scholarly journals Time-varying Effects of GABRG1 and Maladaptive Peer Behavior on Externalizing Behavior from Childhood to Adulthood: Testing Gene × Environment × Development Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1351-1364
Author(s):  
Elisa M. Trucco ◽  
Songshan Yang ◽  
James J. Yang ◽  
Robert A. Zucker ◽  
Runze Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Peer Behavior

scholarly journals Parental punitive discipline, negative life events and gene–environment interplay in the development of externalizing behavior

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. M. Button ◽  
J. Y. F. Lau ◽  
B. Maughan ◽  
T. C. Eley
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Punitive Discipline

BackgroundTo investigate the extent to which three putative ‘environmental’ risk factors, maternal punitive discipline (MPD), paternal punitive discipline (PPD) and negative life events (NLEs), share genetic influences with, and moderate the heritability of, externalizing behavior.MethodThe sample consisted of 2647 participants, aged 12–19 years, from the G1219 and G1219Twins longitudinal studies. Externalizing behavior was measured using the Youth Self-Report, MPD, PPD and exposure to NLEs were assessed using the Negative Sanctions Scale and the Life Event Scale for Adolescents respectively.ResultGenetic influences overlapped for externalizing behavior and each ‘environmental’ risk, indicating gene–environment correlation. When controlling for the gene–environment correlation, genetic variance decreased, and both shared and non-shared environmental influences increased, as a function of MPD. Genetic variance increased as a function of PPD, and for NLEs the only interaction effect was on the level of non-shared environment influence unique to externalizing behavior.ConclusionThe magnitude of the influence of genetic risk on externalizing behavior is contextually dependent, even after controlling for gene–environment correlation.

The determinants of parental childrearing behavior trajectories: The effects of parental and child time-varying and time-invariant predictors

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Roskam ◽  
Jean Christophe Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Child Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Parental Educational Level ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Evidence Based Programs ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
The Way

“Why do parents parent the way they do?” remains an important question since it concerns both scientific issues, such as the stability or change of childrearing behavior, and clinical issues, such as the way to promote positive parenting in evidence-based programs. Using an accelerated design, the aim of this study was to examine several parental and child predictors of childrearing behavior trajectories among 373 mothers and 356 fathers of 2- to 9-year-old children. Hypotheses were drawn from Belsky (1984) and subsequent studies of the determinants of parenting. The parental and child predictors were assessed and analyzed as time-varying (parental self-efficacy beliefs and child externalizing behavior) or time-invariant (parental educational level and personality traits) predictors, according to their conceptual properties. The results show a linear decrease in both supportive and controlling childrearing behavior in mothers and an improvement in supportive but a decrease in controlling childrearing behavior in fathers over time. Moreover, the results support the idea that childrearing behavior is determined by multiple factors, in particular the parents’ self-efficacy beliefs and the child’s behavior. Finally, the results confirm the hypothesis of a greater influence of child predictors than of parental ones in the case of mothers, while the reverse hypothesis of a greater predictive power of parental variables than of child ones is confirmed for fathers. The results are discussed both for research and clinical purposes.

scholarly journals Gene-Environment Covariance as a Mechanism of Declines in Openness in Late Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 462-462
Author(s):  
Christopher Beam ◽  
Emily Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Family Gene ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We previously demonstrated that openness to experience declines with age and these declines correlate with mortality risk. We posited that decline in openness was related to change in behavior in relation to a change in future time perspective, defined here as dynamic changes in scope of time that influence persons’ behavior. This idea, based on Baltes’ selection, optimization, and compensation theory of lifespan development, suggests that with foreshortened time horizons individuals adapt their behavior leading to lesser engagement in novel experiences and relationships. The current study examined the genetically informed mechanisms underpinning the relationship between openness and mortality. Using identical and fraternal twins from the Swedish Adoption Twin Study of Aging (SATSA), we examined whether twins further from death nonrandomly select environments that maintain their openness scores while their co-twins nearer to death nonrandomly select environments that contribute to declines in openness. Using a sample of 822 twin pairs, we estimated a genetically-informed longitudinal model that quantified time-varying effects of twins’ openness scores at time t-1 on latent nonshared environmental scores at time t. The model generates within-family gene-environment correlation, a statistical coefficient that quantifies the genetic basis for nonrandom exposure to environments. Results suggest significant time-varying correlations between twins’ openness scores and their unique environments as well as increasing gene-environment correlation over time. Findings are consistent with the view that environments can support and reinforce maintenance of or declines in openness depending on the length of persons’ time horizons.

scholarly journals Beyond risk: Prospective effects of GABA Receptor Subunit Alpha-2 (GABRA2) × Positive Peer Involvement on adolescent behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa M. Trucco ◽  
Sandra Villafuerte ◽  
Margit Burmeister ◽  
Robert A. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Receptor Subunit ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Peer Involvement ◽  
Peer Affiliation ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

AbstractResearch on Gene × Environment interactions typically focuses on maladaptive contexts and outcomes. However, the same genetic factors may also impact susceptibility to positive social contexts, leading to adaptive behavior. This paper examines whether the GABA receptor subunit alpha-2 (GABRA2) single nucleotide polymorphism rs279858 moderates the influence of positive peer affiliation on externalizing behavior and various forms of competence. Regions of significance were calculated to determine whether the form of the interaction supported differential susceptibility (increased sensitivity to both low and high positive peer affiliation) or vantage sensitivity (increased sensitivity to high positive peer affiliation). It was hypothesized that those carrying the homozygous minor allele (GG) would be more susceptible to peer effects. A sample (n = 300) of primarily male (69.7%) and White (93.0%) adolescents from the Michigan Longitudinal Study was assessed from ages 12 to 17. There was evidence for prospective Gene × Environment interactions in three of the four models. At low levels of positive peer involvement, those with the GG genotype were rated as having fewer adaptive outcomes, while at high levels they were rated as having greater adaptive outcomes. This supports differential susceptibility. Conceptualizing GABRA2 variants as purely risk factors may be inaccurate. Genetic differences in susceptibility to adaptive environmental exposures warrants further investigation.

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