Increased brain iron deposition is a risk factor for brain atrophy in patients with haemodialysis: a combined study of quantitative susceptibility mapping and whole brain volume analysis

Background: Brain iron deposition, low hemoglobin (HGB), and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) have been implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the association among them in PD is poorly studied.Objective: To explore the association of the level of HO-1 with brain iron deposition and low level of HGB in PD.Methods: A total of 32 patients with PD and 26 controls were recruited for this study. C57BL/6 male mice were used in generating 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced chronic PD model. The Levels of serum HO-1 and HGB of human subjects and mice were assayed by ELISA, blood routine test, respectively. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to quantitatively analyze brain iron deposition in human subjects and mice. HO-1 inhibitor (Sn-protoporphyrin, SnPP) was used to suppress the function and expression of HO-1 in PD mice. Correlations between the concentration of serum HO-1 and iron deposition of the region of interests (ROIs), levels of HGB, between the three factors mentioned above, and scores of clinical scales were explored in PD patients.Results: This study revealed significant elevation of the serum HO-1 concentration, iron deposition within bilateral substantial nigra (SN), red nucleus (RN), and putamen (PUT) and decrease of HGB level in PD patients. There was a significantly positive correlation between the serum HO-1 concentration and iron deposition within SN, an inverse correlation between the serum HO-1 concentration and HGB level in PD patients. A significant increase in HO-1 expression of serum and iron deposition in SN was also observed in the PD mouse model, and the SnPP could significantly reduce iron deposition in the SN.Conclusions: The high level of HO-1 may be the common mechanism of iron deposition and low HGB in PD. Therefore, the findings presented in this study indicate that HO-1 correlates with brain iron deposition and anemia in PD.

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Characterizing Brain Iron Deposition in Patients with Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: A Potential Biomarker

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2017.00081 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yawen Sun ◽

Xin Ge ◽

Xu Han ◽

Wenwei Cao ◽

Yao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Iron Deposition ◽

Brain Iron ◽

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Brain Iron Deposition

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Quantitative measurement of brain iron deposition in patients with haemodialysis using susceptibility mapping

Metabolic Brain Disease ◽

10.1007/s11011-014-9608-2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 563-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Chao Chai ◽

Shuo Yan ◽

Zhiqiang Chu ◽

Tong Wang ◽

Lijun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Measurement ◽

Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Iron Deposition ◽

Brain Iron ◽

Brain Iron Deposition

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Quantitative measurements of brain iron deposition in cirrhotic patients using susceptibility mapping

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185114525374 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 339-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Shuang Xia ◽

Gang Zheng ◽

Wen Shen ◽

Saifeng Liu ◽

Long Jiang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Iron Deposition ◽

Brain Iron ◽

Quantitative Measurements ◽

Cirrhotic Patients ◽

Brain Iron Deposition

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Quantitative susceptibility mapping of brain iron deposition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-23880/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Li ◽

Qihao Zhang ◽

Nan Zhang ◽

Lingfei Guo

Keyword(s):

Dentate Nucleus ◽

Iron Deposition ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Brain Iron ◽

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Left Thalamus ◽

And Gender ◽

Brain Iron Deposition

Abstract Background Noninvasive quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) analysis was applied to assess brain iron deposition in the gray matter nucleus in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy elderly individuals.Methods Thirty-two T2DM patients and thirty-two age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this research. All participants underwent brain magnetic resonance examinations. Twenty-three DM patients and twenty-six healthy controls received cognitive function assessments. Imaging data were collected with three-dimensional fast low-angle shot sequences to obtain magnitude and phase images; with preprocessed QSM data, ITK-SNAP helped to measure the susceptibility values reflecting the content of iron in the regions of interest (ROIs).Results The study included thirty-two T2DM patients (20 males and 12 females; mean age of 61.09 ± 9.99 years) and 32 HCs (14 males and 18 females; mean age of 59.09 ± 9.77 years). These participants were age- and gender-matched, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). T2DM patients exhibited an obviously (P < 0.05) lower MoCA score (26.78 ± 2.35; normal standard, ≥ 27) and higher SCWT score (157 (128,188); HC, 123 (112,152)) than HCs. The mean susceptibility values in the left putamen and right putamen as well as dentate nucleus in the left thalamus appeared obviously higher in T2DM patients than in HCs (P < 0.05). In all participants, the susceptibility values in the left dentate nucleus were significantly higher than those in the right side (P < 0.05). The susceptibility values and cognitive assessment scores showed no obvious association (P > 0.05). However, an obvious correlation exists between the changes in the susceptibility values across hemispheres in the dentate nucleus and the putamen (left, r = 0.439, P = 0.000; right, r = 0.260, P = 0.038).Conclusion T2DM patients showed increased iron deposition in the putamen, dentate nucleus and left thalamus. Cerebral iron deposition exacerbates cognitive decline in T2DM patients. Changes in susceptibility values in these regions are likely to be quantitative imaging markers of central nervous system injury in T2DM patients, and QSM may benefit their detection and evaluation.

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Increased Brain Iron Deposition in the Putamen in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Detected by Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/7242530 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Jing Li ◽

Qihao Zhang ◽

Nan Zhang ◽

Lingfei Guo

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Iron Deposition ◽

Brain Iron ◽

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Brain Iron Deposition

Background. The underlying brain structural changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have attracted increasing attention. The insulin-resistant state causes iron overload in neurons and leads to lesions in the central nervous system. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can provide a noninvasive quantitative analysis of brain iron deposition. We aimed to compare the difference of brain iron deposition in the gray matter nucleus between T2DM patients and healthy elderly individuals using QSM. Methods. Thirty-two T2DM patients and thirty-two age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this research. Twenty-three patients and twenty-six HCs underwent cognitive assessments. Brain QSM maps were computed from multiecho GRE data using morphology-enabled dipole inversion with automatic uniform cerebrospinal fluid zero reference algorithm (MEDI+0). ITK-SNAP was used to measure the susceptibility values reflecting the content of iron in the regions of interest (ROIs). Results. The study included thirty-two T2DM patients (20 males and 12 females; mean age of 61.09±9.99 years) and 32 HCs (14 males and 18 females; mean age of 59.09±9.77 years). These participants had no significant difference in age or gender (P>0.05). Twenty-three patients with T2DM (11 males and 12 females; mean age, 64.65±8.44 years) and twenty-six HCs (14 males and 12 females; mean age, 62.30±6.13 years) received an assessment of cognitive function. T2DM patients exhibited an obviously (t=3.237, P=0.003) lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (26.78±2.35; HCs, 28.42±0.64; normal standard ≥26) and a higher Stroop color-word test (SCWT)-C score [87(65,110); HC, 63(60,76.75), Z=−2.232, P=0.003] than HCs. The mean susceptibility values in the putamen appeared obviously higher in T2DM patients than in HCs (t=−3.994, P<0.001). The susceptibility values and cognitive assessment scores showed no obvious association (P>0.05). However, an obvious correlation was observed between the changes in the susceptibility values in the putamen and the thalamus/dentate nucleus (r=0.404, P<0.001; r=0.423, P<0.001). Conclusion. T2DM patients showed increased susceptibility values in the putamen and had declines in executive functions, but the linear association between them was not statistically significant. Changes in susceptibility values in the putamen indicated increased iron deposition and might be used as a quantitative imaging marker of central nervous system injury in T2DM patients. QSM might be able to help probe micro neuronal damage in gray matter and provide information on diabetic encephalopathy.

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Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) evaluation of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy

BJR|case reports ◽

10.1259/bjrcr.20180078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 20180078 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takuya Fujiwara ◽

Yoshiyuki Watanabe ◽

Hisashi Tanaka ◽

Hiroto Takahashi ◽

Shin Nabatame ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Mri ◽

Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽

Brain Iron ◽

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽

Low Intensity ◽

First Case ◽

Brain Iron Deposition

We present the first case of twins with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy evaluating brain iron deposition using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). A 6-year-old boy who was normal at birth had psychomotor regression and hypotonia from 2-years-old. Brain MRI showed low intensity areas in globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra (SN) on T2* weighted imaging. QSM values of GP and SN were 0.19 and 0.29 ppm, respectively. His twin brother showed almost the same imaging findings. Follow-up MRI revealed increase of QSM value in GP and SN.

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Systematic review protocol: Quantitative susceptibility mapping of brain iron accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases

10.1101/2020.02.18.20022608 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Parsa Ravanfar ◽

Samantha Loi ◽

Tamsyn Van Rheenen ◽

Ashley Bush ◽

Patricia Desmond ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Iron Deposition ◽

Brain Iron ◽

Systematic Review Protocol ◽

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Review Protocol ◽

The Brain

AbstractIron has been found to play an important role in neurodegeneration. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a relatively new – and the most accurate - MRI technique available for assessment of iron deposition in the brain. There is a rapidly growing number of studies using QSM to investigate brain iron distribution in neurodegenerative diseases including but not limited to Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington disease and Wilson’s disease. These studies have shown increased iron deposition in the brain regions that are associated with the pathology of the disease. Additionally, QSM is found to be accurate in differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases where clinical presentations are indistinguishable. Structural changes evidenced by QSM are reported to precede the onset of clinical manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases suggesting its benefit in early diagnosis. To our knowledge, no systematic review of QSM findings in neurodegenerative diseases has been published before. A systematic synthesis and conclusion of the existing evidence can improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, describe the clinical and research utility of QSM, and point out the direction for future studies in neuropsychiatric disorders.This document is a systematic review protocol developed in accordance with Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) guideline. This protocol is prepared as a guide for conducting a systematic review of studies investigating brain iron and microstructural changes in neurodegenerative diseases using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). This protocol has also been submitted to Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) for registration. By publishing this protocol, we aim to enhance clarity and transparency of our systematic review and minimise the risk of bias in the process of its development.

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