Sorption and desorption experiments using stable cesium: considerations for radiocesium retention by fresh plant residues in Fukushima forest soils

AbstractWe conducted sorption experiments with stable cesium (133Cs) solution in different organic matter samples, aiming to understand the sorption of radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) in the initial throughfall by fresh plant residues (e.g., needles, wood, and bark from Japanese cedar trees) in the Oi horizon in forests in Fukushima. Among the organic matter samples, bark and wattle tannin sorbed relatively large amounts of Cs, whereas wood and cellulose powder sorbed small amounts. In contrast, samples containing clay minerals showed much higher Cs sorption. We also conducted desorption experiments, and suggested that Cs on the organic matter samples were relatively mobile.

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Binding of organic matter into an oxidation-resistant form during the interaction of clay minerals with plant residues

Eurasian Soil Science ◽

10.1134/s1064229310100091 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 1159-1173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. G. Giniyatullin ◽

A. A. Shinkarev ◽

G. A. Krinari ◽

T. Z. Lygina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Clay Minerals ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Resistant Form ◽

Oxidation Resistant

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Molecular composition of soil dissolved organic matter in recently-burned and long-unburned boreal forests

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf19085 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Jun'ichiro Ide ◽

Mizue Ohashi ◽

Kajar Köster ◽

Frank Berninger ◽

Ikumi Miura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dissolved Organic Matter ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Molecular Species ◽

Boreal Forests ◽

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Great Influence ◽

Molecular Composition ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Burned Forest

Forest fires can change the quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils, and consequently have a great influence on biogeochemical cycles in forest ecosystems. However, little information is available regarding the effects of fire on the chemical composition of DOM in boreal forest soils. To clarify these effects, the molecular composition of soil DOM was compared between recently-burned and long-unburned boreal forests (6 and 156 years since the last fire, respectively) in Finnish Lapland. Ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry revealed that there were no significant differences in species, average molecular weight or the number of molecular compounds detected between the recently-burned and long-unburned forests. However, the number of compounds with condensed aromatic structures tended to be larger in the recently-burned forest, whereas the numbers of proteins and carbohydrates not shared between the two forests were significantly smaller. Lignin-like molecules accounted for most of the total molecular species in both forests. Our results suggest that fire not only generated several species of dissolved black carbon, but also caused burned plant residues, which supplied diverse lignin-like molecules in the recently-burned forest soils and led to the number of molecular species being comparable to that in the long-unburned forest soils.

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Transformation of organic matter and clay minerals in cultivated gray forest soils

Eurasian Soil Science ◽

10.1134/s106422930601011x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 84-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Z. S. Artem’eva ◽

L. S. Travnikova

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Clay Minerals ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Gray Forest Soils ◽

Transformation Of Organic Matter

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Particle Size Effects on Concentration of Metals in Lake Erie Bottom Sediments

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1984.003 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alena Mudroch

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Clay Minerals ◽

Surface Sediment ◽

Size Effects ◽

Lake Erie ◽

Size Fraction ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Major Elements ◽

Sediment Samples

Abstract Surface sediment samples obtained at the offshore and nearshore area of Lake Erie were separated into eight different size fractions ranging from <2 µm to 250 µm. The concentration of major elements (Si, Al, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn and P), metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, V, Co and Pb) and organic matter was determined together with the mineralogical composition and morphology of the particles in each size fraction. The distribution of the metals in the offshore sediment was bimodal with the majority of the metals divided between the 63 to 250 um size fraction which also contained the highest concentration of organic matter (about 20%) and the <4 µm fraction containing up to 60% of clay minerals. However, the metals in the nearshore sediment were associated mainly with the clay minerals.

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Chemical and Phytocoenological Characteristics of Two Different Slovak Peatlands

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071290 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1290

Author(s):

Danica Fazekašová ◽

Gabriela Barančíková ◽

Juraj Fazekaš ◽

Lenka Štofejová ◽

Ján Halas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Point Of View ◽

Statistical Testing ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Soil Reaction ◽

Chemical Parameters

This paper presents the results of pedological and phytocoenological research focused on the detailed research of chemical parameters (pH, organic carbon, and nutrients), risk elements (As-metalloid, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and species composition of the vegetation of two different peatlands on the territory of Slovakia—Belianske Lúky (a fen) and Rudné (a bog). Sampling points were selected to characterize the profile of the organosol within the peatland, the soil profile between the peatland and the agricultural land, and the soil profile of the outlying agricultural land, which is used as permanent grassland. Based on phytocoenological records, a semi-quantitative analysis of taxa in accordance with the Braun–Blanquet scale was performed. The study revealed that the thickness of the peat horizon of the fen in comparison with the bog is very low. In terms of the quality of organic matter, the monitored peatlands are dominated by fresh plant residues such as cellulose and lignin. Differences between individual types of peatlands were also found in the soil reaction and the supply of nitrogen to the organic matter of peat. The values of the soil exchange reaction were neutral on the fen, as well as slightly alkaline but extremely low on the bog. A significantly higher nitrogen supply was found in the organic matter of the fen in contrast to the bog. At the same time, extremely low content of accessible P and an above-limit content of As in the surface horizons were also found on the fen. From the phytocoenological point of view, 22 plant species were identified on the fen, while only five species were identified on the bog, which also affected the higher diversity (H’) and equitability (e). The results of the statistical testing confirmed the diversity of the studied peatlands and the different impact of environmental variables on plant diversity.

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ORGANIC CARBON DYNAMICS IN GRASSLAND SOILS. 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SIMULATION

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss81-024 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 185-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 248

Author(s):

J. A. VAN VEEN ◽

E. A. PAUL

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Decay Rates ◽

Background Information ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Decomposition Rates ◽

Straw Decomposition ◽

Soil Biomass ◽

The World

The decomposition rates of 14C-labelled plant residues in different parts of the world were characterized and mathematically simulated. The easily decomposable materials, cellulose and hemicellulose, were described as being decomposed directly by the soil biomass; the lignin fraction of aboveground residues and the resistant portion of the roots entered a decomposable native soil organic matter. Here it could be decomposed by the soil biomass or react with other soil constituents in the formation of more recalcitrant soil organic matter. The transformation rates were considered to be independent of biomass size (first–order). Data from 14C plant residue incorporation studies which yielded net decomposition rates of added materials and from carbon dating of the recalcitrant soil organic matter were transformed to gross decomposition rate constants for three soil depths. The model adequately described soil organic matter transformations under native grassland and the effect of cultivation on organic matter levels. Correction for microbial growth and moisture and temperature variations showed that the rate of wheat straw decomposition, based on a full year in the field in southern Saskatchewan, was 0.05 that under optimal laboratory conditions. The relative decay rates for plant residues during the summer months of the North American Great Plains was 0.1 times that of the laboratory. Comparison with data from other parts of the world showed an annual relative rate of 0.12 for straw decomposition in England, whereas gross decomposition rates in Nigeria were 0.5 those of laboratory rates. Both the decomposable and recalcitrant organic matter were found to be affected by the extent of physical protection within the soil. The extent of protection was simulated and compared to data from experimental studies on the persistence of 14C-labelled amino acids in soil. The extent of protection influenced the steady-state levels of soil carbon upon cultivation more than did the original decomposition rates of the plant residues.

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