Toward an Integrated Multilevel Theory of Crime at Place: Routine Activities, Social Disorganization, and The Law of Crime Concentration

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick W. Jones ◽  
William Alex Pridemore
Keyword(s):  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
Law Of Crime Concentration ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Multilevel Theory ◽  
The Law

The geographic concentration of use of force incidents at subway stations mimics the law of crime concentration bandwidths: A research note

2020 ◽  
pp. 0032258X2092809
Author(s):  
Evan T Sorg ◽  
Kimberly A Houser ◽  
Carla Lewandowski ◽  
Natalie Schell-Busey
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Force ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
Geographic Concentration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Law Of Crime Concentration ◽  
Risky Facilities ◽  
The Law ◽  
Subway Stations

The Law of Crime Concentration states that a small percent of microplaces will account for large portions of crime. In this research, we demonstrate that police use of force incidents likewise occur at a small percentage of subway stations in Philadelphia, a category of ‘risky facilities’, where crime concentration is also expected. Those percentages mimic the bandwidths of the Law of Crime Concentration. We sketch pertinent data collection needs and future research questions that should be explored if a crime and place perspective is to play a role in understanding and informing policies geared toward reducing the extent to which police use force against the public.

This must be the place (to commit a crime). Testing the law of crime concentration in Milan, Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Favarin
Keyword(s):  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Street Segment ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
Law Of Crime Concentration ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

The dense distribution of crime in a small number of micro places led to the formulation of a law of crime concentration applicable across cities and stable over time. This law has rarely been tested in Europe and has never been tested in Italy. In addition, there is a lack of extensive knowledge about its determinants. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to test the presence and the stability of crime concentration in a different urban context and to explain this concentration. A street segment analysis and a group-based trajectory analysis were conducted to test the presence and the stability of crime concentration in the city of Milan (Italy), and negative binomial regression models were run to understand the main determinants of this concentration. The findings confirm the presence of crime concentration at street segment level, but only a few segments can be considered to be highly criminogenic over time. Social disorganization factors play an important role in explaining crime concentration, even though opportunity factors also coincide in this explanation. Despite their differences, cities around the world share the same crime concentration. The generalization of these findings is an important step in the development of common knowledge. Nevertheless, in Milan only a few segments are chronic hot spots. The stability pattern in the city needs to be further analysed using different methods. A theoretical integration approach considering both situational and social disorganization factors is promising in understanding why crime occurs in urban areas.

scholarly journals Assessing the Spatial Concentration of Urban Crime: An Insight from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Umar ◽  
Shane D. Johnson ◽  
James A. Cheshire
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Law Of Crime Concentration ◽  
The Law ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Objective Research demonstrates that crime is concentrated. This finding is so consistent that David Weisburd refers to this as the “law of crime concentration at place”. However, most research on crime concentration has been conducted in the US or European cities and has used secondary data sources. In this study, we examine whether the law of crime concentration applies in the context of sub-Saharan Africa using primary data. Methods A crime victimization survey was used to collect data in the city of Kaduna (Nigeria). Using these data, the concentration of crime (breaking-and-entering and domestic theft) was examined at the household, street segment, and neighborhood levels. Specifically, variants of a Lorenz curve and the Gini index (GI) were used to examine whether crime concentrates at these different spatial scales and if such concentration reflects anything beyond the spatial distribution of opportunity for these types of offenses. Results Crime was found to concentrate at all spatial scales, and having accounted for expectation, given the distribution of opportunity, crime was most concentrated at the household level, closely followed by street segments. It was relatively less concentrated at the neighborhood level. Conclusion The current study extends previous research in a number of ways. It shows that the law of crime concentration at place applies in a very different context to most previous work. Unlike previous studies, we use primary data collected specifically to test the law, avoiding problems associated with the dark figure of crime. Moreover, the findings persist after accounting for crime opportunity.

The Law of Crime Concentration at Places: Editors’ Introduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Braga ◽  
Martin A. Andresen ◽  
Brian Lawton
Keyword(s):  
Crime Concentration ◽  
Law Of Crime Concentration ◽  
The Law
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