scholarly journals The wonder exerkines—novel insights: a critical state-of-the-art review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Magliulo ◽  
Danilo Bondi ◽  
Niccolò Pini ◽  
Lorenzo Marramiero ◽  
Ester Sara Di Filippo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Response To Exercise

AbstractSeveral benefits can be acquired through physical exercise. Different classes of biomolecules are responsible for the cross-talk between distant organs. The secretome of skeletal muscles, and more widely the field of organokines, is ever-expanding. “Exerkine” has emerged as the umbrella term covering any humoral factors secreted into circulation by tissues in response to exercise. This review aims at describing the most interesting exerkines discovered in the last 3 years, which are paving the way for both physiological novel insights and potential medical strategies. The five exerkines identified all play a significant role in the healthy effect of exercise. Specifically: miR-1192, released by muscles and myocardium into circulation, by modulating cardioprotective effect in trained mice; miR-342-5p, located into exosomes from vascular endothelial cells, also a cardioprotective miRNA in trained young humans; apelin, released by muscles into circulation, involved in anti-inflammatory pathways and muscle regenerative capacity in rats; GDF-15, released into circulation from yet unknown source, whose effects can be observed on multiple organs in young men after a single bout of exercise; oxytocin, released by myoblasts and myotubes, with autocrine and paracrine functions in myotubes. The systemic transport by vesicles and the crosstalk between distant organs deserve a deep investigation. Sources, targets, transport mechanisms, biological roles, population samples, frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise should be considered for the characterization of existing and novel exerkines. The “exercise is medicine” framework should include exerkines in favor of novel insights for public health.

Molecular cloning and characterization of antigens expressed on rat tumor vascular endothelial cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Taniguchi ◽  
Naoki Harada ◽  
Iwao Ohizumi ◽  
Michiko Kinoshita ◽  
Yasuo Tsutsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Molecular Cloning ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Rat Tumor

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Antibodies Induced by Immunization with TNF-α Inducible Globotetraosylceramide

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3632
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Hybridoma Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Antibody Induction ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Glycosphingolipids containing very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) regulate several immune responses, such as cytokine production, immune signaling, and antibody induction. We previously reported that stimulation with an inflammatory mediator, TNF-α, promotes the expression of glycosphingolipids in vascular endothelial cells. The major component is globotetraosylceramide containing VLCFAs (Gb4Cer-VLCFAs), but its role in inflammatory responses has not been fully investigated. In this study, the antibody-inducing properties of Gb4Cer-VLCFAs were analyzed using serum and hybridoma cells generated from Gb4Cer-VLCFA-immunized mice. The reactivity of serum antibodies against Gb4Cer indicated that immunization with Gb4Cer-VLCFAs immediately induced the production of anti-Gb4Cer antibodies. Over 81% of hybridomas generated from the splenocytes of an immunized mouse produced anti-Gb4Cer antibodies, a subset of which recognized an epitope shared by Gb4Cer and its precursor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer). Further biochemical analyses of established monoclonal antibodies revealed that these antibodies included IgM and IgG3, which specifically react with Gb4Cer and Gb3Cer. These results indicate that immunization with Gb4Cer-VLCFAs can efficiently induce the production of anti-Gb4Cer and -Gb3Cer antibodies by B cells.

scholarly journals Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Monocyte-Endothelial Adherence via Inhibiting Connexin43 on Vascular Endothelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfei Chai ◽  
Runying Yu ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Dongdong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cx43 Expression ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Current studies have identified the multifaceted protective functions of dexmedetomidine on multiple organs. For the first time, we clarify effects of dexmedetomidine on monocyte-endothelial adherence and whether its underlying mechanism is relative to connexin43 (Cx43), a key factor regulating monocyte-endothelial adherence. U937 monocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to explore monocyte-endothelial adherence. Two special siRNAs were designed to knock down Cx43 expression on HUVECs. U937-HUVEC adhesion, adhesion-related molecules, and the activation of the MAPK (p-ERK1/2, p-p38, and p-JNK1/2) signaling pathway were detected. Dexmedetomidine, at its clinically relevant concentrations (0.1 nM and 1 nM), was given as pretreatments to HUVECs. Its effects on Cx43 and U937-HUVEC adhesion were also investigated. The results show that inhibiting Cx43 on HUVECs could attenuate the contents of MCP-1, soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1), and the nonprocessed variants of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and ultimately result in U937-HUVEC adhesion decrease. Meanwhile, the activation of MAPKs was also inhibited. U0126 (inhibiting p-ERK1/2) and SB202190 (inhibiting p38) decreased the contents of MCP-1, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1, but SP600125 (inhibiting p-JNK1/2) had none of these effects. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 could be regulated in a similar way. Dexmedetomidine pretreatment inhibited Cx43 on HUVECs, the activation of MAPKs, and U937-HUVEC adhesion. Therefore, we conclude that dexmedetomidine attenuates U937-HUVEC adhesion via inhibiting Cx43 on HUVECs modulating the activation of MAPK signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Myopathy and Encephalopathy in Chick Embryos Experimentally Infected with Akabane Virusg

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Konno ◽  
T. Koeda ◽  
H. Madarame ◽  
S. Ikeda ◽  
T. Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Endothelial Proliferation

Chick embryos infected with Akabane virus by the yolk sac route at 6 days of incubation developed polymyositis and encephalitis. At 3 to 7 days after inoculation, skeletal muscles had myotubule degeneration, clumping of muscle cell nuclei, and infiltration of heterophils; dysplasia and aplasia were evident at 9 to 15 days after inoculation. Changes in the cerebral neostriatum and optic lobes at 2 to 11 days after inoculation included necrosis of primordial nervous tissue, hemorrhages, and hyperplasia of the vascular endothelial cells. Cavities were in nervous tissue subsequent to encephalitis. Hydranencephaly and vascular wall thickening were found 13 and 15 days after inoculation. Embryos infected intravenously at 15 days incubation had foci of encephalitis 3 to 6 days after inoculation, including neuronal degeneration, neuroglial hyperplasia, vascular endothelial proliferation, and heterophil infiltration.

Isolation and characterization of vascular endothelial cells derived from fetal tooth buds of miniature swine

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Nasu ◽  
Taka Nakahara ◽  
Noriko Tominaga ◽  
Yuichi Tamaki ◽  
Yoshiaki Ide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Miniature Swine ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Tooth Buds

Characterization of endothelin secretion by vascular endothelial cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Hexum ◽  
Carl Hoeger ◽  
Jean E. Rivier ◽  
Andrew Baird ◽  
Marvin R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial
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