Carolyn E. Z. Pickering ◽  
Carole L. White

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 799-800
Author(s):  
Sean Browning

Abstract This research assessed the role of welfare state/family care regimes, intersecting social locations and stress process factors in influencing the life satisfaction of informal caregivers of care recipients with age-related needs or disabilities within a European international context. Empirical analyses were conducted with a sample of informal caregivers residing in Denmark, Sweden, France, Germany, Italy, Greece and the United Kingdom (n=6,007). Ordinary least squares and ordered logit regression models revealed that welfare state/family care regime, intersecting social locations, and stress process factors were independently associated with the life satisfaction of informal caregivers. Furthermore, there was some evidence to suggest that social location and stress process factors intervened in some of the relationships between regime type and life satisfaction. There was also some evidence that stress process factors intervened in the relationships between social location factors and life satisfaction. Overall, the results provide support for integrating welfare state/family care regime type and intersectionality factors into the stress process model as applied to the context of informal caregiving. The results also have policy and practice implications with regards to which social location and stress process factors explain specific disparities in life satisfaction between informal caregivers residing in different welfare state/family care regimes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 811-812
Author(s):  
Joseph Svec ◽  
Jeongeun Lee

Abstract In the US, many employed caregivers make professional adjustments, exacerbating already tenuous balances between work and life. Using the framework of the Stress Process Model (SPM), current research examines the sources of support (both formal and informal) and the contextual factors that facilitate or impede caregiver support. In this research, we examine whether and to what extent caregiver work strain is ameliorated by the presence of additional family caregivers and formal service use. This study utilizes data provided by the National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) data. Using panel methods for the pooled waves, we analyze the associations between work-strain and the number of additional caregivers with utilization of formal support (such as paid service support). Preliminary analyses align with the Stress Process Model as additional caregivers for each respective care-recipient is associated with lower levels of work strain. On the other hand, utilization of formal services (paid help and Medicaid funding) is positively associated with work strain. These findings suggest that the number of additional caregivers can reduce the negative impact of caregiving on work related strain among employed caregivers. That is, multiple caregivers may be more reflective of cooperative arrangements which offset work disruptions that occur with the onset of caregiving. In addition, formal sources may more frequently be used as a last resort to address caregiver burnout. Ongoing analyses are examining changes in the number of caregivers and its impact on disruptive work event, which could lead to financial outcomes for caregivers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexin Zhang

The pull-out test of the bar and PUC is carried out in this paper, the effects of protective layer thickness, reinforcement anchorage length, diameter and shape of reinforcement on bonding properties were studied. The results show that the bond strength between reinforcement and PUC material increases with the increase of the thickness of the protective layer, but decreases with the increase of the anchorage length and diameter of reinforcement. The bond strength of bare round steel is significantly lower than that of ribbed steel, and the maximum bond strength is about 47.4% of ribbed steel. By analyzing the bond slip curve obtained from the pull-out test, the stress process of bond anchorage between reinforcement bar and PUC material is mainly summarized into three stages: the rising stage, the falling stage and the residual stage. The characteristics of the curve, the stress process and the failure mode of specimen at each stage are analyzed.


Author(s):  
Karima Rjiba-Touati ◽  
Hiba Hamdi ◽  
Asma M’nassri ◽  
Yosra Guedri ◽  
Moncef Mokni ◽  
...  

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